Phát âm chữ hán

simple tone marks are placed over the vowels.. Every Chinese character is a syllable with a fixed tone.. has four basic tones: each one is indicated by a tone mark.. VOWELS In Mandarin t

HANYu PINYIN

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PENG'S CHINESE TREASURY

concept a nd cartoons

b y

Tan Hua y Peng

Times Books Int e rnationa l

S;II!1Qport _ /Ii"./" lItmp~r

(1 1984 TImes Editions Pt e Lid

P ublished by Times Books In t ernational

an imprin t 01 Times E d Jlio n s Pte Lt d

Times Centre , 1 New I ndustri a R oad

All rights reserved N o pan of this publica t ion may be

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P ri nt ed by M en t o r P rinters P riva t e Li mited

HANYU PINYIN

Hanyu Pinyin the Romanized Chinese phonetic

System is considered the most effective aid to

learning Mandarin today It is precise and accurate

and compared to oth r Romanizations, such as

Wade-Giles and Yale it is less complicated and

thus more easiy learnt

The system reads and writes easily using fewer

letters per sound than any other system As an

additional guide to proper pronunciation simple

tone marks are placed over the vowels

Pinyin Made Simple

This book demonstrates the simplest way to

master Pinyin It analyzes the system breaking

down the sounds into simple vowels compound

vowels, and consonants

First things first The 4 tones are introduced after

which comes the pronunciation of each vowel and

consonant component of one-syllable words

Basic Words and Characters Approximately 500 basic words with their Chinese characters in the modern simplified form are

progressively introduced in groups according to sound As far as possible the examples given for each vowel or consonant group can be identified from the cartoon

100 Pinyin words with two syllables are also listed and explained

Cartoons Learning Pinyin is really no drudgery and cartoons

have been used throughout for the dual function

to amuse and to teach Almost effortlesslY, it is possible to learn the Pinyin spelling pronunciation and pitch of each word s well as its meaning and Chinese character - at the same time

So flip these pages be inspired, learn and have fun!

7

8

THE FOUR TONES

Chinese is a tonal language Every Chinese

character is a syllable with a fixed tone If the tone

is wrong, the meaning is changed right away and

in some cases corresponds with no existing

Chinese character!

Mandarin the official Chinese language has four

basic tones: each one is indicated by a tone mark

The to e marks are placed over the vowels If the

letter '"j" has a tone mark over it the dot is

omitted

- The first tone is a high continuous tone

like the reciting of " A BCD etc."

The second tone is a rising questioning

ton , lke a surprised "Huh?"

The third to e is a drawling tone first

V falling then riSing like an indecisive

"Well "

The fourth tone is a sharp falling tone

like a purposeful "Yes!"

VOWELS

In Mandarin there are 6 simple vowels and 15

compound vowels The compound vowels are

combinations of 2 or J vowels

CONSONANTS

II

There are also 24 consonants divided into

7 groups according to the way they are articulated

a as in mama papa

as in cash rash when pla ced between 1 and n

a

15

'IF mak e don g

ma rr y gree n

L t's n w tac le the 15 compound vowels - first (>Ai AA! sign plate dai >:> bag

the Hetter vowels then the He er vowels

25

24

•

a 0 sou nd s like the " ow " i n h ow el sou nds like the " ay " in gay

28

29

•

diO

" throw I i ii ~

"

u a is a combinat i on of "u" and "a" • so und s like "way"

UI

s hull

"' retreat

* pu s h shu i it who ?

un is a combination of "u" and "n" uo is a combination of "u" and "0"

liin ~ wheel tun W swallow z o flli make guo ;:t pass

• •

ua is a combination of "u" and "a"

but the 2 dots are absent from the u"

juan m co ntribute juan II! weary

yuan I1Q garden quan 1m circle

i\'l< roll up

quan !it spring yuan Z fa,

quan :i: complete yuan ill< source

is a combination of "'ii" and "e"

although the 2 dots over the "u" only

appear after the letters I and n

malaria yue 1* leap

37

•

u a I is a (ombinalion of " u " an d " a " and ' T

o fISHING

)ja o « expect jiao fl4 s h out

hu a fl' bosom gulfi JIll sla p

qi ao t'j co in c idental miaa 1& wonderful guAi lIE well-behaved ku<ii til chopsti c s

diaa f', fi s h qiao Ill!! look

x i ao ;:: laugh niao Il, bird

z hucl.i J; dra g gua i If s tran ge

41

b like "p" ,voicelessl in help P strongly aspi r ated as in pineapple

bing ,~ sick ~i lit blanket pimg ~ bump pin 00 " goods

{eng U bee f :It di s tribute mAi l.!lI bur y rna J;O hor se

fA " ng m mom fu lli\ good fortune

rna tli wipe rn l'g scol d

fang 15 square fan Ii!l o vert urn

44

4S

d like " t " Ivoiceless) in nitwit t strongly aspirated as in talk

da

dai

'* dumbstruck din g

n as in nimble

as in l oud

I

n6ng 15< farming n'n JII difficult lao t'; old Ian iII basket

48

49

9 like 'Ok" (voi ce lessl in skill k strongly a s pirated as in kid

gOn

* devil

gOn Itt mandar i n gO Iiji l ook after

ki5ng = "" empty kui , lose

orange

n9 as in so ng

Ji ang jl!j two gong

hu ", kett l e

5 2

53

•

J like "ch" Ivoiceless) in mischief like "ch" Istrongly aspirated) in cheat

j iii ;< long jie

jiao ~ hand over j iiin It! shoulder qun I,Il skirt QU ;I; reave

l ik e a so und between the "s"

sc h ool xiiin Ix line write xin ,e, h ear t

awake xili n g :Il! think

zh like the ·d " Ivoice l essl in sludge

zhao ~{l shine zhi il s traight

z h ai 'il narr ow zh~ n ~ real

z h ii 1t bamboo z h o IJE catch

z hang

'" grow zho If, pig

51

as in raw with the tongue

cur l ed back but without the trill

!J! go round ruo !lii feeble

!ill me lt ren V recognize

z

zao zai

li ke the " t s " in eats, but

st rongl y as pir ated

y as in you w as in we

yan 3 ft examine y u ;(Ef have wii 1i five wi l* socks

We've now completed all the POSSible sounds of

THE NEUTRAL TONE

Apart from the 4 bask tones there is a 5th tone in Mandarin: the neutral to e

The neutral tone is light soft and short unlike any of the 4 basic tones It is pronounced in a re/axtd way with ut any stress and varies in pitch according to the tone of the preceding syllable

Generally all particles interjections pronouns after verbs and other words whkh do not carry

important concrete meanings in a sente ce have the neutral tone

The tone mark for the n utral tone may either be a small drcle ,0 l over the vowel or a dot '·

preceding the syllable Usually h wever no mark is necessary

Iff i1\I?

o

hao ma? hao· ma? hao ma?

In Mandarin there are only a few characters with a The following is a list of two-syllable words where definite n utral to.ne They carry no concrete only the 1st syllable is stressed In each example meaning of their Own being functional only as given below the tone o the 2nd syllable has been

suffixes Here is a list: neutralized for effective oral emphasis

1st tone

ma

'" men In 'he !fI rnA rnA mil ma Ii'lli'l mother

ba "E de ft,) lie "'1 jT qi = jT qi mil:! machine

Ie T na IIIJII de l1!l peng you = peng you JIll;\( friend

rning b i = ming bai B~B understand

Syllables are normally uttered in anyone of the 4 3rd tone

tones However tones can be neutralized according

j ie jie j ie jie il!il! elder sister

to:

141 the shades of meaning

151 the more or less strong emphasis laid on the 4th tone

THE FIVE TONES

The 3rd tone syllable normally has a falling and

yl zo lll -r chair

3rd tone syllable is pronounced in the 2nd tone It

does not fall, but only rises

Examples

mT fen = mt fen *Iil rice flour

mei hao = mei hao ;)1!ff fine

shuT guo = shut guo

** fruit

ii i ao ia: u a iao uai

If there is no ""a """ th e tone m ark is pla ced

ove r " 0"" or ""e"":

o u uo

(31 A compou nd vowel with bot h " r a nd "" u ""

combinations of vowels wi th the ir

tone mark s properly placed "

74

THE UMLAUT MARK

••

The umlaut mark is a mark made up of two dots f •• I

placed over a vowel to indicate modification in the

quality of the vowel It is derived from the German u'"

In Mandarin it appears only in the vowel "u " and is

pronounced as in the German 9r;;" or the French rUt

The vowel "u" appears with the umlaut mark only

juln quan xuan yua n jll n qun xOn yOn

./$)

7'

76

TWO-SYLLABLE WORDS

The C~i~ese language is primarily disyllabic i.e

compnsl.ng two-syllable words These may be

formed In the following ways which are by no

means exhaustive

III Appending a noun suffix:

zi !T I or tou 19\'

milo zi i'H hat

shi tou '69; stone

gu tou 1'1* bone

!21 Repeating the same syllable

kiln kan lilt look

xie xie iMiif thanks

chang chang ~~ often

OJ Linking up with an interdependent syllable

qing Ung f!jfJ! dragonfly

hu die ~~ butterfly

141 Linking up with an independent synonym

kan jian :ti-.ffi see guang dil J * vast gan kuai ilit:k: quickly

, 151 Linking up with another syllable idiomatically

chang duan *~ mishap

Uong-shortl The following pages list a hundred commonly used

two-syllable words First syllables from the (st to the 4th tone are paired off with syllables from each of the

5 tones to form a variety of two-syllable words

77

;;;

'Ill aeroplane

guo ji! 1l!II: count r y

xTn x i !n Iii~ f,esh du shu ~'Il study

gil di n JIll alone

shi jiAn 9<J'fBJ time zhong xTn "P,C, centre

Z hT chi ~I+ sUPPOrt

r~ n m in At< people zhuan m~n '1'[1 specia l

1-3 shagong shenn g U xi ka u mOl $lJ Itt;< wOUnd congratbody u late 2-3 p~i y6u yang yang 1ft'" illi!< nurture swi m

w~i xiao it/j, little

hui xiang @l;0 feca ll

qing shuang ~lI! coo l

rl!n k6u A" pop ul ation

sui bian Fi!!!! care l ess feng fll

gllo gui ;t;~ noble

eli gan otT ability

h e i an 11\l1li darkness

x u e w~n "'Iii! knowledge jTng yan tHIt expe rience

ze r(!:n I!!(f responsibility 1-5 Ia: m en f<!Jln they

~

Iti xing lI!!f travel

wu diio 1Ii dance 4-3 bao zhi l\l!1\ newspaper

Ichange 3 rd t one of I S I s yllable to hOll guo Iii * results

3-4 kao ren shi noli - tJi~ ;!flit examination endure 4-4 dian hua bao gao <\l l\l ili i'i telephone report

zhen tOll

ni men f*fn you Iplural) xia mian l' iii below

wei ba /liel tail bei " 'lIT lifetime

~ <> ~

H a n YII PInyin/Chinese c har ac t er/E n glis h meaninl / Pale No

Han y u Pinyi n /C h i n ese c h aracter/E ng lish m ea nln'/POlige No

" guli lIE well-behaved ,

Hanyu Pi n yi n j ehlnese c h uacte r / £",lIs h m ea n 'n, 1 P lille No

pi; II! s i gn plate 25

t i:

Hanyu Pin yi n /C hin ese charilcter/EngUsh meaning / Pag e No Han y u Pinyin {Chinese c h 'Ha cter / Engli s h mun i ne I P il le No

w' 1i five 65 y" !<j medicine 64

xii I summer 28 yT Il< treat 64

xil n lI; first J5 yi n g @ h ard 52

,T, -C' heart 56 yu, !'J arrange 37

xIng III awake 56 yu' t< l eap 37

xiii 101 ,"",'e 30 y"

'" pr eg nant 6'

Han Y Ii Pi n yi n /C h i n ese c h arillcte r / E n gli s h meaning/ P age No