Giải pháp chủ yếu phát triển thị trường nông thôn vùng đồng bằng sông hồng giai đoạn 2000 20100001

GIAI DOAN 0 - 2010 BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN VU BA SON TRUONG t>*' r«QC I KINH 00 DAN ( TPUNG '’*AM rjlL^r GIAI PHAP CHU YEU PHAT TRIEN THI TRl/ONG NONG THON VUNG DONG BANG SONG HONG GIAI DOAN 2000-2010 LUAN VAN THAC SI QUAN TRI KINH DOANH CHUYEN NGANH: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH THUONG MAI Nguoi hirdng diin khoa hoc: TK5 M TFftWG PGS TS Hoang Due Than Tt.TT PKO*G LIJ4N AN-IVAN Wi HA NO I -2000 Ibi cam on Trong qua trinh nghien cun va hoan ihien Luan van, Tac gia da nhan dupe su giup do, hudng din tan tinh cua PGS.TS Hoang Due Than, cac thay giao, cd giao khoa Thuong mai, khoa sau dai hoc - Truong Dai hoc KTQD, sir cong tac nhiel tinh cua cac can bp cua Vien nghien cun Thuong mai, Vu Ke hoach, Vu Chfnh sach Thuong nghiep nude Bp Thuong mai cung nhu cac ban dong nghiep Nhan dip nay, tac gia xin bay to tinh cam va long biet on chan doi vdi su giup quy bau Tac gia xin bay to long biet on chan den cac nha kinh te, nhirng tac gia cua cac cong trinh nghien cun, sach giao khoa vdi nhirng tri there va quan didm ma tac gia da sir dung va ke thira de hoan Luan van Day la van de kho va phirc tap, trinh dp edn han che r£t mong nhan dupe su dong gop y kien cua cac thly giao, co giao va cac ban dong nghiep va cac ban de Tac gia cd the tiep tuc nghien cun hoan thien sau Xin chan cam on ! IYIUC LUC Noi dung Mo dau Churang 1: Co so ly luan ve phat trien thi trudng nong thdn vung DBSH sir nghiep cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude 1.1 Van de nong nghiep va nong thon qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude 1.1.1 Van de nong nghiep, nong dan va nong thon qua trinh doi moi nen kinh te 1.1.2 Nhirng chu truong, chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nude doi vdi nong nghiep, nong thon 1.1.3 Muc tieu va dinh hudng CNH, HDH nong thon 1.2 Tam quan cua thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH su nghiep CNH, HDH dat nude 1.2.1 Tfnh tat yeu hinh va phat trien cua thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH ? Tbi tpjv\r|cr nAnn th6n vlin” DBSH fpno he thdnP thj tl'UdnQ CH nUOC 1.2.3 Dae diem va vai tro cua thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH 1.3 Phat trien thi trudng nong thon va kinh nghiem phat trien thi trudng nong thon cua mot so nude 1.3.1 Cac yeu to cau thi trudng nong thon 1.3.2 Noi dung phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH 1.3.3 Cac nhan to anh hudng den phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH 1.3.4 Kinh nghiem phat trien thi trudng nong thon cua mot so nude Chau a qua trinh cong nghiep hoa dat nude Chuong 2: Thue trang thi truong nong thdn vung Dong bang sdng Hong nhung nam qua 2.1 Thue trang phat trien nong nghiep va nong thdn vung Dong bang song Hong 2.1.1 Thue trang dan cu, lao dong va vide lam nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong 2.1.2 Thue trang san xua't nong nghiep 2.1.3 Thue trang ve thu nhap va sue mua 2.2 Thue trang thi trudng nong thdn va to chuc quan ly cua Nha nude tren thi trudng nong thdn vung DBSH 2.2.1 Tinh hinh luu thong mot so hang hoa tren thi trudng 2.2.2 Tinh hinh gia ca hang hoa 2.2.3 Thue trang to chuc kinh doanh tren thi trudng nong thon kliu vuc Dong bang sdng Hong 2.2.4 Quan ly Nha nude doi vdi thi trudng nong thdn vung DBSH 2.3 Ket luan qua danh gia thuc trang thi trudng va nhugn van de dat cho Trang 1 11 11 14 15 18 18 19 21 23 30 30 30 37 43 43 51 52 59 60 phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong 2.3.1 Thanh tun da dat duqc 2.3.2 Nhung ton tai 2.3.3 Nhung van de dat cho viec phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong Chuong 3: Giai phap co ban cho phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong giai doan 2000-2010 3.1 Muc tieu, quan diem va dinh hudng phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong giai doan 2000-2010 3.1.1 Muc tieu 3.1.2 Quan diem 3.1.3 Dinh hudng chien luqc phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong tu den nam 2010 3.2 Giai phap chu yeu de phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong 3.2.1 Giai phap phat trien san xuat hang hoa va hoan thien he thong luu thduS hang hoa tren Jia ban nong thon vung Deng bang song Hong 3.2.2 Giai phap kfch cau khu vuc nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong 3.2.3 Giai phap nang cao kha nang canh tranh san pham tren thi trudng vung Dong bang song Hong 3.2.4 Giai phap hoan thien va doi moi he thong kinh doanh thuctng mai dich vu tren thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH 3.3 Hoan thien chinh sach va cong cu quan ly vi mo cua Nha nude de phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong 3.3.1 Hoan thien chmh sach vi mo cua Nha nude doi vdi thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong 3.3.2 He thong bao ho san xua't nong nghiep cua Nha nude Ket luan Tai lieu tham khao 60 61 62 64 64 64 67 67 68 68 73 75 76 78 78 88 90 MQOAU Tfnh cap thiet cua de tai: Tir Dang va Nha nude ta cd chu truong phat trien kinh te hang hoa va chuyen tir cd che ke hoach hoa tap trung sang cd che thi trudng cd sir quan ly vi mo cua Nha nude; Dac biet tir cd NQ 10 BCT TW Dang nam 1988 ve ddi mdi quan ly nong nghiep va kinh te nong thon noi chung, san xuat nong nghiep noi rieng da dat dupe nhung tuu to ldn, dong gop quan trong GDP cua ca nude Nghien cuu nhung ket qua da dat dupe cho thay rang de phat trien kinh te nong thon va phat trien nong nghiep phai cd bon yeu to: chfnh sach quan ly vi mo, von dau tu, khoa hoc - cong nghe va thi trudng Cung vdi sir phat trien cua kinh te hang hoa, thi trudng nong thon vimg Dong bang song Hong da cd sir chuyen dich theo hudng cang phuc vu tot hon nhu cau san xuat, ddi song va tieu thu nong san hang hoa cua nong dan viing nhidu dia phuong vimg, vdi qui mo khac nhau, thi trudng da tac dong den viec doi mdi co cau kinh te theo hudng gan vdi nhu cau, phat huy lpi the so sanh cua tirng dia phuong nham chuyen nong thon sang kinh te hang hoa Tuy nhien, nhin mot each tong quat pham vi ca vimg Dong bang song Hong kem phat trien, sue mua thap, phat trien khong dong deu Thi trudng tieu thu nong san dang la van de noi com, thi trudng nude chua dupe quan tarn khai thac dung muc; thi trudng nude ngoai thieu dn dinh; chua cd ban hang ldn Do vay, nong san hang hoa thieu dau ra, chuyen dich co cau kinh te cham, nong dan ngheo; sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nong nghiep, nong thon nhieu can tro Trong cac van kien quan cua Dang va Nha nude da nhan manh sir phat trien thi trudng nong thon nhu mot dudng co ban de xoa ddi giam ngheo, de phat trien nong nghiep, ndng thon cang van minh, hien dai Dac biet gSn day NQ 06 - NQ/TW cua Bp Chfnh tri da khdng dinh quan diem phat trien:" coi thuc hien CNH, HDH phat trien nong nghiep va nong thon, dua nong nghiep va kinh te nong thon len san xuat ldn la nhiem vu cue ky quan ca trudc mdt va lau dai; la co sd de on dinh t'rnh hinh kinh te, chfnh tri, xa hoi, cung cd lien minh giai cap cong nghiep vdi giai cap nong dan va tang lop tri thuc, daiy manh CNH, HDH dat nude theo dinh hudng XHCN." Van de phat trien thi trudng khu vuc nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong chua co cong trinh nao nghien cuu toan dien day du Muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai - Nghien cuu co so ly luan thi trudng, thuc trang thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong, nguyen nhan cua tinh trang kem phat trien, de xua't cac giai phap nham t6 chtrc tot hon luu thong hang hoa va phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong Doi tuong, pham vi nghien cuu cua de tai: - Doi tupng nghien cuu: Nhung van de ly luan va thuc ti£n ve thi trudng khu vuc nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong; nhung the che vi mo va nhan to vi mo tac dong tdi thi trudng khu vuc nong thon - Pham vi gidi han nghien cuu: Thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH gom nhieu van de phuc tap, luan van tap trung nghien cuu thuc trang va de xua't cac giai phap nham phat trien thi trudng tieu thu nong pham va tu lieu san xua't tren thi trudng khu vuc nong thon cac tinh vung Dong bang song riong, thdi gian nghien cuu tu nam 1995 den Phuong phap nghien cuu De tai su dung tong hop cac phuong phap vat bien chung, phuong phap vat lich sir phuong phap phan tich thd'ng ke, tong hop so sanh phuong phap Delphi de giai quyet cac van de dat Nhung dong gop cua Luan van: - He thong hoa co so ly luan ve phat trien thi trudng nong thon su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa da't nude - Phan tich, danh gia thuc trang thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong thdi gian qua - Dinh hudng va de xua't mot so' giai phap nham phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH thdi gian tdi Ket cau cua Luan van: Ngoai phan mo dau, ket luan, danh muc tai lieu tham khao, luan van dupe chia chuong: Chuong 1: Co so ly luan ve phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa da't nude Chuong 2: Thuc trang thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong nhung nam qua Chuong 3: Giai phap co ban cho phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Dong bang song Hong giai doan 2000-2010 Chuang I CO SO LY LUAN VE PHAT TRIEN THI TRUONG NONG THON VUNG DBSH TRONG SU* NGHIEP CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA OAT NUOC 1.1 Van de ndng nghiep va nong thdn qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d Viet Nam 1.1 LVdh de nong nghiep, nong dan va nong thdn qua trinh doi mai nen kinh te Qua hon 10 nam doi mdi co che quan ly kinh te, nen kinh te nude ta da co nhung chuyen bien tich cue mac du diem xuat phat cua ch ling ta thap, nong nghiep nude ta da vupt qua kho khan, phat huy noi luc, tranh thu dupe su hop tac quoc te, nong nghiep nude ta da dat dupe nhung tuu dang ke San lupng luong thuc qui thoc tang vdi toe dp 5.7%/nam ( tuong duong 1,3 trieu tan) Luong thuc binh quan dau ngudi tang tir 281kg nam 1987 !en tren 4DQ kg nam 1998 va nam 1999 la 438 ke Tv GDP nong nghiep GDP toan nen kinh te nhung nam gan day khong cd sir thay doi ldn; cu the nam 1996 la 40,45%, nam 1997 la 40,01%, nam 1998 la 39,29%, nam 1999 la 40,16% San xuat luong thuc tang nhanh da tao dieu kien cho dam bao an ninh luong thuc quoc gia, dua Viet Nam tir nude thieu luong thuc trd nude xuat khaiu gao dung thu hai tren the gidi Nganh nong nghiep dat dupe mile tang trudng cao va on dinh da cd dong gop dang ke vao su tang trudng nen kinh te cua ca nude Tir nam 1987 den 1998 san lupng che tang 1,8 lSn, ca phe tang 20 ldn, cao su tang 3,5 lan v.v Chan nudi cung cd mure tang trudng kha, dan trau bo tang 1,2 lan, dan Ion tang 1,5 lan, dan gia edm tang 1,7 ldn Nhd vao su tang trudng nong nghiep ma ddi sdng cua nong dan da dupe nang cao mot budc; thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi tang len dang ke, ty le ho ddi ngheo da giam tir 30% nam 1987 xuong khoang 14,6% nam 1997,13,5% nam 1998 12,4% nam 1999 va muc tieu cua ke hoach nam 2000 se giam so ho ngheo xuong 10-11% Cac dich vu ve y te, giao due cung dupe cai thien dang ke Co so tang nong thdn dupe cai thien, tu bo, nang cap va xay dung mdi phuc vu tot hon cho san xuat va ddi sdng cua ngudi dan ndng thdn Trong ndng nghiep, he thong cong trinh thuy lpi da dam tudi cho 84% dien tich gieo lua va tieu ling cho khoang 1,4 trieu He thong dudng giao thong ndng thdn cung da dupe nang cap, lam mdi Den da cd 93% so xa cd dudng d to den khu trung tarn, tao dieu kien tot khong chi’ cho nhan dan di lai ma giup van chuyen hang hoa ndng san thuan tien hon, khuyen khfch san xuat hang hoa phat then Ve cung cap dien cho khu vuc nong thon, hien da co tdi 70% xa co dien khong nhung dap ung nhu cdu thhp sang va sinh hoat ma tao di£u kien tot cho dien hoa, phat trien nganh nghe d nong thon Ve giao due, hhu nhu tat ca cac xa (98%) da co trudng cap I, 92% xa co tram y te, khoang 40% dan so duqc su dung nude sinh hoat dat tieu chuhn ve sinh Tom tai, qua hon 10 nam ddi mdi bo mat nong nghiep va nong thon nude ta cd nhieu chuyen bien tfch cue, ddi song cua ngudi dan duqc nang len, hang hoa san xuat doi dao, da dang hon, chat luqng hang hoa cang duqc cai thien dap ung duqc nhu cau tieu dung cua nhan dan, cung nhu nhu c&u da dang cua thi trudng Dat duqc nhung tuu dang khfch le neu tren nong nghiep va phat trien kinh te nong thon la nhieu yeu to, phai ke den la chfnh sach doi mdi, khuyen khfch phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon, thuc hien ddi mdi co che quan ly kinh te nong nghiep, nhat la trao quyen tu chu cho ho gia dinh qua trinh san xuat nong nghiep, giao dat dn dinh lau dai cho ngudi san xuat vdi quyen: chuyen doi, chuyen nhuqng, cho thue, thua ke, the chap va den cuoi nam 1998 duqc bo sung them quyen gop von kinh doanh b^ng gia tri quyen su dung dat Ngoai ra, chfnh sach cho vay von den tan ho gia dinh de phat trien san xuat, cung vdi chfnh sach ve tu hoa luu thong hang hoa, vat tu noi chung va cho nong nghiep noi rieng, dong thdi, chfnh sach khuyen khfch moi phan kinh te tham gia san xuat va kinh doanh tren dia ban nong thon cung da gop phan tfch cue vao nhung tuu ke tren Viec ung dung nhung tuu ve khoa hoc, ky thuat, tien bo ve giong mdi doi vdi cay trong, vat nuoi, xay dung he thong khuyen nong den co sd va budc dau hoat dong cd hieu qua viec chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat den ngudi san xuat da gop phan quan vao viec nang cao nang suat, cha't luqng cay trong, vat nuoi Chuyen doi co cau mua vu, co cau cay trong, vat nuoi theo hudng tang hieu qua, dien tfch lua chiem xuan tang thay the cho dien tfch lua mua cd nang suat thap Nha nude d^u tu dang ke vao phat trien co so tang nong thon, nhat la he thong thuy lqi He thong ngan hang da cung cap tin dung vdi khoi luqng ldn cho phat trien nong nghiep nOng thOn vdi muc tang 24-27%/nam Tuy dat duqc nhung tuu neu tren, nhung kinh te nong nghiep va nong thon nude ta cd nhung kho khan va thach thuc ldn can phai giai quyet Do la: - Nang suat lao dong ddi ngheo cao, trinh dan thay trinh dan tn trung ngheo, ho vimg sau, vimg thap, viec lam thieu dSn den thu nhap thap, ty le tri cua nong dan thap Sd lieu dieu tra cho binh cua ho nong dan thap, nhat la nhung ho xa - Dat nong nghiep cua ta ft, phan ldn luc luqng lao dong hien dang phuc vu nong nghiep; cong nghiep va dich vu nhung nam gan day chua phat trien de co the thu hut lire luong lao dong d nong thon Hien Viet Nam co khoang 8,1 trieu da't nong nghiep, binh quan ho co 0,68 mot lao dong nong nghiep: 0,27 ha, dan so tang nen binh quan dien tich dat nong nghiep cang tha'p va tinh phan chia binh quan nen ruong dat cang manh mun, phan tan, khong thuan tien cho san xua't va co gidi hoa Mac du, cho den ngudi nong dan da duqc trao cac quyen ve chuyen doi, chuyen nhuqng, thira ke, the chap quyen sir dung nhung tren thuc te viec thuc hien cac quyen edn rat han che chua co quy dinh cu the nen han che viec tich tu va tap trung ruong da't vao tay nhung ngudi san xua't gidi, gop phan thuc hien phan cong lai lao dong theo hudng gidi nghe gi lam nghe Mat khac, tren thuc te dang didn tinh trang nong dan khong co dat san xua't, gay anh hudng khong nho tdi ddi song va thu nhap cua ho, thieu viec lam, thu nhap thap, khien cho hang ngan ngudi lao dong d nong thon di chuyen pho' de tim cong an viec lam dang la van de buc xue d nong thon hien - Ve co ca'u kinh te nong nghiep nong thon da cd sir chuyen doi nh'fg cham va chua hop Iv Trong co cau kinh te nong thon san xua't nong nghiep chiem tdi 70%, nganh nghe va dich vu phi nong nghiep moi dat khoang 30% Cong nghiep va dich vu chua phat trien, toe do thi hoa dien cham, nong nghiep van la dia ban hoal dong cua 80% dan so vdi 76,9% la lire luong lao dong - Trong nhirng nam gan day da co su chuyen dich ve co cau nhung trot van la nganh san xua't chinh, chan nudi chiem chua day 20% Mac du Viet Nam da dat nhung tiru quan trong phat trien nong nghiep va kinh te nong thon nhirng nang suat cay trong, vat nuoi cua ta tha'p so vdi nang sua't chung cua the gidi, thu nhap tren da't nong nghiep binh quan mdi chi dat 12 trieu dong/nam (1997) - Cong nghiep che bien nong lam thuy san lac hau va phan tan, quy mo nho Den chi cd 30% san luong mfa, 60%_ san luong che va 1% san luong thit duqc che bien cong nghiep Cong nghe sau thu hoach chua duqc chu dung mire, ty le hao hut sau thu hoach cao - Ve xua't khaiu nong san cua ta cd tang ve khd'i luong nhung gia thudng tha'p hon so vdi gia quo'c te, dan den thu nhap tir xua't kha’u bi thua thiet ( gao tha'p hon 30-50 USD/ta'n, ca phe, che tha'p hon 100-150 USD/ta'n, gia thit lqn chi bang 60% gia thit lqn quo'c te ) - Khoang each chenh lech ve thu nhap va cac dieu kien co sb vat cha't xa hoi giua thi va nong thon mot rong, mot mat tao sir ba't binh dang xa hoi, mat khac tao lan song di chuyen lao dong tir khu vuc nong thon vao thi de tim kiem viec lam - Thuc trang ve nganh nghe nong thon thdi gian qua cho tha'y cua thi tracing noi dia De thirc hien tot viec chuyein dich co cau kinh te theo hudng tren, can tap trang vao cac van de sau: - Can lira chon cac san pham co lpi the so sanh dd xay dung chien lupc phat trien cac thi trudng hang hoa theo cac chinh sach canh tranh dong bo ve san pham, ve gia ca, ve tieu thu va ve xuc tien khuyech truong san phaim tren pham vi thi trudng ca nudc va nhat la tren thi trudng xuat khau Nhung san pham vira phai co lpi the ve dieu kien san xuat, vira phu hop vdi xu hudng phat trien cua nhu ctiu thi trudng ( ke ca thi trudng nudc va thi trudng xuat khaiu) Tat ca cac chien lupc phat trien deu phai dira tren co sd thi trudng tieu thu va nham dinh hudng den thi trudng tieu thu san phaim co tinh muc tieu, bao gom ca thi trudng tieu thu nudc va xuat khau - Trong vai trd cua minh, Bp Thuong mai cd trach nhiem chuyen tai cac thong tin thi tradng ve nhu cau san pham, ve cac doi thu canh tranh ve cac chinh sach nhap khaiu va thue quan cua cac thi trudng tieu thu muc tieu ve cac nguon cung ung nguyen vat lieu, cong nghe va du bao nhu cau thi trudng d£ phpc vu cho qua trinh xav dung va thuc hien cac chien luoc nhat trien thi tradng Ddng thdi thuc hien viec dam phan va ky ket cac thoa thuan thuong mai vdi cac thi tradng tieu thu muc tieu Td chirc thuc hien cac chinh sach canh tranh ve phan phoi tieu thu va xuc tien khuyech truong san phaim qua trinh thuc thi cac chien lupc phat trien cac tinh va pho, So thuong mai cung cac Sd huu quan vimg Ddng bang song Hdng tren co sd cac chien lupc phat trien thi tradng hang hoa cua quoc gia, nghien cuu dir bao trien vong san xuat va tieu dung, phan tich va danh gia cac lpi the so sanh de xac dinh cac thi trudng hang hoa tru tien cap tinh va pho, bao gom thi tradng cac mat hang cd lpi the va thi tradng dia ban tieu vimg diem Tren co sd do, mot mat tham gia vdi cac nganh kinh te viec lap va thuc hien cac qui hoach dau tu phat trien va mat khac, chu dong xay dung va thuc thi cac qui hoach phat trien thuong mai va xay dung cac du an d^u tu kha thi theo hudng ket hop dau tu gian tiep va dau tu true tiep, vira dau tu cho san xuat vira dau tu cho thuong mai, dau tu ca doanh nghiep lan dau tu ve tang ky thuat ngoai doanh nghiep Thong qua qua trinh nay, timg budc hinh nhieu mat hang va nhieu doanh nghiep thuong mai cd nang luc canh tranh cao tren thi trudng nudc va ngoai nudc, nhieu thi trudng vimg vdi nhieu trung tarn va cum kinh te - thuong mai - dich vu phat trien Theo chu truong nay, nhirng nam trudc mat, Bp tap trung nghien cuu qui hoach thi trudng mot sd mat hang trien vong cd lpi the so sanh va cd kha nang nang cao dupe sue canh tranh, thi trudng mot sd vimg 80 kinh te diem cd loi the dia - thuong mai, dau tu tu ngan sach trung uong cho mot so tdng cong ty, hang hay tap doan chuyen doanh qudc gia va xay dung phat trien co so vat chat ky thuat cho mot sd trung tarn kinh te thuong mai- dich vu hoat dong pham vi thi trudng mat hang va thi trudng vung noi tren Tuong tu nhu vSy, cac So tap trung vao mot sd mat hang co lqi the dia phuong, mot sd thi trudng tieu vung va tir ngan sach dia phuong de dau tu phat trien mot sd tdng cOng ty hoac cong ty thuong mai thi xa, xay dung co so vat chat ky thuat cho mot sd trung tarn hay cum kinh te - thuong mai - dich vu qui mb huyen hoac lien huyen - Tang cudng xay dung cac dieu kien, cac tieu chuain cho thi trudng giai doan tu den nam 2010 tren co so cac yeu cdu cua hoat dong kinh te van hanh theo co che thi trudng cd sir quan ly cua Nha nudc theo dinh hudng XHCN Day la giai phap phat trien thi trudng tat yeu giai doan chuyen doi theo hudng nen kinh te thi trudng, cung nhu vi trinh phat trien tha'p kem cua thi trudng nudc ta hien noi chung Y nghia cua giai phap la tao su van dong thdng thodng tren thi trudng cua moi hoat ddng kinh te, bao gom moi ddng chay cua hang hoa vat ly va cac dich vu hd tro thuong mai cung nhu timg budc tieu chuain hoa thi trudng, giam cac can thiep hanh chinh khong can thiet Trong giai phap nay, can tap trung nang cao hieu qua quan ly cua Nha nudc tren cac mat sau: + Ve mdi trudng phap ly: dam bao cho cac hoat dong thi trudng duqc canh tranh tu va lanh manh, kiem soat duqc quyen, hai hoa ve lqi ich giua cac chu the tham gia thi trudng la Nha nudc, doanh nghiep va ngudi tieu dung; nang cao tinh on dinh va ro rang cua mdi trudng phap ly + Ve mdi trudng kinh te: dam bao tinh dong bo, nhat quan va dn dinh thuc thi cac chien luqc va chinh sach phat trien thi trudng; tao lap va tri day du cac dieu kien ve co sd tdng, ve cac dich vu hd trq kinh doanh ( tai chinh, ngan hang, bao hiem, thdng tin, kho van, mdi gidi, tu v&n, nghien cuu va chuyen giao cong nghe, xue tien thuong mai) cho hoat dong thi trudng Cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa cac hoat dong quan ly thi trudng; lam phu hop va thfch ung giua chinh sach va dinh che phat trien thi trudng nudc vdi cac dinh che cua thi trudng khu vuc va the gidi + Ve mdi trudng xa hoi: nang cao trinh dan tri, hieu biet cac kien ihuc ve kinh te thi trudng, ve vai trd quan ly cua Nha nudc; phat trien nguon nhan luc cd kha nang thich ung vdi canh tranh; hinh cac td chuc bao ve quyen lqi ngudi lieu dung; xay dung nen van hoa kinh doanh cd tinh dac trung cua Viet Nam; hinh cac td chuc va hoat dong phu hqp de lien 81 ket giua cac nha kinh doanh giua Chinh phu vdi doanh nghiep nham phat trien thi trudng; ton vinh cac nha kinh doanh gioi b Chinh sach tdi chinh: Yeu cau von cho d3u tu san xuat - che bien va tieu thu hang hoa cua ba ndng dan rat can thiet De cd du von dau tu ddng bo vao cac khau quan trong, chfnh sach tai chfnh nham thu hut duqc cac nguon von dau tu nhu sau: - Tao von va thu hut dau tu nude, huy ddng von tu cd cua cac doanh nghiep thuoc moi phan kinh te, huy dong von nhan rdi dan de dau tu phat trien co sd tang, san xua't, che bien, - Von vay tin dung Nha nude thong qua he thong ngan hang phat trien ndng thon va ngan hang thuong mai - Thu hut von nude ngoai va tham gia hop tac quoc te cac linh vuc kinh doanh Day duqc xem nhu giai phap quan thao go tai chfnh, vi noi luc cua ta chua dap un duqc yeu cdu, vay von va cOng nghe nude ngoai rat quan trong, thong qua hop tac quoc te va dau tu hop tac hai ben deu cd lqi c Chinh sach khuyen khich ndng dan dau tit san xuat ndng nghiep: Kinh nghiem cua nhieu nude tren the gidi qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa de tang trudng nen kinh te, nha't la ddi vdi kinh te ndng nghiep va ndng thon chfnh sach dau tu thudng duqc ap dung giai phap theo phuong phap tiep can khac Mot each tiep can la ap dung giai phap dau tu true tiep cho san xua't ndng nghiep thong qua cac chuong trinh hd trq true tiep cho ndng dan Bang phuong phap Nha nude hudng tap trung vao cac chfnh sach: - Cho cac ho nong dan vay tin dung vdi mire vay ldn, dai han, dieu kien vay thuan lqi va lai suat tha'p - Dieu chinh gia vat tu dau vao cd lqi cho ngudi san xua't nong nghiep - Nha nude bao tieu san pham hoac hudng dan gia san, gia tran cho cac ndng san chu luc Mot each tiep can khac la ap dung giai phap dau tu gian tiep Khac vdi dau tu true tiep cho san xua't ndng nghiep la nham xay dung va nang cao nang luc cua ca he thoong ndng nghiep bao gom dau tu xav dung he thong thuy lqi nghien cuu lai tao gidng mdi cd nang suat va chat luqng cao, dau tu cho he thong cd khi, cong nghe sinh hoc, hoa hoc, dau tu cho cong tac dao tao va khuyen nong 82 cl Chinh sach xuat nhap khau hdng hod De thirc hien dinh hudng phat trien xuat khaiu giai doan tir den nam 2010, can thuc thi ddng bo cac nhom chinh sach va giai phap sau: - Khuyen khich dau tu phat trien san xuat hang xuat khaiu, md rong qui md nguon hang chu lire vdi chat luqng cao, gia canh tranh duqc phu hqp vdi nhu chu thi trudng muc tieu va khach hang diem bAng cac chinh sach va hinh there uu dai cao nhat, ddi xir binh ding giua doanh nghiep nudc va nudc ngoai, cd dinh hudng xay dung nhung nganh hang chu luc va chuyen dich co cau hang xuat khiu theo hudng tang nhanh ty hang qua che bien, on dinh mdi trudng ddu tu va phat trien hqp ly cac khu che xuat, khu cong nghiep, khu kinh te md, khu thuong mai tu - Dam bao quyen tu kinh doanh XNK cho cac chu the tham gia thi trudng - Xay dung va thuc hien chinh sach tai chinh, tin dung, tien te tich cue hudng vao hd tro xuat khaiu thong qua hoan thien thi trudng von va tien te; da dang hoa nguon von: giam dan ty thu ngan sach tir thue xuat nhap khaiu; lap va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua Quv hd trq xuat khaiu: khuyen khich cac hiep hoi nganh hang lap cac Quv phdng ngira rui ro: nang cao hieu qua sir dung cac cong cu nhu ty gia hoi doai bao lanh ban hanu tra cham cho vav uu dai vdi thdi man trunu va dai han - Thuc hien cac chinh sach cong nghe nhdm cai thien va nang cao chat luqng hang hoa xuat khaiu bdng viec dinh hudng nhap khdu cong nghe dung; khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep cai tien cong nghe va nang cao hieu qua sir dung cong nghe; lap Ngan hang du lieu cong nghe de cung cap thong tin cho cac doanh nghiep; tao lap thi trudng cong nghe de cac san phaim khoa hoc cong nghe duqc mua - ban nhu mot hang hoa dac biet; tuan thu cac qui dinh cua luat phap ve bao ho quyen sd huu cong nghiep; ap dung che dang ky va kiem tra chat luqng bat budc ddi vdi hang xuat khaiu - Nghien cuu du bao vd thi trudng, to chuc thu thap va cung cap thong tin, tang curing xuc tien thuong mai nhdm hinh va mb rong thi trudng tieu thu cho hang hoa xuat khaiu cua Viet Nam tren ca hai cap Nha nudc va doanh nghiep + Nha nudc can hoach dinh va thuc thi chien luqc xuat khau dai han, dam bao toc do, co cau va hieu qua xuat khaiu; td chuc thu thap va cung cdp thong tin thi tru'dng, nghien cuu dir bao thi trudng de dinh hudng cho san xuat va xuat khaiu, phat trien cac mat hang mdi; dam phan va ky ket hqp dong cap Chinh phu; hd trq cac doanh nghiep thong qua cac dir an phat trien mat hang xuat khau tham nhap thi trudng mdi, phat trien cac dich vu 83 ho tro xuat khaiu; lap he thong xuc tien thuong mai de cung cap cac dich vu midn phi va phi thap cho xuat khaiu cua cac doanh nghiep; nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua cac tham tan thuong mai va cac phai doan thuong mai d nudc ngoai + Cac doanh nghiep tiep can va phan tich cac nguon du bao, khai thac thong tin, day manh cac hoat dong tiep thi de nghien cuu nhu cdu cua cac thi trudng muc tieu, lien doanh- lien ket va hqp tac de canh tranh san xuat va xuat khau theo chien lupc canh tranh cua timg don vi - Doi mdi co che quan ly XNK theo hudng luat phap hoa, minh bach hoa, thuan lqi hoa phu hqp vdi cac dinh che va lo trinh tham gia cua Viet Nam vao cac td chuc thuong mai khu vuc va the gidi e Cac chinh sach va gidi phap phat trien von dan tit cho hoat dong thitctng mai d thi trudng ndng thdn Tir thuc trang va yeu cau phat trien thi trudng ndng thdn tir den nam 2010, xuat phat tir vai trd cua hoat dong thuong mai ddi vdi san xuat va tieu dung, den viec hinh va md rong thi trudng de tang trudng kinh te, can cd chinh sach va giai phap phat trien von dau tu cho thuong mai thfch hqp d ca tarn vi md va vi md, mot mat tao dieu kien thuan lqi cho doanh nghiep kinh doanh thuong mai nang cao kha nang canh tranh ve tai chinh, mat khac cd nguon von thoa dang dau tu phat trien co sd VCKT cho hoat dong thuong mai d thi trudng ndng thdn tao dieu kien md rong giao luu hang hoa va phat trien thi trudng ndng thdn Cac nguon von dau tu cho thuong mai tir nhidu phfa: nguon von ngan sach von dau tu nudc ngoai ( FDI ODA va vien trq cua cac td chirc qudc te), von vay cua cac td chuc tin dung va ngoai nudc, von huy dong cua cac doanh nghiep va tu nhan Vi vay, can cd chinh sach va giai phap thu hut, sir dung von thfch hqp vdi timg nguon qua trinh td chirc thuc hien qui hoach phat trien thuong mai d Viet Nam - Thuc'day nhanh qua trinh phat trien thi trudng von dai han, trung han va ngan han, thi trudng chung khoan, hoan thien co che tin dung tao moi dieu kien thuan lqi cho cac doanh nghiep thuong mai thuoc moi phan kinh te deu tu tham gia vao vong luan chuyen von cua xa hoi Huy dong moi tiem nang ve von tren thi trudng theo qui dinh cua phap luat - Thuc hien tdt luat khuyen khich dau tu nudc nham thu hut manh va sir dung cd hieu qua cac nguon vdn dau tu va ngoai nudc vao kinh doanh san xuat va thuong mai, dac biet la khuyen khich dau tu vao linh vuc san xuat va tieu thu ndng, lam thuy san 84 - Thanh lap cac cong ty tai chinh thuong mai, thuc day qua trinh lien ket cac cong ty Ion, kinh doanh cac mat hang chu lire vdi qui md va gia tri kinh te cao, tao dieu kien tfch tu va tap trung von - Thuc day nhanh qua trinh cd phan hoa doanh nghiep TNNN de tap trung va sir dung hieu qua von Nha nude vao hoat dong thirong mai - Ap dung cac bien phap khuyen khfch doanh nghiep kinh doanh xuat khau thong qua bien phap tin dung xuat khaiu, vay vdi lai suat iru dai, bao lanh tra cham - Ddi vdi cac cong trinh va cac dich vu hd trp thuong mai can dau tu von vdi qui md ldn hoac tren cac dia ban kho khan nhu cac trung tarn dau mo'i giao dich thuong mai; trung tarn thuong mai quoc te va quoc gia; trung tarn thong tin va xue tien thuong mai: trung tarn nhap khaiu va phan phoi hang nhap khau; he thong tdng kho d cac vung san xuat tap trung hoac ben, cang phat luong; cac chp dau nguon d thi trudng ndng thon, d cac trung tarn cum xa mien nui; cac cira hang cua TNNN va HTXMB d cac huyen mien nui, vung cao; cac trung tarn gidi t^’en v? ban hang Viet Nam cung nhu kho ngoai quan d cac thi trudng xuat khaiu chien lupc , can dupe xem nhu cac co sd tang cho hoat dong thuong mai cua xa hoi, vi vay can thiet phai dau tu bang nguon von ngan sach hoac von ODA - Cd bien phap khuyen khfch va keu goi dau tu cua tu nhan cua cac doanh nghiep va ngoai nude vao kinh doanh xay dung va su dung cac cong trinh thuong mai nhu cac linhvuc uu tien khac nham phat trien thi trudng - Ket hpp dau tu von vdi hudng dan sir dung cd hieu qua nguon von Nha nude dau tu, dac biet can cd td chuc du hieu luc de kiem soat hieu qua sir dung von va quyet dinh dau tu von theo dung muc dich sir dung - Dam bao du nhu cau von cho cac doanh nghiep thuong mai kinh doanh nganh hang mui nhpn va cac doanh nghiep TNNN cong fch d dia ban mien nui - Tang cudng nang luc canh tranh ve tai chfnh cho cac doanh nghiep thuong mai Ap dung tdng hpp cac chfnh sach va giai phap tao von sir dung von tang cudng kha nang tai chfnh cho doanh nghiep thuong mai tao dieu kien tai dau tu phat trien kinh doanh san xuat va thuong mai, tang cudng phat trien he thong co sb VCKT phuc vu hoat dong thuong mai kinh doanh cd hieu qua, gop phan tang trudng kinh te dat nude cung la nhdm muc tieu thuc hien qui hoach phat trien thuong mai cua Viet Nam tir den nam 20'10 85 f Ndng cao hieu qua quan ly Nhd nudc ve ihi trudng va thuong mai tren thi trudng ndng thdn Vai trd quan ly Nha nude ve thi trudng va hoat dong thuong mai d thi trudng nong thon noi rieng va thi trudng ca nudc noi chung dieu kien hien het sire quan trong, duqc xem nhu mot nhung lqi the canh tranh chu yeu cua nen kinh te, nhung thuc te hieu qua quan ly Nha nudc ddivdi thuong mai rat han che d ca ca'p trung uong va dia phuong Vi vay, de phat trien thuong mai ddi hoi phai co cac bien phap tang cudng hieu qua quan ly Nha nudc ve thuong mai theo hudng chuyen tarn tir kiem tra, kiem soat la chfnh sang tao lap moi trudng thuan lqi, thong thoang va hd trq cac doanh nghiep canh tranh thuong mai la chu yeu, thOng qua viec hoan thien chfnh sach co che quan ly thuong mai cung nhu cac bien phap td chuc, hanh chfnh va cong nghe dong bo khac - Trudc mat, o tarn vi md, can hoach dinh chien luqc va quy hoach phat trien thuong mai hoan thien noi dung va he thong cac cong cu quan ly, trudc het la he thong cac van ban phap luat va phap quy; he thong chfnh sach don bay kinh te va co che quan ly thuong mai; su dung cac luc luqng kinh te cua Nha nudc de can thiep true tiep co hieu qua vao phat trien thi trudng Ddng thdi, hoan thien bo may quan ly Nha nudc tir trung uong den dia phuong nhfim hinh he thong thong nhat quan ly Nha nudc ve thuong mai tren pham vi ca nudc; Phan cap quan ly giua trung uong va dia phuong dam bao tinh gian cac thu tuc hanh chfnh va nang cao tfnh sang tao, chu dong khai thac lqi the phat trien thuong mai cua dia phuong + Xay dung va thirc hien he thong dich vu hd trq hoat dong thuong mai cho cac doanh nghiep midn phf hoac phf thap nhu he thong cung cap cac ket qua nghien cuu du bao ve thi trudng, thong tin thi trudng, xuc tien thuong mai, hd trq phat trien thuong mai dien tir va ap dung cac tieu chuain mdi + Hd trq tai chfnh cho cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd xuat khaiu san phaim mdi hoac tham nhap vao thi trudng mdi thong qua cac dir an hoac bang cac quy khen thuong, qui tin dung uu dai + Xay dung va thuc hien cong trinh cong nghe thong tin quan ly thuong mai d thi trudng va ngoai nudc, td chuc he thong thu thap va phan pho'i thong tin thi trudng tir trung uong den dia phuong gSn lien vdi mang thong tin quoc te phuc vu quan ly Nha nudc + Tang cudng nang luc va hieu qua hoat dong cho cac dai dien va phai doan thuong mai cua Viet Nam d nudc ngoai 86 + Xay dimg cd sd tang cho hoat ddng thircmg mai co y nghia qudc gia d ca thi trudng nudc va thi trudng ngoai nudc chien lucre + To chirc thudng xuyen viec ddi thoai giua cd quan quan ly Nha nudc ve thuong mai vdi cac doanh nghiep, cac Hiep hoi doanh nghiep va ngoai nudc + Tuyen truyen giao due va ton vinh cac nha kinh doanh thuong mai gidi cua dat nudc - cap tinh, pho, hudng hoan thien quan ly Nha nudc ve thuong mai thdi gian tdi can tap trung hudng dan thi hanh Luat Thuong mai va Luat canh tranh va kiem soat doc quydn sau cd hieu luc; xay dung va td chuc thuc hien qui hoach phat then thuong mai tren dia ban; hoan thien bo may quan ly Nha nudc ve thuong mai tir tinh den huyen xa va phan ca'p quan ly phu hop dam bao don gian hoa cac thu tuc hanh chinh va hd trp hieu qua cho cac doanh nghiep hoat dong thuong mai, ddng thdi dinh hudng cho cac nganh kinh te, cac doanh nghiep san xuat theo nhu cau tlii trudng; tang cudng hieu qua kiem tra, kiem soat boat ddng thuong mai tren dia ban, bao ve lqi ich cua cac chu the tham gia canh tranh va ngudi tieu dung; thudng xuyen quan he chat che vdi cac doanh nghiep doanh nghiep tren dia ban thdng qua nhieu hinh thuc de kip thdi dieu chinh va cd cac bien phap mdi de quan ly thuong mai thich ting va hieu qua g Tdng cudng cong tac quan ly thi trudng chong buon lau co hieu qua de bao ve san xuat va on dinh thi trudng nudc - Tiep tuc thuc hien tdt cong tac dau tranh chong buon lau va gian lan thuong mai tren thi trudng noi dia; chi dao cd tarn; diem tren timg dia ban, timg tuyen de cd bien phap ngan chan hang nhap lau luu thdng tren thi trudng - To chirc tdt cong tac dau tranh chong san xuat, buon ban hang gia, hang kem chat luong, kiem tra, kiem soat dang ky kinh doanh, kinh doanh cd dieu kien thiet lap ky cuong, trat tu tren thi trudng - Xay dung va phat tridn luc luong quan ly thi trudng ca ve chat luong va sd luong theo yeu cau chinh quy, hien dai Timg budc nang cao trinh chuyen mon, nghiep vu, kien thuc ve quan ly kinh te, quan ly thi trudng va phap luat Thudng xuyen mo cac ldp boi duong nghiep vu ngan han cimg vdi viec cur can bo di hoc dai hoc tai chirc, dai hoc dai han tap trung de bao dam cd luc luong can bo du nang lire chuyen mon, pham chat dao due de lam viec lau dai Thanh tra chuyen nganh Thuong mai nhu Luat Thuong mai da quy dinh 87 Ve co ban va lau dai muon chong buon lau va gian lan thuong mai triet de phai co tdng hoa cac bien phap bang cac giai phap kinh te la chu yeu VI vay, mot mat tfch cue daiy manh cuoc chien chong buon lau, mat khac chu dong phat trien san xuat va nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua hang hoa noi chung va nong san hang hoa noi rieng 3.3.2 He thong bao ho san xuat nong nghiep cua Nha nude Toan cau hoa va khu vuc hoa dang trd xu the tat yeu Viet Nam se chfnh thuc tham gia vao khu vuc mau dich tu ASEAN(AFTA) vao nam 2006, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam va cac nganh dang dung trudc thach thuc ldn la san pham kem sue canh tranh, doanh nghiep non tre nang luc tai chfnh yeu Do van de bao ho san xuat nude ndi chung va bao ho san xuat nong nghiep ndi rieng dang dupe dat Bao ho san xuat nude la bao ho mot nganh hang, mot linh vuc hay mot mat hang nao chtr khong phai bao ho cho mot cong ty xf nghiep cu the Do do, quan diem bao ho san xuat nude la: - Bao ho cd diem, khong dan trai: tuc la chi bao hp d™ vdi cac nganh linh vuc nhu: cac nganh cong nghiep non tre, mui nhon thuoc hudng tru tien chien lupc phat trien cua dat nude; cac nganh nghe truyen thong, cac nganh nghe su dung luc lupng lao dong ldn, cac mat hang thuoc nhu cdu quoc ke dan sinh - Bao ho theo hudng kfch thfch san xuat phat trien: phuong thuc bao ho tfch cue nhat ddi vdi san xuat nude la Nha nude can cd chfnh sach hd trp hudng vao cac yeu td tao dieu kien cho doanh nghiep dau tu phat trien cd hieu qua, nang cao sire canh tranh Nhu vay phuong thuc bao ho cua Viet Nam theo hudng: dau tu co so tang, phat trien thi trudng von, dao tao nguon nhan luc, hd trp ve nghien cuu ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe, xay dung cac trung tarn nghien cuu tiep thi, thong tin thi trudng Danh nhung uu tien ve dd't, von, thue, cho viec dau tu san xuat, che bien hang xuat khdu - Bao ho san xudt nude theo lich trinh giam thue va lo trinh cdt giam han che dinh lupng va cac hang rao phi thue quan phu hpp vdi lich trinh tham gia vao AFTA Trong qua trinh xay dung lo trinh giam thue nhap khdu va bo hang rao phi thue quan can cd quan diem bao ho cd chon loc, cd dieu kien va cd thdi han, vara giup do, vira tao sue ep thuc ddy cac doanh nghiep nude phai ddi mdi va vuon len ndng cao sire canh tranh Ddi vdi san xuat nong nghiep, day la linh vuc rong ldn lien quan den mot bo phan kdn dan cu lao dong Trong lien trinh hoi nhap vdi nen kinh te khu vuc va the gidi, nen kinh te nude ta ndi chung va kinh te nong nghiep 88 noi rieng dang dung truce sue ep rat ldn la: san xuat manh mun, kem phat trien, nang suat thap, gia san xuat cao vay lam giam tinh canh tranh cua san phaim so vdi cac nude khu vuc va the gidi, khd tieu thu vi vay da anh hudng ldn den hang trieu nong ho d nong thon nudc ta Chinh vi vay can su bao ho cua Chinh phu qua trinh timg budc hoi nhap vdi nen kinh te khu vuc va the gidi phu hop vdi Id trinh cdt giam thue va phi thue qua trinh tham gia AETA Tren quan didm bao ho co chon loc, co thdi han tir nang ddn kha nang canh tranh cua san pham nong nghiep tren thi trudng nudc, khu vuc va the gidi, Tren co so do, Nha nudc edn cd chfnh sach va giai phap nhAm trq giup khuyen khfch cac doanh nghiep, nong ho tham gia hoat dong san xuat, kinh doanh tren thi trudng ndng thon nhu: - Nghien cuu hinh quy bao hiem cua timg nganh san phdm, trudc mat lap Quy bao hiem cac ndng san chu yeu nhu: lua gao, ca phe, cao su thit lqn dieu Sir dung quy bao hiem gia thi trudng dot bien, thien tai theo hudng Nha nudc, don vi kinh doanh va ngudi san xuat cung dong gop Ddi vdi Nha nudc, nguon hinh quy duqc trich tir thue xuat khau va cac khoan thu khac thuoc vao loai san pham - Cd chfnh sach tin dung uu dai ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep, HTX thuong mai true tiep lam dich vu cung ung vat tu san xuat ndng nghiep va tieu thu san pham cho cac ndng ho, khuyen khfch cac doanh nghiep tham gia vao cac dich-vu hd trq cho san xuat ndng nghiep - Cd chfnh sach bao lanh cho cac ndng hd duqc mua tra cham cac vat tu dau vao cho san xuat ndng nghiep tao dieu kien cho cac ndng ho mua sdm cac thiet bi, vat tu ndng nghiep, dau tu cai tien phuong thuc canh tac, ap dung cac tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat vao san xuat ndng nghiep - Nghien cuu va trien khai md hinh thi trudng hang hoa giao sau ddi vdi mat hang ndng san Day la md hinh thi trudng ma d ngudi ta mua ban, trao ddi vdi khong phai la cac hang hoa san phhm true tiep giao ma chi thong qua hqp ddng cam ket mua ban, viec giao hang va nhan tien duqc thuc hien tuong lai So' luqng, gia ca, pham cap, hinh thiic giao nhan deu can cu vao cac dieu khoan cu the ghi hqp dong Day la md hinh bao tieu san pham nham hd trq dau cho cac san phaim nong nghiep Khi co hqp ddng tay vdi sd luqng, chat luqng, gia ca va thdi gian giao hang cu the da biet trudc, ngudi nong dan cd the vach ke hoach san xuat, tien hanh huy dong von, mua sSm vat tu, md rong dien tfch canh tac, tien hanh ap dung cac ky thuat tien tien de nang cao nang suat, chat luqng cua san pham - Phat trien manh cac dich vu hd trq cho san xuat nong nghiep: Ddi mdi va phat trien cac dich vu hd trq phat tridn ndng nghiep va ndng thon la mot nhu cau khach quan cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nong nghiep ndng thdn Ben canh viec phat trien da dang cac hoat dong tieu thu cong nghiep, cac nganh nghe phi ndng nghiep va khoi phuc, phat trien cac lang nghe truyen thong d ndng thdn thi viec hoan thien cac 89 dich vu hd trq phat trien ndng nghiep co tarn quan ddi vdi su tang trudng ndng nghiep ve mat chat luong, gdp phan quan vao chuyen hoa can ban ndng nghiep tir san xuat theo kieu tu cung, tu cap sang san xuat hang hoa Dua vao to chuc va co sd vat chat ky thuat hien cd ma tien hanh sap xep lai he thdng dich vu ndng nghiep, da dang hinh thuc qui md hoat dong, cd bo may du manh gdn lqi ich kinh te cac hoat dong dich vu vdi ket qua san xuat cua timg ho ndng dan Tren co sd hinh cac dich vu nhu: dich vu ve giong, dich vu lam dat, dich vu tudi tieu, dich vu bao ve thuc vat dich vu chan nudi thu y, dich vu cung ung vat tu ndng nghiep dich vu tieu thu san pham, dich vu chuyen giao ky thuat va khuyen ndng, dich vu tin dung - Hd tro san xua't ndng nghiep bang each dau tu xay dung co sd tang ndng nghiep, ndng thdn: Nang cap va phat trien mang ludi cau, during, cho dien, he thdng cong trinh thuy lqi la van de cap bach nhat vi nd lien quan den ca dau va dau vao cua san xuat ndng nghiep Nha nudc trung uong va dia phuong can tang curing hd tro phat trien co sb tang non nua bang su ket hqp kinh phi Nha nudc vdi Jong 6dp cua nguri: dan, cua cong ddng Ddi vdi co sb tang xa hoi, Nha nudc can cd chinh sach hd trq hieu qua de giam thieu nhung chenh lech dang cang doang rong giua thi va ndng thdn - Sap xep lai, di ddi vdi viec phat trien manh cong nghiep ndng thdn dac biet la cong nghiep che bien ndng lam thuy san vdi nhung cong nghe phu hqp, kien quyet tien hanh cd phan hoa nhung doanh nghiep Nha nudc linh vuc che bien lam an kem hieu qua khuyen khich cac phan kinh te nudc cd von co ky thuat dau tu vao linh vuc cong nghiep che bien nham da dang hoa cong nghiep che bien tao moi truong canh tranh de ndng dan co duqc chi phi gia cong, chi phi che bien hop ly Nhanh chong ap dung cong nghe che bien hien dai ( che bien thuc pham sach rau qua, gao ) nham tao mot nen cong nghiep che bien vdi miic tieu hao nguyen lieu it nha't, he so' thu hoi pham cao nhat de tang ham luong ky thuat va gia tri san pham tang kha nang canh tranh, tao chd dung cho san pham ndng nghiep tren thi trubng va ngoai nudc - Thuc hien tot chinh sach khuyen ndng hd trq phat trien san xuat ndng nghiep thdng qua cac td chuc Nha nudc lap cac td chuc doan the, ca nhan tu nguyen lap Day la co sb de dam bao gidi thieu cho ngurii san xuat ky thuat tien tien nhat la nhung vung cao, vung sau vung xa Uu tien phat trien va ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe nha't la ve giong co tuyen chon, lai tao giong nudc va nhap ngoai Uu tien nhung tien bq ky thuat cd tinh dot pha phuc vu phat trien san xuat hang hoa, ndng cao chat luong san pham, chuyen ddi co ca'u san xuat cho timg vung de tang trubng kinh te va xay dung mdi truong sinh thai ben vung Uu tien ap dung ky thuat tien tien ve bao ve mdi trubng sinh thai phat trien ben vung nong nghiep, nong thon 90 KET LUAN Trong qua trinh CNH-HDH nong nghiep va nong thon hien nay, viec phat trien thi trudng nong thon co y nghla quan trong, no tao co so cho phat trien ben vung nen kinh te - xa hoi Dac biet dieu kien nude ta noi chung va vung DBSH ndi rieng ma thu nhap quoc dan tir nong nghiep van gop phan quan trong, ty le lao dong ndng nghiep chiem tdi hon 70% Viec phat trien thi trudng khu vuc nong thon gop phan quan trong viec tao lap kenh phan phoi tieu thu hop ly, gop phan quan trong viec nang cao thu nhap, sire mua cua ngudi dan lam ndng nghiep nong thon vimg Ddng bang song Hong La van de mdi me va phuc tap Trong gidi nan pham vi nghien cuu, so vdi muc tieu da de ra, Luan van da giai quyet duqc nhung van de sau: Trong chuong 1: Luan van da he thong hoa dupe nhung va'n de ly luan lien quan tdi viec hinh va phat trien thi trudng ndng thon: - Van de nong nghiep va nong thon qua trinh cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa o Viet nam - Tam quan cua thi trudng nong thon su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude - Phat trien thi trudng nong thon va kinh nghiem phat trien thi trudng ndng thon cua mot sd nude Trong chuong 2: Luan van da di vao nghien cuu thuc trang phat trien thi trudng nong thon vung Ddng bdng song Hong thdi gian qua - Vdi nhung sd lieu phong phu Luan van da phan tfch mot each day du, toan dien ve thuc trang thi trudng ndng thon vung Ddng bang song Hong Tir danh gia duqc nhung tuu dat duqc nhu: thi trudng vung la mot thuc the thong nhat va thong suot, hang hoa duqc tu luu thong, hoat dong mua ban tren thi trudng ndng thon duqc tuan theo co che thi trudng; mang ludi kinh doanh thuong mai dich vu o thi tiudng ndng thon vung tiep tuc duqc mo rong Nhung ton tai: kinh te ndng nghiep mang tinh tu cung tu cap tren quy mo rong ldn, kinh te hang hoa cham phat trien, khong co su lien ket giua ndng dan vdi thuong nhan, vdi cong nghiep che bien, san xuat khong gdn vdi nhu cdu cua thi trudng; thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi khu vuc nong thon vung thap; hoat dong luu thong hang hoa tren thi trudng nong thon vung DBSH phai trai qua nhieu tang nac trung gian; khoang each canh keo giua gia hang ndng san va gia hang cong nghiep tiep tuc doang rong ra, chua duqc xu ly triet de gay anh hudng xau tdi ngudi dan lam nong nghiep Chuong 3: Vdi nhung muc tieu, quan diem va dinh hudng phat trien thi trudng nong thon vimg Ddng bang song Hong 10 nam tdi da duqc de ra, 91 Luan van de xuat mot so giai phap nham phat trien thi trudng nong thdn vimg DBSH giai doan 2000-2010 + Giai phap phat trien san xuat hang hoa va hoan thien he thong luu thong hang hoa tren thi truong ndng thdn vung DBSH + Giai phap kfch cdu khu vuc ndng thdn vung DBSH + Giai phap nang cao kha nang canh tranh san pham ndng san tren thi trudng vimg DBSH - Hoan thien chinh sach va cong cu quan ly vi md cua Nha nudc dd’ phat trien thi trudng ndng thdn vimg DBSH +Hoan thien chfnh sach vi md cua Nha nudc ddi vdi thi trudng ndng thdn vung DBSH + He thong bao ho san xuat ndng nghiep cua Nha nudc 92 Tai lieu tham khao 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 PGS.TS Nguyen Van Bich - PTS Chu Tien Quang - Phat trien Nong nghiep nong thon giai doan CNH,HDH Viet Nam - NXB Nong nghiep Ha Noi, 1999 Nguyen Thanh Bach - Chinh sach va giai phap cho nong dan, nong nghiep va nong thon hien - Tap chi Nghien cuu kinh te so 248 thang 1/1999 Bo thuong mai - Quy hoach phat trien thuong mai Viet Nam 2000-2010 Bo Thuong mai - Thi trudng noi dia : Thuc trang va dinh huong phat trien PGS TS Nguydn Sinh Cuc - Thuc trang thu nhap g chi tieu va j^trc mua cua nong dan hien nay- Thong tin noi bo- Vien NCTM 1999 GS Hoang Dat " To chuc tieu thu va luu thong hang hoa nong thon Viet Nam" -Bo Thuong mai - 5/1995 Dai hoc KTQD-UBND tinh Ha Bac - thang 2/1995- Ky yeu khoa hoc: " Thuc trang va quan diem phat trien kinh te nong nghiep hang hoa va doi mdi co ca'u kinh te nong thon Bac Bo" Dang cong san Viet nam - mo t sd' van kien caa Dagg ve phai tHen ndng ngmCp - rmd Audi ocii dnin u1 i|UVJ gid i *y* Dang cong san viet nam-VVn kien Hoi nghi lan thu nVm BCHTW khoa VIII Dang cong san Viet nam - VVn kien Hoi nghi lan thu (lan 1) BCHTVV khoa VIII- Nha xuat ban chinh tri quoc gia GS.TS Nguydn Dinh Huong - Thuc trang va giai phap phat trien Kinh te' trang trai thdi ky CNH HDH Viet Nam- NXB Chinh tri quo'c gia, Ha Noi - 2000 TS Nguydn Dinh Long - TS Nguydn Tien Manh - Nguydn Vo Dinh: Phat huy lqi the' nang cao kha nVng canh tranh cca nong san xuat khau Viet nam - Nha xua't ban nong nghiep -1999 C.Mac - Tu ban quyd’n tap - Nha xua't ban chinh tri quoc gia 1993 TOng cuc Thong ke -Ket qua diVu tra KT-XH ho gia dinh - NXB Thong ke HN - 1999 Tong cuc Thong ke - Nien giam thong ke 1997,1998,1999,2000 - NXB Thong ke HN Trung tam nghien cuu va ho trq phat trien -Tu lieu vung Dong Bang song Hong 1995-1996 - NXB KHKT 1996 Trung tam nghien cuu va hd trq phat trien-Tu lieu vung Dong Bang song Hong 1996 -1997 - NXB KHKT 1997 Trung tam nghien cuu va hd trq phat trien - Tu lieu vung Dong Bang song Hong 1997 -1998 - NXB KHKT 1998 Trung tam nghien cuu va hd trq phat trien- Tu lieu vung Dong Bang song Hong 1998-1999 - NXB KHKT ’1999 Trung tam nghien cuu va hd trq phat trien Tu lieu vung Dong Bang song Hong 1999-2000 - NXB KHKT 2000 Thdi bao kinh te cac nVm 1995-1999 Tap chi' ” so, su kien “cac so nVm 1998,1999 23 24 25 26 27 Thdi bao kinh te.- Kinh te xa hoi 10 nam doi mdi Tap chi Nghien cun kinh te so 253 - TS DO Kim Chung - DHNN - Cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ndng nghiep va ndng thdn d cac vung kinh te - lanh thd Viet Nam - thang 6/1999 Tap chi Thuong mai cac sd nam 1998-2000 Vien NCTM - De tai khoa hoc cap bo - Hoan thien chinh sach va td chuc thuong mai nham phat trien thi trudng ndng thdn vung ddng bang nhung nam trudc mat- Ha Noi 12 -1999 Vien NCQLKTTW - Nhung khac biet phat trien kinh te giua thi - ndng thdn va anh hudng xa hoi cua no qua trinh ddi mdi kinh te tai Viet Nam - Ha noi 12/1996