PHAT TRI^N NGU6N NHAN Ll/C NONG NGHI£P, NONG THON dVlETNAMHieNNAY Phi Van Hanh * Hien nay, ndng dan vkn la Iflc Ifldng ddng dao nha't trong xa hoi Viet Nam.. Hinh thanh chUdng trinh m
Trang 1PHAT TRI^N NGU6N NHAN Ll/C NONG NGHI£P, NONG THON
dVlETNAMHieNNAY
Phi Van Hanh *
Hien nay, ndng dan vkn la Iflc Ifldng ddng
dao nha't trong xa hoi Viet Nam Vi the,
ndng nghiep, nong dan va ndng thon la ndi
dung ed tam quan trong dae biet trong trong
sfl nghiep ddi mdi da't nfldc theo dinh hfldng
XHCN Giai quyet td't va'n de ndng nghiep,
ndng dan va ndng thon thflc sfl la chia khoa
dat tdi sfl phat trien ben vflng Nghi quyet
26- NQ TW ciia ban cha'p hanh Trung fldng
Dang kbda X ve ndng nghiep, ndng dan va
ndng thon la chu trfldng kip thdi va dung
luc Day la nghi quyet dUdc danh gia la cd
each nhin toan dien ve Knh vUe nong nghiep,
ndng thon va cuoc so'ng ciia ngfldi ndng dan
Trong dd, Nghi quyet da ehi ra; Tang cfldng
dao tao, boi dfldng kien thflc khoa hoc ky
thuat san xua't nong nghiep tien tien, hien
dai cho ndng dan; dao tao nghe cho bo phan
con em ndng dan de chuyen nghe, xua't khau
lao dong; dong thdi tap trung dao tao nang
cao kien thflc cho can bo quan ly, can bo cd
sd Hinh thanh chUdng trinh muc tieu qud'c
gia ve dao tao nghe, phat trien nguon nhan
liic; bao dam hang nam dao tao khoang 1
trieu lao ddng ndng thon
Thflc te d nfldc ta hien nay cd khoang 10
trieu ho ndng dan vdi hdn 30 trieu lao dong
trong do tuoi, nhflng mdi ed 17% trong sd'dd
dfldc dao tao chu yeu tbdng qua cae Idp tap
huan khuye'n ndng sd sai Trong so 16,5
trieu lao ddng t h a n h nien ndng thon dang can cd viec lam d'n dinh thi chi cd 12% to't nghiep pho thong t r u n g hoc, 3,11% cd trinh
do chuyen mdn ky t h u a t tfl t r u n g cap trd len (tha'p hdn 4 lan so vdi t h a n h nien dd thi) Vdi trinh do nhU vay khd cd the ap dung tien bo ky t h u a t trong san xua't ndng nghiep
ed flng dung cong nghe cao, dii sflc canh
t r a n h vdi hang hoa ndng san trong khu vflc
va cflng khd cd the tim dUde viec lam d trong cac doanh nghiep ddi hoi lao dong phai qua dao tao dat trinh do tay nghe cao Tinh trang nguon lao ddng trinh do tha'p, chUa dUde dao tao nghe, san xua't nhd le, phan tan, nang lUc flng dung khoa hoc cdng nghe
va flng dung vao thiic tien cdn h a n che cflng vdi sU thieu kien thflc tac phong va tinh ky luat, ky nang lao dong nen khd dap flng dfldc yeu cau ddi bdi cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ndng nghiep, ndng thon dan den thu nhap ciia lao ddng ndng thon cdn cd khoang each kha xa so vdi thu nhap lao dong d
t h a n h thi Day la nhflng rao can Idn nha't trong giai doan hien nay vdi nguon Iflc lao dong d ndng thon
Qua trinh dd thi hoa ndng thon dien ra vdi to'c do cao nhUng mang nang tinh tfl phat
Phi Van Hanh, Hoc vi?n Chinh tri Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
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Trang 2MOI TRlrtTNG KINH DOANH
nen cdng nghiep - dich vu ndng thon khd
phat trien; mdi trUdng tU nhien hi pha vd,
sinh thai ma't can bang; thu nhap ciia ndng
dan tuy dUde cai thien nbung cdn tha'p; sU
chenh lech gifla cac vung, gifla ndng thon va
do thi nay cang each xa Tac dong ciia qua
trinh mat da't va sfl thieu chuan hi viec
chuyen do'i nghe cho ndng dan da thuc day
tinh trang di dan tfl do tim viec lam d dd thi
hoac cac khu cdng nghiep d phia nam Nhieu
ndi, Iflc Ifldng lao dong d dong ruong da so'la
phu nfl, ngfldi gia va tre em Tfl dd d i n den
tinh trang san xua't ndng nghiep ba'p benh;
thu nhap tfl lao dong ndng nghiep khdng cd
lai nen ngfldi lao dong de dang coi nbe san
xua't tren dong ruong
Nguyen nhan chu yeu dan tdi cha't Ifldng
ngudn nhan Iflc d ndng thon tha'p, anh
hfldng den tien trinh phat trien chinh la do
mdi trfldng kinh te, van hda - xa boi ndng
thon chfla thflc sfl thay ddi Idn theo hfldng
phat trien ben vflng tren Id trinh cdng
nghiep boa - hien dai hoa Tren thflc te,
nen tang dau tien cua nguon nhan liic la
the trang va sflc khoe, day la ket qua td'ng
hdp cua nhieu nhan to: Mdi trfldng ve sinh,
cham sdc sflc khoe ban dau, che do dinh
dfldng, kham chfla benh, dieu kien the due,
the thad, hfldng t h u van boa hoe tap
Thflc te hien nay, nhflng yeu to' tren d
nhieu vung ndng thon chfla dfldc dam bao
nen the chat, sflc vdc ciia cfl dan ndng thon
kem hdn d dd thi Ty le tre em suy dinh
dfldng cao hdn, chieu cao va can nang trung
binh kem hdn Dieu nay chflng td chat
Ifldng lao dong ndng thon trong tfldng lai
cang kem hdn d thanh thi
Trdng khi dd, khu vUc ndng thon hien nay
dat chat, ngUdi ddng, binh quan dien tich
da't ndng nghiep tinh theo dau ngUdi thap
nen kha nang sii dung thdi gian lad dong d
nong thon cdn ban che, viec canh tac chu
yeu dfla vao lao dong thu cdng, lao dong lai
theo mua vu Day thiic sU la sU lang phi Idn Trong thiic te nhieu gia dinh ndng dan da phai dUa ngUdi ra thanh phd' de kiem them viec lam luc nong nhan Giai phap nay tuy giai quyet dUde va'n de viec lam trUde mat nhUng lai gay ra nhieu hau qua ve van de xa hoi ke ca viec sii dung tre em trong cac cdng viec nang nhoc d cac vung ndng thon Mat khac, tinh trang tren cung la nguyen nhan dong thdi cung la thu pham ciia khdng it te nan xa hoi dien ra d dia ban ndng thon trong nhflng luc ndng nhan, tao can trd khdng nhd trong tien trinh xay diing nong thon mdi
De phat trien nguon nhan lUc ndng thon vdi cha't lUdng ngay cang cao dap flng yeu cau cua nen ndng nghiep theo hfldng bien dai, xay dflng ndng thon van minh va tien bo trflde bet can cbdm lo phat trien ddng bd kinh te xa boi d ndng thon Chi cd nhfl vay mdi tao nhflng deu kien vat cha't can thiet cho viec nang cao chat Ifldng ngudn nhan Iflc Den Ifldt nd vdi cha't Ifldng mdi nguon nhan lUc se trd thanh dong lUc thuc day sii phat trien kinh te xa hoi tren chinh dia ban
bo sinh so'ng va san xua't
Phat trien nguon nhan liic cho ndng thon Viet Nam la nhiem vu lien quan den nhieu mat ddi song nhU thu nhap, mdi trUdng, giao due, y te va dao tao nghe, can cd sU tham gia eua nhieu nganh, nhieu ca'p tfl Trung fldng tdi dia phfldng Cdng tac phat trien nguon nhan Iflc ndng thon ciia nganh ndng nghiep
va phat trien ndng thon can tap trung vao cae linh vUc va boat ddng chinh sau :
Ve y te, giao due: trUdc het can tuyen truyen giao due va giup dd cU dan ndng thon
ve sflc khoe sinh san, dinh dfldng, cham sdc sflc khoe ban dau, xay diing cac cdng trinh
ve sinh mdi trUdng can ban, dam bao cho ngUdi dan ndng thon dfldc hUdng mot che do cham sdc y te dat chat lUdng vdi cac bien phap td'ng hdp nhU: dau tU cac trung tam y
te, nha ho sinh, be thong benh vien dia
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Trang 3[TOI MOI TRUDTNG KINH DOANH PHAT T R I ^ N N G U O N N H A N Li;c N O N G NGHIEP, NONG T H O N d NLfOC TA Ht$N NAY
phUdng bao gom ca cd sd ha tang, trang thiet
hi va doi ngfl can bo dam bao cha't lUdng
Thuc hien he trd mot phan bao hiem y te cho
cU dan ndng thon va 100% eho ddi tUdng
chinh sach, ddi tfldng khd khan Dong thdi,
khong the khdng quan t a m phat trien sii
nghiep giao due va dao tao d ndng thon Day
la nhan to' quyet dinh nang cao cha't lUdng
nguon nhan lUe TrUdc m l t , tang dau tU cho
giao due va dao tao bang nhieu nguon vd'n
huy dong khac nhau: ngan sach nha nUde,
ngan sach dia phUdng, eac td chflc, cae ca
nhan de xay dflng cd sd vat cha't - ky
thuat: trUdng Idp, trang thiet hi day va hoc
day dii cho hoc sinh nha't la vflng sau, vung
xa Da dang hoa hinh thflc dao tao, tao dieu
kien td't nhat eho moi ngUdi ve cd hoi hoe tap
nang cao trinh do hoc van, chuyen mdn ky
thuat Phan ludng dao tao hoc sinh sau
trung hoc cd sd, tao dieu kien cho eac em cd
the tim dfldc nganh nghe phu hdp vdi sflc
hoc va dieu kien kinh te cua gia dinh Nha
nfldc can c6 chinh sach bd trd cho hoe sinh
ngheo nong thon de cae em ed dieu kien hoe
len cao theo nang liic va nguyen vong Cac
dia phfldng can cd ke hoach dao tao nghe cho
ndng dan mot each phong phu phu hdp vdi
sfl phat trien cua vung mien, khu vflc, trong
dd coi trong cac nghe phuc vu tnic tiep sfl
phat trien cua ndng nghiep Cd chinh sach
khuyen khich ve da't dai, vd'n, khoa hoc cdng
nghe, thue eho eac thanh phan kinh te,
cong ddng dan cfl dau tU vao linh vUe dao tao
nghe; dac biet Uu dai cae doanh nghiep, ddn
vi sU dung lao dong trong va ngoai nUde tU
to' ebfle dao tao nghe
Nha nfldc tien hanh xay dflng bo giao
trinh chuan, quy trinh chuan, cung ca'p tai
lieu, phfldng tien giang day, dao tao can bo
giang day eho cac cd sd tren Tien hanh kiem
tra va giam sat cae cd sd dao tao ciia ca dia
phfldng, Trung fldng, tfl nhan, Xay dflng
tieu chuan, tien hanh thi tuyen va cap bang
ed gia tri qud'c te cho lao ddng xua't khau ke
ea d Knh vUc cdng nghiep va dich vu
To' chflc cac dich vu cung cap tbdng tin ve
ed hoi dao tao va thi trUdng nghe nghiep cho lao dong ndng thon, ca'p chflng ehi nghe gan vdi the lao dong cho ngfldi lao dong nong thon Xay dflng quy vay vd'n de giup ngUdi lao dong hoe nghe Ca'p hoe bd'ng hoc nghe eho cac ddi tUdng chinh sach, ndng dan d vung phai t h u hoi da't, cho ngUdi nghed khdng cd da't
Cd chinh sach dai ngo thoa dang nham thu hut Iflc Ifldng lao dong cd trinh do cao ve ndng thon Thiic te cho tha'y, nhflng lao dong Uu tfl nha't cua ndng thon sau khi hpc
d cac trUdng thUdng cd xu hUdng mud'n tim each d lai eac t h a n h phd' - ndi cd nhieu cd hoi tim viec lam va thu nhap cao va phat trien tri thflc
Do'i mdi cdng tac khuye'n nong theo hfldng
de to' chflc ciia ndng dan, ciia cong dong chii dong trong viec dinh hfldng tiep thu tien bo khoa hoe ky thuat, trong cdng tac danh gia hieu qua, danh gia ap dung khoa hoc cdng nghe, danh gia vai trd hieu qua ciia dich vu khuye'n ndng Tai vung khd k h a n bd trd xay dflng he thd'ng khuye'n ndng tfl nguyen do ndng dan dieu h a n h vdi sii trd giup ciia nha nUde Tai vung t h u a n ldi khuye'n khich xa hoi hoa dich vu ky t h u a t cd chi tra phi
- To chflc cae dich vu cung cap thong tin
ve cd hoi dao tao va thi trUdng nghe nghiep cho lao dong ndng thon, cap chflng chi nghe gan vdi the lao dong cho ngfldi lao ddng ndng thon Xay dflng quy vay vd'n de giflp ngfldi lao ddng hoc nghe Cap hoe bd'ng hoc nghe eho eac ddi tfldng chinh sach, ndng dan d vung phai t h u hoi da't, cho ngfldi ngheo khong cd da't
- Hd trd cae td chflc ndng dan cflng ddng gdp xay dflng cac quy dao tao nghe de chii dong to' chflc day nghe cho lao dong ndng
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Trang 4PHAT TRI^N NGUON NHAN LUC NONG NGHI$P, NONG THON 6 NLfOC TA HIEN NAY MOI TRUONG KINH DOANH Q j ^
thon c h u y e n r a khdi s a n xua't n o n g nghiep
de ho chu dong chon n g a n h nghe, chon
trUdng day n g h e , c h o n c a n bo de dao tao
- T a n g cUdng dao t a o lUc lUdng lao dong
tre d k h u viic n d n g t h o n , mot m a t d a p flng
yeu cau cua cac n g a n h n g h e ; m a t k h a c p h u c
v u yeu cau xua't k h a u lao dong, vdi tfl each
la n g u d n c u n g cap sflc lao ddng doi dao cho
cac Knh vflc k h a c n h a u ciia n e n k i n h te
Nhflng n a m vfla q u a cho tha'y Ifle Ifldng
xua't k h a u lao d o n g chii y e u tfl n d n g thdn
Day da v a d a n g la giai p h a p q u a n t r o n g de
giai quyet lao dong ddi dfl d n d n g t h o n dong
thdi g a n vdi cai t h i e n t h u n h a p va n a n g cao
t r i n h do t a y n g h e eho lao dong, k h i ngfldi
lao dong h e t hdp ddng se trd ve dia phfldng
da dfldc t r a n g bi k i e n thflc k h o a hoc ky
t h u a t n h a t d i n h
- Coi t r o n g c h i n h sach d a u tfl p h a t trien
ket ca'u b a t a n g n o n g thdn, k h o n g ngflng md
rong eac loai h i n h dich vu, p h a t t r i e n n g a n h
nghe tao r a n h i e u cdng a n viec lam, n a n g
cao t h u n h a p eho ngfldi lao ddng, lam ed sd
de cai t h i e n moi m a t cho n g u o n n h a n Iflc d ndng t h d n gdp p h a n q u a n trong thflc hien
t h i n g ldi N g h i q u y e t 26-NQ/T.U' cua Ban chap b a n h T r u n g fldng D a n g kbda X./
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
• Nghi quyet so 26-NQ/T.U, ngay 8 thang 5 nam 2008 ve nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon" Ban chap hanh Trung Udng Dang khoa X
• ChUdng trinh hanh dong cua Chinh phii thUc hien Nghi quyet Hoi nghi lan thfl 7 Ban Chap hanh TW Dang khoa X ve nong nghiep, nong dan, nong thon, Thang 8 / 2008
• Tong cue Thong ke (2006-2008), Men gidm
thong ke cac nam 2005,2006, 2007
• Quyet dinh so 201/2001/QD cua Thu tUdng Chi'nh phu ngay 28 thang 12 nam 2001 ve viec phe duyet "Chien lUOc phat trien giao due 2001-2010"
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