ENGLISH GRAMMAR PASSIVE FORMS I DEFINITION (Định nghĩa)

1 ENGLISH GRAMMAR PASSIVE FORMS I DEFINITION (Định nghĩa) - Câu bị động câu có chủ ngữ người vật chịu/nhận hành động tác nhân khác (là đối tượng hành động) e.g1: I am taken to school every morning by my father (Chủ ngữ ví dụ đại từ “I”, “tơi” khơng phải chủ thể hành động “đưa đến trường” mà người đưa đến trường (tân ngữ) “bố tôi” e.g2: A letter is being written now by Lan (Chủ ngữ ví dụ danh từ “A letter”, “lá thư” chủ thể hành động “đang viết” mà vật viết (tân ngữ) vào lúc bạn Lan) - Câu chủ động câu có chủ ngữ người vật chủ thể hành động, trạng thái diễn đạt động từ e.g1: Lan is writing a letter now (Chủ ngữ câu danh từ “Lan”, Lan người thực hành động viết thư vào lúc này) e.g2: My father takes me to school every morning (Chủ ngữ câu danh từ “My father”, “bố tơi” người thường thực hành động đưa đến trường vào buổi sáng) II FORM (Công thức thành lập) be + past participle Cụ thể: - Để thành lập câu bị động sử dụng dạng động từ “to be” khứ phân từ động từ “past participle” III USE: - Câu bị động sử dụng để nhấn mạnh vào hành động e.g1: English is spoken in many countries - Câu bị động sử dụng người nói/viết khơng biết muốn đề cập tới chủ thể hành động e.g2: The cup has been broken IV HOW TO CHANGE THE ACTIVE IN TO THE PASSIVE (Cách chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động) - Chúng ta chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động câu có tân ngữ (nói cách khác động từ câu phải ngoại động từ) Và câu có tân ngữ chuyển thành nhiêu câu bị động - Để chuyển câu chủ động sang câu bị động thực theo bước sau: Vương Văn Hùng, Lại Thượng, Thạch Thất, Hà Nội (SĐT: 0963201999) ENGLISH GRAMMAR + Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ (người vật chịu/nhận tác động chủ từ) cách đặt câu hỏi “Chủ ngữ câu tác động lên người hay vật ?” “Người hay vật phải chịu tác động chủ từ câu ?”) + Bước 2: Rút tân ngữ vừa xác định đưa lên làm chủ ngữ câu bị động) + Bước 3: Chia động từ theo mẫu (Sử dụng dạng trợ động từ “to be” khứ phân từ động từ “past participle”) e.g1: Nam bought me a watch on my birthday (Trong câu có hai tân ngữ “me” “a watch”, mà hồn tồn chuyển câu thành câu bị động sau: I was bought a watch on my birthday by Nam A watch was bought for me on my birthday by Nam e.g2: I’ll see a movie tonight A movie will be seen tonight by me * Nếu muốn nêu rõ chủ thể hành động dùng cụm từ “by + agent” e.g3: I am taken to school every morning by my parents V PASSIVE TENSES: Past simple: Past progressive Past perfect Past perfect continuous Present simple: Present progressive Present perfect Present perfect continuous Future simple: 10 Near future: 11 Future progressive: 12 Future perfect: 13 Future perfect continuous: was/were + past participle was/were + being + past participle had been + past participle had been being + past participle am/is/are + past participle am/is/are + being + past participle have/has been + past participle have/has been being + past participle will be + past participle am/is/are + going to + be + past participle will be being + past participle will have been + past participle will have been being + past participle VI PASSIVE FORMS OF SOME SPECIAL STRUCTURES: Passive form of modal verbs: Modal verb + be + past participle e.g1: I can sing English songs (active) → English songs can be sung by me (passive) e.g2: You must your homework regularly (active) → Your homework must be done regularly (passive) Past passive form of modal verbs: modal verb have been past participle Vương Văn Hùng, Lại Thượng, Thạch Thất, Hà Nội (SĐT: 0963201999) ENGLISH GRAMMAR e.g1: We should have invited Linda Linda should have been invited (by us) e.g2: You must have eaten fish for dinner Fish must have been eaten for dinner (by you) Stative passive: e.g1: I am tired of reading the same book every day e.g2: They are married - Qua ví dụ thấy câu bị động trạng thái (Stative passive) thành lập giống với câu bị động thông thường khác là: be + past participle - Tuy nhiên khứ phân từ không diễn tả hành động chủ thể mà chúng diễn tả trạng thái chủ thể, chúng có chức tính từ - Theo sau khứ phân từ câu cụm từ “by + agent” mà thay vào giới từ có - Dạng câu bị động (Stative passive) khơng có câu chủ động tương đương - Đơi dùng “get” để thay cho “be” e.g3: She got married to a foreigner last year Passive form of verbs followed by a gerund: - Để thành lập câu bị động với động từ theo sau danh động từ sử dụng phân từ động từ “to be” (là “being”) kết hợp khứ phân từ động từ like dislike past love being participle enjoy e.g1: I dislike people telling me what to → I dislike being told what to e.g2: She loves people admiring her → She loves being admired Passive form of “need” and “want”: - Để thành lập câu bị động với “need” “want” làm theo hai cách sau: Cách 1: Sử dụng phân từ động từ need present participle want e.g1: Your hair is too long It needs cutting e.g2: The car is too dirty It wants cleaning Vương Văn Hùng, Lại Thượng, Thạch Thất, Hà Nội (SĐT: 0963201999) ENGLISH GRAMMAR Cách 2: Sử dụng “to be” kết hợp với khứ phân từ động từ need past to be participle want e.g3: His coat is too dirty It needs to be cleaned e.g4: Their house is too old It wants to be repaired Passive forms of “make” - Lưu ý dạng chủ động ta có mẫu câu: Make sb st: bắt/bảo (phải) làm - Nhưng chuyển sang dạng thụ động ta có mẫu câu sau: Be made to st: bị ép/bắt làm e.g1: She usually makes me the housework → I am usually made to the housework e.g2: They made him work hard from morning till night → He was made to work hard from morning till night Passive forms of “let”: - Lưu ý dạng chủ động ta có mẫu câu: Let sb st: cho phép làm - Nhưng chuyển sang dạng thụ động ta có mẫu câu sau: Be let to st: phép làm (Hoặc là: be allowed to smt.) e.g1: He let me play video games once a day → I’m let to play video games once a day (I’m allowed to play …) “Have something done” “Get something done”: - Các mẫu câu sử dụng để diễn đạt ý “chủ ngữ câu không thực hành động mà thuê/mướn/bảo thực hành động cho mình.” - Hai dạng chủ động bị động cụ thể sau: Active Passive S + have someboby something S + have something done e.g1: I had a mechanic repair my car I had my car repaired (by a mechanic) S + get somebody to something S + get something done e.g2: He gets a barber to cut his hair He gets his hair cut once a day once a day e.g3: I had my hair cut (passive) e.g4: I cut my hair (active) Impersonal passive: - Một số động từ hay dùng: know, say, think, report, rumour, believe e.g1: People think that he is a liar (active) → It’s thought that he is a liar (passive) → He is thought to be a liar (passive) Vương Văn Hùng, Lại Thượng, Thạch Thất, Hà Nội (SĐT: 0963201999) ENGLISH GRAMMAR e.g2: People thought that she passed the exam (active) → It was thought that she passed the exam (passive) → She was thought to have passed the exam (passive) - Quy tắc chuyển từ câu chủ động (active) sang câu bị động (pasive): có cách * Cách 1: Mượn đại từ “It” làm chủ ngữ câu bị động đồng thời kết hợp với dạng trợ động từ “to be” khứ phân từ động từ Sau kéo nguyên mệnh đề với “that” (that clause) xuống cuối câu It + be + past participle + that clause e.g1: People say that I am not qualified for that job → It’s said that I am not qualified for that job e.g2: People said that they got divorced last year → It was said that they got divorced last year * Cách 2: Lấy chủ ngữ mệnh đề với “that” (that clause) làm chủ ngữ câu bị động đồng thời sử dạng trợ động từ “to be” khứ phân từ động từ kết hợp với động từ mệnh đề với “that” (that clause) theo dạng sau: to smt S + be + past participle to have done smt - Chúng ta sử dụng dạng “to smt” sau khứ phân từ động từ động từ mệnh đề “that” sử dụng tại/tương lai đơn e.g1: People rumour that she speaks English perfectly → She is rumoured to speak English perfectly - Chúng ta sử dụng dạng (to have done smt” sau khứ phân từ động từ động từ mệnh đề “that” sử dụng q khứ đơn hồn thành e.g2: People rumour that she spoke English perfectly → She is rumoured to have spoken English perfectly VII PRACTICE (Luyện tập) Exercise one: Change the sentences below in to the passive In my free time, I usually the homework Ba never plays video games Linh flies a kite after school Peter and Sam take a dog to school every day What you on the weekend ? She’s cooking a chicken in the kitchen He’s driving a car They are flying a plane We are writing a letter 10 I’m singing karaoke 11 We’ve just seen him in here 12 Mr Pike’s taken a lot of photos today 13 Mrs Brown has bought a villa in the country Vương Văn Hùng, Lại Thượng, Thạch Thất, Hà Nội (SĐT: 0963201999) ENGLISH GRAMMAR 14 His niece has sent him a post card 15 Her nephew hasn’t visited her for a long time 16 We are going to fix the refrigerator tomorrow 17 Kien used to play the violin in the evening a few years ago 18 Mary has to tidy her room every morning 19 I had to write a report on my school festival 20 She gave me a book on my last birthday 21 Mr Cuong is carrying a suitcase 22 He carried me across the river last Saturday 23 They received their first semester report cards the day before yesterday 24 I borrowed a dictionary from the library last Monday 25 He ate a big breakfast ten days ago 26 I’m going to draw a picture of Hoan Kiem Lake 27 She used to tell us stories when we were small 28 They have just made a phone call 29 The Browns will plant trees along the city central streets next weekend 30 We must seperate the rice from the husk 31 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 32 We should speak English as much as possible every day 33 They can magic tricks 34 Every day, Joe drinks tea after work 35 She brushes her teeth at half past five 36 Her step mother gave her a slap on her face 37 On my birthday, I usually invite some friends over for dinner 38 The school Y&Y is going to hold a meeting to celebrate the Teachers’ Day 39 At 10.00 pm last night, I was reading a novel 40 I showed the policeman my certification card 41 What you every day ? 42 What did you yesterday ? 43 What are you doing now ? 44 What can you see ? 45 Do you speak English ? 46 Who did you see at the party ? 47 When did they buy that house ? 48 How you spell your name ? 49 How often does she play sports ? 50 Who invented the telephone ? 51 Are you going to visit the Temple Of Literature ? 52 Does he morning exercise ? 53 Did he repair your bike ? 54 Who takes you to school every morning ? 55 What will they tomorrow ? Exercise two: Change the sentences below in to the active: I was bought a picture by Manh yesterday A rose was given to me by my friend last Sunday Vương Văn Hùng, Lại Thượng, Thạch Thất, Hà Nội (SĐT: 0963201999) ENGLISH GRAMMAR A magazine is being read by him now A novel is read by her in the free time A fish is being fried by my mother in the kitchen now The chickens are fed by me after school Baseball is often played by us in the spring Soccer is being played by them at the stadium at the moment She was punished for her coming late by her teacher 10 A newspaper was bought by him yesterday 11 Her friends will be invited to ber birthday party by her tomorrow 12 Badminton is usually played by me on the weekend 13 Basketball was played by them the day before yesterday 14 Rice is grown for a living by Vietnamese people 15 English is spoken throughout the world by people 16 Math is taught by Mr Dean 17 Music is being listened to by Lan 18 A new car is going to be bought by us next month 19 Breakfast is eaten at 6.30 by you every day 20 The house is cleaned by him every afternoon 21 The floor is being made by me at the moment 22 The wall is being painted by Linh now 23 The roof was fixed by him yesterday afternoon 24 A movie was seen by her last night 25 This book has been read once by me before 26 A play will be rehearsed by us this afternoon 27 Today, ten letters have been written by her 28 A few days ago, she was taken to school by her father 29 My homework will be done by me tonight 30 Her teeth are brushed at 6.00 am by her 31 His face is washed at 5.30 am by him 32 The housework is done by her after school 33 A kite is flown by him on Saturday mornings 34 A picture is being drawn by me now 35 A map is being read by him now 36 Volleyball is played by them every afternoon 37 Tennis was played by them last Sunday afternoon 38 Table tennis was being played by us at 4.30 yesterday afternoon 39 English was being studied by her when I came last night 40 Her bike is ridden to school by her every day Exercise three: Change the sentences below into the passive: I had a porter to carry my luggage I’m going to have a mechanic service my car I make my younger sister make the bed They didn’t let me answer the question People believe that have a lot of money He hates people lying to him Vương Văn Hùng, Lại Thượng, Thạch Thất, Hà Nội (SĐT: 0963201999) ENGLISH GRAMMAR You should have washed the car last night She usually gets me to her homework People say that the Vietnamese are friendly and hospitable 10 People knew that we graduated ten years ago 11 People believed that there would be a famine soon 12 People think that she’s kind and helpful 13 My parents used to make me the housework 14 Did they make you the cleaning ? 15 How often you have a barber cut your hair ? 16 I enjoy her giving me a kiss 17 Does he like your telling him stories before bedtime ? 18 I’ll have an architect design my new house 19 Did they let her smoke near the gas station ? 20 People said that English is an international language 21 Ba used to fly a kite last year 22 We ought to eat a moderate amount of food 23 The policeman let me go straight ahead 24 Her step-mother made her separate the rice from the husk 25 They must have broken the sun glasses Exercise four: Complete the following sentences using “need/want + Ving” “need/want to be done” The first one is done for you Your hair is too long → It needs/wants cutting → It needs/wants to be cut The room is very dirty (clean) The phone doesn’t work (fix) The garden is too bushy (clear) Oh! The shirt is too long (shorten) The cars are not very clean (wash) The room is very messy (tidy) The food is too cold (warm) Your radio doesn’t sound good (adjust) 10 The rice is too wet (dry) Exercise five: Complete sentences with “get + past participle” using the verbs in brackets I got …… in London a few years ago because I had never been there before (lose) They have decided to get ………… soon (engage) You will get ……… if you don’t work hard (fire) Did she get …… to her neighbor ? (marry) He usually gets ……… at six before going to school (dress) -The endVương Văn Hùng, Lại Thượng, Thạch Thất, Hà Nội (SĐT: 0963201999)