Xây dựng quy trình giáo dục kỹ năng tự bảo vệ cho trẻ 5 6 tuổi theo tiếp cận trải nghiệm ở trường mầm non

E 3t&.3r )-6 - j4 ISSN: 2354-0753 Tap chi Gieo duc (2022),22122\,26-31 xAvo6c Qr,ryrRiNH GTAODUC xi NAncr$P$O vE SIro rRE THEO TITP CAN TRAINGHIEM OTRI'C'NGMAMNON LE Thi Thanh Hu6* Nguy6n rhl rhanir Huydn Truong Dei hqc Su ph4m - Dqi hgc Ema i I : hue ln@nue edu.vn ThAd s-6 ruol Nguy6n Rereived: 06112022 ABSTRACT AcrEplr,d:281812022 Self-protection skills education for 5-6-year-old children in kindergartens in the Northem mountrinous area of Vietnam has been implemented in many different forms, including experiential activities, and has initially achieved certain results, but the eliciency is not high The content development of these educational activities is mainly designed by the teachers themselves Ptblished:20lll DAZ Keyrvords Self-proiection skill, experiential approach, preschool, experience, Northem mountainous area without any specific guiding process, causing conftsion in the implementation process Therefore, the author conducted this study with the aim ofproposing a process ofself-protection skills education for 5-6-year-old children using the experiential approach in kindergartens with *re research scope being the mountainous area in the north of Vietnam and taking into account the suitability to the local contexl thercby determining the necessary conditions for dre successfirl implementation ofthis Md iIAu Giai doan 5-6 tuiii ld giai tlo4n tre tlang hinh nhtng 916 tri nhin crich, gidu tri tuong tr.rqng, ham hi6u biii! ttrich kh-im ph6, tim toi Jng cdn rhiiiu hl6u Siilt sau sic vd xi trdi, ttriiiu kinh nghiQm s6ng, d6 bi.roi yno nhfrng tinh hu6ng nguy hi€m, khdng an toan Vigc girio duc kl nang nr bdo vQ (KNTBV) cho tre d lua tu6i nny gitip nhanh nhay rimg ph6 voi nhtng hoan canh brit lqr nguy hiem co khd ning thich img vi ch6ng chgi vti'i mqi bi€n dQng xa hQi, biCt tu khdng tllnh minh cugc s6ng ld rit cin thi€t iuy nhi6n, d khu qrc mi€n nrii phia Bic, da s5 tre em li nguoi den tOc thiiSu Ei; truong mim non tluo c chia nhidu di6m truong nh6 tl6ng d cric th6n ban; thiiiu GV vd co so vit chit; tt em thuong hoc cdc lop ghdp dO tui5i, it duo c hai nghiQm c6c hoat ttQng g6n voi thuc t6 xi hQi dii nhan dien nguy co kh6ng an toin vd phdng tninh ViQc xAy dgng quy trinh gi6o dqc KNTBV cho tre 5-6 tudi theo ti6p can tnii nghiQm (TCTN) d truog mim non ktru vr,rc miEn nti phia nic se giup CV xiic dinh tluo c cric budc tiir chrirc ho4t tlQng gi6o duc KNTBV cho fie 5-6 tudi theo TCTN mot c6ch hieu que Thdng thudng, c6c hoat tlOng tlugc t6 chric tudng mam non bl chi phdi bdi muc ri6u cta chuong trinh gi6o duc St dung ho4t tlQng trai nghiQm 116 tich hqp muc ti6u girlo dqc rnim non ctng ld y6u cAu bric thi6t ddhuong di:n phAt fi6n neng \rc cua t€ (Hoang Thj Phuong, 2016) Can c6 kil hoach ctng nhu quy trinh t6 chuc ho4t aQng tnii nehiQm cno nt mAm non mQt cilch hoan chinh voi c6c thdnh phin.c6u truc 16 rang, cp-th,5 moi tl6p tmg duop yOu cau cua thuc ti6n girio dgc mim non hiQn (Nguy6n Manh TuAn vi Hodng Thi Phuong, 2017) Khi rhgc hi6.n quy trinh, KNTBV cta tr6 sE iluqc hinh thanh, rdn luyQn, crlng c6 vd ph6t rien m6i tnrong trai nghiQm Voi ddc tht cua girio dgc mdm non khu vgc mi6n niri phia Bdc, quy trinh t6 chric ho4t tlQng c6n dugc xiy dmg pht hqp voi hii criLnh cua tlia phuong nghia ld vi€c lua cho n nQi dung, c6ch thi6t k0 ho4t tlQng, phuong phdp, hinh thuc t6 chric grdo dqc KNTBV cho tre phAi gdn voi-tl4c tli6m ph6t tri6n, nhu cdu, khd nang, kinh ;ghiem ;6ng diau kiqn s5ng l,5i song cua trer voi kha nang tham gia hd Fq cta gia dinh vi cQng dting: voi ning lgc cua CV; ptrir trqp voi tlitiu ki€ n co sd vit ch6t ftr,rc tri cia nhd tn rong; voi di6u kiqn nr nhi6n, K T-)G{ cta dia phucmg Bdi b6o nghi€n cuu vd tl6 xutt quy trinh girio duc KNTBV cho tr€ 5-6 tu6i theo TCTN o trudng mam non voi ph4m vi nghi€n cuu ld khu ruc mi€n nrii phia Bic vd c6 tinh tl6n sq phi hgp voi b6i cdnh tlia phuong, nr d6 xdc tlinh crlc aiAu tlen can tirl6t aii thgc hiQn trlt quy trbh ndy $ K6t quA nghiOn crim Khii qudt vi gitio dyc ki ndng ry b,io ve cho tti 5-6 tu6i theo fiifo cQn trdi nghiQm t trutng mim non 2.t.1.Kfuiini,m"fi.rbdov€","kindngtlrbdov€","rrdinghiQmvdgidodttckindngtvbdovitheotiapcsn trai nghiim" Theo Poche yi y (l?88): F.bdo vQ" li.phrinimcrmOl :iich T toan bi ti6m 6n nguy co ho6c mdt ke quay ror m em uep"0:c cen I u Dao ve rir dong tluii co ngutin g6c tu bin nturg sinh ton c0a dong vdt khong gtan 2.1 26 VJE Tap chi Gi6o duc (2022), 22(22), 2il31 ISSN:2354-0753 s6ng tl6ng q boi quy lu4t "manh tluoc y6u thua", ld phriLn xa tr; nhi6n tlLmg tru6c hi6m hoa doi voi ben than (Nguy6n Ngqc DiQn, 2017) Trong moi hoan c.inh, hr bio vd ld tu che chd tu bdo ve l6y minh, nr minh git liy minh, ch6ng lai su xdm hai cua ke kh6c (Hoang Phe 2004) - nghr-a ld chu th6 hay ci nhin nio d6 cin c6 nh;ng kidn thuc, nhtng c6ch rlng xt phir hoo nhAt nhirng hoan canh nhAt dinh di3 tu bao v€ 6y hen fian v!y, q iao v€ ld g1n cho ban th6n tninh khoi nhtng miii nguy hitim nhu bi rrin thuong vC ttrii, ctr6t troac tinh *ran Til tl6, c6 th6 xric itinh rang, *KNTBV' li su thuc hi6n c6 k6t quri mQt hdnh tlQng hay hoat tl6ng tu brio v6 bnng crich vin dung nhrng tri thric, kinh nghiem tld c6 cua cd nhan mot cich hgp li, linh hoar vao cic tinh hudng khric d€ dat dugc muc tieu git cho ben hdn duoc an !o,ur va rhe chdt vd rinh rhan KNTBV cua rre can duoc hieu mot cech dAy dll, bao g6m m4l Tu b o ve ,in thl (brio v6 sric khoe thi! chitl - nhtng K nang tli.i b6o vd co thd duoc an toan vii tlr€ ch6t 6i rin cong uing vt lq.c, bi ngd b! chdy mdu bi rai nan , 1; nt bdo v4 fiin thin (brio v6 sric khoe t6m li xd.h6i) - nhtng ki ndng cin thi€t d6 rmg ph6 voi nhAng kh6 khen tam I va tinh c6m m6i quan h€ voi cha m9 *riy co ban be vd nhring nguoi xung quanh 1UN ICEF Vigt Nam 201 8) Cdc truong hoo crin van dung ki nbng bdo vf d€ ban thdn duoc an toin co ci cdc tinh hudng nguy hiem khdn cip bit ngo xiy vd ca nhing nguy co ti6m 6n mit an toan ldiu hi6u nhan bi6t co 4,3 bang giac quan, bang suy tlo,ini KNTBV cua tre duoc hinh thnnh gin li6n voi c6c tinh huiing thuc ti6n vi xu6t ph6t tu ttruc ti6n Chi xu6r hicn tinh hu6ng, tse moi c6 phen xa ve hanh dQng brio v6 bd.n thin minh dua tr€n kinh nghi6m sin c6 Song, dii c6 duoc kinh nghiQm te buQc phti nii nghiCm thuong xuy6n voi m6i tnrong xung quanh Con nguoi tnii nghi6m tlii phuc vu lai cho cuQc srlng cua minh Theo Pham.Minh Hac 12013), chring ta iong ttrqrc [], mo d6i th6ng tin voi tltuc tai nhd chlng ta thu duoc nhtng ki€n thtc va kinh nghi€m s6ng cho rieng bdn thdn chung ta Nho nguoi sC tu hoan thien minh, cai tao duoc thuc tai vd sdng tiit D6i voi tre nhd, trai nghi€m c6 th(i h thu tl6ng ho4c chir ddng Tnii nghi€m thu tl6ng ld nhtng hoat tlQng cuQc sdng hang ngdy t€ tluoc tham du Trai nghi6m cht tl6ng la tnii nghi6m ngudi lon tao bao g6m tnii nghigm tinh hu6ng gid ilinh vi tr6i nghiem cu6c s6ng thr;c YQy, tdi nghiqm ld qu6 trinh tre tham gia, tiiip xric truc tigP voi c6c su vdt, hiQn hrong vir cric hoar dong *ruc ti6n khdc cta m6i trudng xung quanh, qua tl6 chi€m linh ki€n tllirc, hinh vd phit tri6n ki n6ng cria bdn Srdn Girlo dgc KNTBV cho tre 5-6 tudi theo TCTN ld mdt phuong thuc gi6o dqc tlem lai hi€u qu,i cao, girip tre d6 dang gin ti tuen vOl thuc tian, dam beo cho ki nang vua c6 tinh b€n vtng, ura c6 tinh micn nghi cao voi mOi^tn rong Do do, gkio duc WTBV cho lri 5-6 tuiii theo TCTN d tnnng mimnon ld qud trinh td chuc hoat tlong cho m tluoc tham gia,.d6p xric tnrc ti6p.voi c6c su vat, hi6n hrorrg vd cric hoat tl6ng thuc ti6n khda cua m6I truorg xung quanh nhlm thuc hi6n c6 k6t qu.i hanh d6ng hay hoat tl6ng tu brio vQ mQt c6ch hqp li, linh hoat tt6 giir cho ban thdn duoc an oan v€ rhd ctrdt r a rinh thin 2.1 Muc tiia vd n6i dung giao duc ki ndng tu bdo vi cho tri 5-6 tuiii theo tdp cdn trdi nghi€.m Muc ti6u gi6o duc KNTBV cho trd 5{ nr6i theo TCTN o c6c truong mAm non nhim: irang bi cho tre kien thtc brtur d6 nhen di€n duo c cric yiiu t6 vi nguy co giy m6t an toan cho bim thAn m6i truong qr nhi€n vd x6 h6i dan8; hinh ttrar*r cho trd c6c KNTBV can tfrliit a6 phOng fttnh vd xt tri nltng tinh huong nguy hi6m cu6c $ s6ng xriy voi bin thin; tao m6i tnrong phong ph[, moi m6 nhwrg gan gui uoi thuc ti6n, girip tre thu, rinh tich cuc tham gia hoat d6ng tldng thoi tao cho tre co h6i tluoc trao dOi, ct'' r niot ngttigm voi Tir