10 adverbial clauses conditionals (1)

10 Adverbial Clauses Conditionals ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Adverbial Clauses ❖A dependent clause introduced by an adverbial subordinator ❖Used to modify the verb of the independent clause ➔ functioning as an.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Adverbial Clauses ❖ A dependent clause introduced by an adverbial subordinator ❖ Used to modify the verb of the independent clause ➔ ❖ functioning as an adverb Many types: time, place, manner, condition, etc Adverbial Clauses TIME after following the time that… as while when… as soon as immediately at or instantly after the time that… before earlier than the time when… since from that time/moment until up to the time of… when a point in time/short duration whenever at any time while longer duration of time Adverbial Clauses Tense sequence with adverbial clauses of time ❖ To talk about past or present ➔ use the same tense as in the independent clause I normally look after the children while she’s practicing When she heard the result, she was overjoyed ❖ To talk about future ➔ use present Wait here until you are ready to go Adverbial Clauses Tense sequence with adverbial clauses of time ❖ To talk about an action completed before another described in the independent clause ➔ perfect verb forms use simple or As soon as you see/ have seen her, come and tell me She wrote to me after she spoke/ had spoken to Kim COMPARE: After I have written this book, I’m having a holiday (rather than I WRITE – WHY? ) Turn off the lights as you leave (not YOU HAVE LEFT) When I saw Jim, I asked him over for dinner.(not HAD ASKED) Adverbial Clauses anywhere PLACE DISTANCE/ FREQUENCY MANNER everywhere any place wherever where a definite place as + adverb + as make a comparison as as if/ as though in the way/manner that/like… Adverbial Clauses REASON as because since for the reason that… phrase + that so + adj + that RESULT with the result that so + adv + that such a(n) (+adj) + n PURPOSE in order that so that for the good of Adverbial Clauses although CONCESSION/ even though CONTRAST though STRONG CONTRAST in spite of the fact that whereas while direct opposition as long as if CONDITION provided/ providing under the condition that… unless whether Adverbial Clauses Reducing adverbial clauses Retain BEFORE A student should consider some factors BEFORE choosing a major ❖ Retain SINCE when it refers to time SINCE moving to the U.S., Carlos has not been back home (Since Carlos moved…)s Coming from a conservative family, Carlos was shocked at the U.S system of coed dormitories (Since/As Carlos came…) ❖ Delete AS when it refers to time Getting used to the way of life here, he became less homesick ❖ Delete all subordinators referring to reason ❖ Retain AFTER, WHEN and WHILE when the reduced form follows the independent clause WHILE preparing for the TOEFL, he lived with a family Preparing for the TOEFL, he lived with a family He lived with a family WHILE preparing for the TOEFL ❖ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Examples If I become President, I will end the war – Hillary Clinton If I became President, I would end the war – a student If I were you, I wouldn’t that I’d appreciate it if you wouldn’t smoke Would you be so kind as to shut the door? If I had finished work earlier, I would have gone to the movie Overview ❖ Alternatives to IF ❖ Assuming ❖ But for ❖ Even if, only if ❖ On condition that ❖ Or else ❖ Otherwise ❖ Provided, providing ❖ So long as, as long as ❖ Suppose, supposing ❖ Unless ❖ What if Overview Three types of conditionals Zero Present Simple + Present Simple If you press this button, the engine stops First Present Simple + will Inf If she rings this evening, I’ll let you know Second Past Subjunctive + would Inf What would you if you became President? Third Past Perfect + would have p.p If I hadn’t seen her, she’d had drowned Type-0 Conditionals ❖ Present Simple + Present Simple ❖ One thing always follows automatically from another… ❖ If the door bell rings, the dog barks ❖ If you add twelve and fifteen, what you get? ❖ IF = WHEN Type-1 Conditionals ❖ Present Simple + Will-Infinitive ❖ Open conditions; likely conditions in present and future If it rains, the reception will take place indoors If we don’t hurry, we won’t get there in time If we’re having a party, we’ll have to invite the neighbors If he won’t do, there’s nothing we can about it (=refusal) If you’ll just sign here, thank you If you will drive so fast, you must expect to have accidents (= insistence) Type-2 Conditionals ❖ Past Subjunctive + Would-Infinitive ❖ Unlikely/Unreal conditions in present and future If I had lots of money, I’d travel around the world I’d tell you the answer if I knew what it was Supposing we were to win the lottery, how would you spend the money? Would it be alright if I brought a friend? If the sun were shining, everything would be perfect If you’d just sign here, please Thank you Type-3 Conditionals ❖ Past Perfect+ Would-perfect ❖ Unlikely/Unreal conditions in past If you’d taken the taxi, you’d have been here on time If I could’ve warned you in time, I’d have done If you hadn’t woken me up in the night, I wouldn’t feel so tired now If Tom were ambitious, he’d have found himself a better job years ago If you know London so well, you wouldn’t have got so hopelessly lost Special Cases ❖ If it were not for the weather, we’d have gone out hours ago ❖ If it had not been for Helen’s help, we’d never have got there on time ❖ Without her help, I would never have got where I wanted ❖ But for your help, we’d never have managed ❖ If it were not for + N ❖ If it had not been for + N ❖ Without + N ❖ But for + N Inversions ❖ Should it rain, the reception will take place indoors ❖ Were I to have lots of money, I’d travel around the world ❖ Had you taken a taxi, you’d have been here on time ❖ Had it not been for you, we’d never have got there on time  ... time/short duration whenever at any time while longer duration of time Adverbial Clauses Tense sequence with adverbial clauses of time ❖ To talk about past or present ➔ use the same tense as... To talk about future ➔ use present Wait here until you are ready to go Adverbial Clauses Tense sequence with adverbial clauses of time ❖ To talk about an action completed before another described... as if CONDITION provided/ providing under the condition that… unless whether Adverbial Clauses Reducing adverbial clauses Retain BEFORE A student should consider some factors BEFORE choosing