BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUING DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN CO THI MINH TAM PHU MIMH (lA\MG NAMHJ CO TRUYIM Chuyen nganh lich sir Viet Nam Ma so 5 03 15 LUAN AN THAC SI K[.]
BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI T R U I N G DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN CO THI MINH TAM PHU MIMH (lA\MG NAMHJ CO TRUYIM Chuyen nganh lich sir Viet Nam Ma so: 03.15 LUAN AN THAC SI KHOA HOC LICH SLf Ngudi hudng dan khoa hoc PGS-PTS NGUYEN QUANG NGOC M.- Ha Noi 1998 BANG CAC C H C V I E T TAT TK: The ky CN: Cong nguyen M.S.T.t.p : MSU, sao, thudc, tac, phan NXB: Nha xuat ban KHXH : Khoa hoc xa hoi TC: Tap chi DTH : Dan toe hoc NCLS: Nghien culi Lich sir TT LTQG I : Trung tarn luu trir Quoc gia I LV: Luan van TL KLS : Tu Heu khoa Lich sir DHTH : Dai hoc T6ng hop DHKHXH&NV: Dai hoc Khoa hoc xa hoi & nhan van VHTT: Van hoa thong tin MUG LUG M6 DAU Y nghla khoa hgc va tinh thuc ti6n cua di tai 01 Lich sir van d^ 03 Cac nguon tu lieu 07 D6'\ tugng va phuang phap nghien cuii 08 K6't qua va dong gop cua luan an 09 Bo cue cua luan an 10 NOI DUNG CHUt)NG Vj tri dja ly, dieu ki6n tU nhien va qua trinh hinh thanh, phat tri^n ciia Phii Ninh ( lang Nanh) 13 1.1 Vi tri dja ly, d\iu kien tu nhien 13 1.2 Qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua lang 20 Tieu ket chuang 35 CHUONG Tinh hinh kinh te 2.1 Tinh hinh mgng da't v6i nghe nong a 37 P^^^^ Ninh 39 2.1.1 Tinh hinh mgng dat 39 2.1 Tinh hinh phat trien nong nghiep 52 2.2 Kinh t€ thii cong nghifp c6 tmyen 54 2.2.1 Nghedet 55 2.2.2 Nghe che bien thuoc nam 60 2.2.2.1 Nghe sen 63 2.2.2.2 Nghe long nhan 64 2.3 Thirong nghiep 65 Tieu ket chuang 72 CHUONG T6 ehiic hanh chinh va ur tri cua lang 75 3.1 T chiic hanh chinh 76 3.1.1 Cu dan va lang xom 76 3.1.2 B6 may hanh chinh 83 3.2 Cac t6 chiic tu tri ciia lang 86 3.3 Ket cau chinh tri - xa hoi lang Nanh 93 Tilu ket chuang 96 CHUONG Van hoa truyen thong Phij Ninh 97 4.1 Dien mao van hoa vat chat lang Phii Ninh 98 4.1.1 Thach Sang 100 4.1.2 Nhirngngoichua 101 4.1.3 NhiJng ngoi dinh ^ 107 4.1.4 NhCrng ngoi den mie'u 112 4.2 Ton giao tin nguong 118 4.3 Giao due khoa bang 122 4.4 Li hoi dan gian 125 4.4.1 Hoi chiia Nanh 126 4.4.2 Hoi Dai 128 4.4.3 Hoi thi det 130 4.4.4 Cac 16 hoi khac 131 4.5 Cactucle 134 Tie'u ket chuang 136 KET LUAN 137 TAI LIFU THAM KHAO 141 IMIU LUC MCJ DAU L Y NGHIA KHOA HOC VA TINH THUC TifiN CUA DE TAI : Lang xa eo truyin tit lau da la moi quan tam Ion cua xa hoi noi chung va cua cac nha nghidn curu khoa hgc lich su noi rieng C6 van Pham Van Dong da noi : "Vd cai lang lich su nude ta, thi c6 bid't bao chuydn ly thu dang noi ma cac nha su hgc, xa hoi hgc dang day cong tim toi va nghien curu nham rut nhiJng bai hgc CO gia tri hien thuc cho nay" (88:65) Tijf bao defi nay, hinh anh cay da, gieng nude, mai dinh nhung luy tie xanh luon la nhung bi^u tugng ve mot lang que truydn thong, nai nhung nguofi dan Viel da tirng cung chung lung da'u cat khai hoang md da't, dip de ,1am thuy Igi, tr6ng Ilia, mau chia se giiip da kho khan hoan nan, chung vui cugc s6ng binh va sat canh ben danh giac giu lang, giir nuofc Trong lich sir lau dai ciia dan toe ta, lang Viet luon luon la mot dan vi ca so bao gom nhiSu to va li6n ket v6i dua tren quan he lang gieng ciing quan he huye't thd'ng, tao nen mot ket ca'u vung chac tmdc nhiJng bien dgng cua tu nhien va xa hoi Co the noi, lang la mot te bao cua dat nu6c , la mot cong dong ben vung , la mot phao dai gin giu nen doc lap Lang luon phat trien theo nhilng qui luat chung dong thcfi van mang minh tinh da dang va het sufc phiic tap Lang la mot san pha'm ciia lich sijf va qua trinh phat trien ,lang cung luon luon thu nhan nhiJng ddi thay ciia Ijch sir Bai vay, lang chinh la doi tugng nghien cuu ciia khoa hgc lich sir Sir hgc nghien cun ve lang xa la de nhan thiic sau sac ban cha't cung nhu qua trinh tien hoa va vai tro ciia no sir phat trien xa hoi, nhin nhan nhiJng mat tich cue va tieu cue ciia lang xa d5i song vat chat, tinh than ciia cu dan Viet Viec nghien ciJii lang gop phan bo sung them tu lieu nham tlm hieu dai song thuc su ciia nhan dan lao dgng, nhung dieu hau nhu khong dugc ghi chep sir sach xua, tir CO dugc cai nhln toan dien, diing dan va chinh xac ve lich sir dat nirac Nhu vay de hie'u v6 lich su Viet Nam, ve tinh each nguai Viet Nam, tfnh cong dong cu dan Viet Nam va cac di san van hoa Viet Nam thi nha't thiet phai nghien cuii ve lang xa Viet Nam e6 truy6n Hien a nude ta, n6n nong nghiep v6i nhung nguai nong dan van chiem vi tri quan trgng va eo vai tro to Ion Viec cai tao lang xa cii de xay dung nong thon mai xa hdi chii nghla dang la mot van de eo vi tri quan trgng hang dau ciia da't nu6c Di giai quye't dung hudng va'n de thi viec di sau tim hi^u ve tiJng lang xa cu the lam ca sef di phan tich, tong hgp va c6 mot cai nhin bao quat ve lang xa Viet Nam c6 truyen la mot va'n de khoa hgc ma cac nha sir hgc, xa hoi hgc dang rat quan tam Bdi VI, chi CO nghien ciJu mot each khoa hgc va toan dien m6i eo the xac dinh dugc nhung dac diem ciia tiJng lang xa, tiJ lam noi ro vai tro, vi tri ciia lang xa c6 truyen viec xay dung mot nong thon mai van minh , hien dai ma van giu dugc nhung truyen thong tot dep, cot each, ban sac van hoa ciia nguai Viet Nam Chgn de tai : " Phii Ninh ( lang Nanh ) c6 truyen", chiing toi muon di sau khai thac cac khia canh : dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi ciia mot lang que nam viing Kinh Bac giau tmyen thong van hoa va phat trien manh ve cong thuong , lai gan v6i kinh Thang Long, tiung tam chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa ciia ca nu6c Lang Phii Ninh la mot viing dat noi tieng c6 nen kinh te phat trien tir lau ddi vdi cac nghe thii cong tmyen thong nhu det vai, che bien thuoc nam va mot khu chg lang luon dong vui, tap nap hien van dang ton tai va phat trien Co the noi day la mot lang que c6 tmyen kha tieu bieu a viing dong bang Bac Bg vai nhiJng ngoi chua eo kinh, nhung mai dinh reu phong tram mac, v6i rat nhieu nhiJng tu lieu van luu giu tren bia da, chuong dong, than pha , sSc phong, dja ba va ngu6n tu lieu truyen mieng phong phii, sinh dgng in dam ky uc dan gian Day la ca sa cho viec nghien curu, tim hieu ve nhung hocit dgng kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi qua trinh ton tai va phat trien ciia lang La m6t ngUofi lam c6ng tac quan ly cac di tich lich su - van hoa Thii do, chiing t6i mong mudn tiJ thuc ti^n sinh d6ng cua mot lang que cu the a ngoai Ha Noi nit nhung nhan dinh ban dau ve cac moi quan he cong dong lang xa va nhiJng tac dgng ciia cac moi quan he dai song xa hoi Hon the niJa, de c6 the lam tot cong tac giiJ gin, phat huy va chan van hoa dan toe, day manh sir phat trie'n kinh te', xa hoi yeu cau cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuac thi viec nghien curu, tim hieu ro gia tri cua timg to lien ket va tao cong dong lang xa la mot dieu het siJc can thiet, giiip cho viec hoach dinh cac chinh sach m6i xay dung va quan ly nong thon dugc dua tren ca sa viJng chac tir nhung truyen th6ng lau dcri ciia cha 6ng LICH SLTVAN DE : Viec tim hieu , dieu tra ve lang xa Viet Nam da dugc sir chii y ciia nhieu nha nghien ciiii va ngoai nu6c tiJ hang tram nam Song phai tiJ cuoi the ky XIX, thuc dan Phap tien hanh cugc chien tranh danh chiem Bac ky thi cac chuyen khao mang tinh khoa hgc cua cac hgc gia Phap m6i thuc sir xuat hien, vai miic dich chinh la cung cap nhiJng hieu biet ve dai song xa hoi lau dai ciia nu6c ta, nham phuc vii cho cac chinh sach ho ciia thuc dan Phap a Viet Nam Tir sau chien tranh The gi6i thiJ nhat den nam 1945, viec nghien cun ve lang xa Viet Nam da dugc quan tam v6i sir tham gia ciia nhieu cac nha sir hgc, dan tgc hgcnghien ciJu van hgc, dia ly hgc va tren nhieu ITnh virc da dang , phiic tap Tieu bieu nhat la tap sach Viet Nam phong tuc ciia Phan Ke Binh v6i noi dung di sau vao cac tap quan xira ciia lang xa Ben canh la mot so bai viet ciia Nguyen van Huyen va nhung nguai khac, c6 ca cac tac gia Phap nhu P.Ory , P.Gouru Cac tac pha'm eo tinh chat khao cuu kha cong phu va chii yeu nham phe phan nhiJng phong tuc tap quan Lie hau, 16i thai ciia cac viing que Viet Thcfi ky ti6p sau viec nghien curu tie'p tuc dugc di sau va ma r6ng, n6i bat la Vii Quoc Thiic v6i luan an Tie'n si de tai Kinh telang xa Viet Nam va tac gia Toan Anh v6i cu6n Lang xom Viet Nam Sau thang Igi ciia cugc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap 1945, ivudc yeu cau d6i m6i ciia cong cugc xay dung chu nghla xa hoi va hoan each mang giai phong dan tgc, viec nghien curu lang xa dugc day manh hon v6i nhieu tac pham theo quan diem Mac xit, nhu Xa thon Viet Nam cua Nguyen Hong Phong, Che rugng dAi va kinh tenong nghiep thdiLe sa cua Phan Huy Le Dac biet , tiJ cuoi nhiJng nam 1970 tra lai day, lang xa Viet Nam da thuc su tra de tai thu hiit sir nghien curu ciia nhieu nha su hgc , dan tgc hgc , xa hoi hgc tren nhieu khia canh khac Cong tiinh khoa hgc day dan va sau sac dau tien chinh la hai tap Nong thon Viet Nam lich 5f/ciia nhieu tac gia va ngoai Vien Sir hgc Day la cuon sach da thuc su ''dem lai mot loi nhin, mot each danh gia diing ve vai tro cua lang xa, ciia nong dan lich sir tien hoa ciia Cach mang Viet Nam" (118:10) Dong thdi hai tap sach cung da cung cap cho nguai dgc nhieu tu lieu, nhieu quan diem Hch sir mai , toan dien va diing dan Thdi gian sau xua't hien mot loat cac cudn sach, cac chuyen de , cac luan an, luan van di sau vao timg khia canh ciia lang xa nhu van de rugng dat, cac thiet che lang xa, cac moi quan he giiJa lang xa vdi quoc phong, nhiing phong tuc tap quan tin ngudng, nhiJng sinh hoat van hoa tinh than , nhiJng van de ve ket cau kinh te - xa hoi, ve cac kien triic CO truyen hoac cd tinh cha't tong hgp nhu cac lang nghe, lang buon ciia ra't nhieu cac tac gia nhu : Phan Huy Le, Phan Dai Doan, Tran Quoc Vugng, Ha Van Tail, Truang Hiru Quynh, Trin TiJ, Nguyen Diic Nghinh, Diep Dinh Hoa, Nguyen Quang Nggc tren nhieu tcip chi Nghien curu Lich sir, Dan tgc hgc, Nghien cuu Van hoa Nghe thuat, Luat hgc Nhin chung, lich sir nghien cuu lang xa Viet Nam cd mot qua trnih lau dai va da dat dugc nhieu tuu, nhat la may chuc nam trd lai day Cac cong trinh nghien curu da cung ca'p dugc nhilu tu lieu mdi, nhieu nhan dinh eo gia tri, gop phan nang cao nhan thurc ve lang xa Viet Nam , tao ti6n de va dinh hudng diing dan cho viec nghien curu lang xa hien tai va tuang lai Tren day la lich su nghien ciJu chung ve lang xa Viet Nam Con vdi doi tugng chinh ciia luan an la lang Phii Ninh c6 tmyen ( thuoc xa Ninh Hiep, huyen Gia Lam, Ha Noi ) thi viec nghien curu, dieu tra ciing da dugc tien hanh tiJ lau va tren nhiJng gdc khac Liic dau chi la nhiJng cugc dieu tra cd tinh chat tdng hgp ciia nhieu lang xa viing dong bang Bac bg nhu cac cuon dja ba, cac ban bao cao djnh ky ciia cac ly trudng theo qui djnh chung Tap sach nhd budc dau di sau vao ddi sdng kinh te , tinh than ciia lang Nanh la nhdm ngudi lang Nanh tap hgp '' Phii Ninh tuang te hoi " d Sai Gdn xuat ban nam 1970 vdi dau de Ve tham lang PhO Ninh Mot ban tap hgp mang tinh khoa hgc va tdng hgp la Lich sir Ninh Hiep trirdc Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945 cua tap the can bg va sinh vien nam thir tu khoa Ljch su - trudng Dai hgc Su pham Ha Noi I Dac biet, nhiJng nam gan day, ciing vdi su chuyen minh di len ciia dat nude, lang c6 Phii Ninh - la xa Ninh Hiep da cd nhieu ddi thay nhung cung van giiJ lai nhieu dac diem rieng mang tinh truyen thong , trd ddi tugng nghien cirii ciia nhieu nganh khoa hgc xa hoi Ngoai nhiJng bai viet nho di vao tiJng khia canh khac ciia cugc song ddi thudng ma chii yeu la ve kinh te , van hoa nhu : Ke chuyen lang Nanh ciia Trin Danh Bang, Ghe lai Thach Sang, Tham Tirvu Tra ve chua Ca ciia Dang Van Lung, Dinh chua Ninh Hiep ciia Hoang Tru, Chua Dai - mot dau tich van hoa lich sir lau ddi ciia Kieu Thu Hoach , Ong Pho ngil y Nguyen Khac Hoat ciia Nguyen Khac Quynh dang tren cac bao , cac Tap chi , cd nhiJng chuyen de , nhiing nghien cilrii mang tinh khoa hgc nhu Luan van tot nghiep ciia sinh vien Trdn Le Thanh, khoa 19, khoa Lich sir, trudng Dai hgcTdng hgp vdi de tai :'' Nghe det d Phii Ninh" viet ve mot nghe truyen thong da timg mot thdi noi tieng va la ca sd cho sir phat trien ciia chg Nanh - mot chg vai Idn van ton tai cho den Viec tap hgp, dap va phien am dich nghla van bia lang Nanh cua Dinh Khac Thuan da gidi thieu n6i dung gin 70 ta'm bia Idn nho vdi nien dai trai dai tiJ thdi Le Tmng sang de'n thdi Nguyen cd y nghTa khoa hgc viec phan anh ve lich su phat trien cua lang Phii Ninh Thong qua nhiJng bai van bia d cac giai doan ljch sir khac nhau, chiing ta cd the phan nao hieu dugc qua trinh phat trien va nhung dac diem kinh te , van hoa , xa hdi rieng cua lang Nanh thdi ky eo tmng dai Gan day nha't, cudn sach Ninh Hiep - truyin thdhg va phat trien cua nhdm nghien cuu xa hoi hgc PGS - PTS To Duy Hgp chii bien da dugc xuat ban Day la mot cong trinh nghien cuu cong phu va day dan tren ca sd de tai'' Ninh Hiep - mot lang xa da nghe biet lam giau d dong bang Bac Bg", di tai chii yeu di sau khai thac nhiJng khia canh kinh te' , van hoa, xa hoi cua Ninh Hiep giai doan doi mdi hien Ngoai nhiJng nghien curu ciia cac nha khoa hgc nude , tiJ ma'y nam gdn day, mot sd hgc gia nude ngoai cung da cd nhiJng tim hieu chuyen de ve lang Nanh, nhu nhdm tac gia ngudi Phap ciia vien Vien Dong Bac Co dang tien hanh khao ciJu ve kinh te chg d chg Nanh Mot nha nghien curu cua vien Quoc te va dja phuang hgc thuoc trudng Dai hgc Berkeley ( My ) la Regina.M.Abrami da cd mot thdi gian di thuc te' tai Ninh Hiep de tim hieu ve nghe y hgc c6 truyen ciia lang Nanh xUa Ban than tac gia luan an qua trinh cong tac ciing da tiep can va cd nhiJng nghien cuu ve lang c6 Phii Ninh qua viec lam ho sa khao sat, ho sa khoa hgc ciia mot sd di tich ljch sir - van hoa d day Tuy nhien, nhiJng nghien ciJu ve lang Nanh giai doan cd trung dai cho den van chi la nhung mang tach rdi , di vao tung khia canh khac ma chii yeu la phan anh ddi song van hda tinh than, gidi thieu cac di tich ljch sir va siru tap thong ke cac tu lieu van bia, chua cd mot cong trinh nghien cun nao mang tinh chat tong hgp , di vao cac mat ket cau kinh te - xa hoi v6 ciing da dang va ciing kha phuc tap ciia vung que Ddng Thg giap, Ngoai giap, Ngoai giap tmng thdn , cdn thdn Ha cd giap la (?) Thugng giap, Hgp Ld ddng giap, Hdng Kidu tmng giap, Hgp Ld chinh giap, Hgp Ld tay giap, Hdng Kidu ddng giap, Hgp Ld tmng giap Day khdng phai la sd chinh xac song cung gdp phin lam sang td them vd sd lugng va ten ggi ciia cac giap d lang Nanh cd tmydn Td chiic giap d Phii Ninh ciing gidng nhidu noi khac ; Diing diu giap la cu Nhit (cu dng nhidu tudi nhit) dugc cir theo nguyen tic trgng xi (tudi) cii tuin tu thuc hien nhu the' cho ddn cu nhit qua ddi thi mdi cd sir thay ddi Cu nhi giap cd tudi xip xi cu nhit va se la ngudi ke vj cu nhit Nhiem vu cua giap d Phii Ninh cung gidng nhu nhiing nhiem vu ciia thdn vay, chinh quydn xa thudng dua vao giap dd thu thue, tuydn linh , bit phu phen , tap djeh va lo ca viec ddn tre ddi, cung nhu dua ngudi vd thien cd Ngudi giap sinh dugc trai phai sira coi triu trinh lang ,dng tiudng giap lam Id va ghi ten vao sd nhan khiu Mdi giap thudng dugc lang chia cho den miu mdng cdng, ben canh dd cdn cd sd mdng hau giap, hau hg nhirng ngudi lam quan, ngudi giau cd hoac ngudi cd nhi qui phu ciing trgng Trong sd mdng dd dng trudng giap dugc uu tien khdng phai ddng thue Phin mdng cdn lai chia cho cac hd giap ciing cay ciy nop hoa Igi phuc vu cho nhiing viec chung ciia giap va dd lo ciing gid hang nam cho ngudi dat hau Viec sir dung cac loai mgng hau ciing dugc ghi lai tren bia: '^Rugng hau thin d xiir Ddng Ldi Hang nam giap nao ciia hai thdn dang cai thi nhan rudng hau thay phien cay ciy, mdi cd" (bia 53), hoac : "Rugng huong hoa Hang nam den giap nao dam nhan cay ciy thi ding den nhang, te khi, giiy tidn, diu nude diy du" (Bia 13) Nhiing gd chap , cu nhit dugc bieu chiec thii Ign hoac cai chan gid Cdn dan giap ciing an udng va chia phin xdi thit 92 Nhu vay, thuc chit giap d Phu Ninh la mdt don vj hanh chfnh tuong duong nhu thdn xdm va phii hgp vdi each quan ly phong kidn mang tinh bao thii , tri tre , kim ham sir phat tridn cua kinh td, van hoa va xa hdi ndi chung Ben canh nhirng td chiic tu trj tham gia vao cac hoat dgng cdng ddng ciia lang xa, lang Nanh cdn cd nhiJng td chiic ma sir tham gia ciia cac vien la hoan toan tu nguyen Dd la tap hgp cua nhiing ngudi cd ciing chung mot didu kien, hay ciing chung nghd nghiep Nhirng ngudi cd hgc, dd dat cao cua lang Nanh hiu het ddu tham gia hdi tu van, quan vien ciing cd thd vao hdi Nhiing hdi thudng giiip lang cac viec cin ddn tri thire van hoa nhu: viet van te, giii chan chii td, bdi te nhiing Id hdi cua lang Bia nam 1765 (bia 46) ghi : " Ngay gid hang nam quan vien tu van hanh Id nhu nghi thiic" Bia 1733 (sd 26) qui dinh : " mdt cd dang ciing hoang nhu le gid Tu van, bdi bai hanh Id " Nhiing ngirdi thg thii cdng lam nghd det cung cd hdi rieng ciia minh ggi la Hdi det Tham gia hdi thudng la nhiing ngudi cao tudi, cd nhidu kinh nghiem nghd Hdi thudng diing td chiic thi det vai hang nam tai san chiia Nanh Nghd che bien thude nam cd phudng Nam dugc Phudng la td chii'c cua nhiing ngudi ciing lam nghd thude, tap hgp lai dd giiip lam nghd, mua nguyen lieu va ban phim Hdi cung la td chiic diing lam le gid cho ba Ly Nhu Thai Lac ba td nghd thude nam vao 18 thing gieng hang nam 3.3 KET CAU CHINH TRI - XA HOI LANG PHU NINH : Tir nhung phan tich vd bd may hanh chinh va cac td chiic tu trj ciia lang Phii Ninh truydn thdng , chiing ta cd the thiy ket ciu chinh trj - xa hdi d day mang nhidu tinh chat da dang , vung chic nhung vin mdm de Tai day ludn tdn tai song song hai hinh thuc td chiic la bd phan ly djeh quan ly hanh chfnh vd mat nha nude va hdi ddng ky muc quan vien quan ly cdng ddng ciia rieng lang xa Ndi each khac quydn lire thdng trj ciia lang la ket hgp giii'a sir tap trung ciia nha nude va tinh tu tri ciia lang xa Hai mat viia thdng nhit lai vira ddi lap, vira thiic diy vira che udc lin 93 Nhin chung, tfnh tap tmng vdi sir didu hanh cua chinh quydn tmng uong thdng qua bd may true tidp dat tai lang xa vin mang tinh khdng che, song nhidu tinh tu trj ciia lang cung kha manh, lin at ca quydn hanh ciia bd may hanh chinh, nhit la nhiing viec cdng mang tinh cdng ddng xa hdi cao nhu viec djnh va thuc hien huong udc, cac hdi he, dinh dam, tdn biu gid chap cac hau Thin, hau Phat Lang Phil Ninh tir xa xua da la mdt cdng ddng khdng hoan toan khep kin Trong lang, mdi gia dinh ndng dan la mdt don vj kinh te nhd nhung khdng tach rdi ddc lap ma vin gin bd chat che vdi lang, phu thuoc nhidu vao nhung bien ddng vd mgi mat cLia ling La mdt lang cd ket ciu kinh td da dang vdi ndng nghiep liia nude lam ndn tang kdt hgp vdi thii cdng nghiep va thuang nghiep, Phu Ninh cd ket ciu cu dan da phin vdi dii tii' dan : sT - ndng - cdng - thuong, dd ting Idp "sT" kha ddng dao, lai cd nhidu ngudi giii cac chiic vu cao cac tridu dai , ben Ccinh dd la nhirng ngudi ndng dan true tiep lam ndng nghiep va cd lai kiem nhiem them nghd thii cdng hay thuong nghiep Tuy thude ting Idp khac song cac bd phan vin ciing chung sdng vdi dudi tie ddng true tiep ciia bd may hanh chinh cap CO sd CLia nha nude va ting Idp chiic djeh lang, nhung khdng phai la khdng cd sir phan biet, didu da dugc dd cap den d phin tren Qui che van hanh cua bg may quan ly hanh chinh Phii Ninh mang nhirng net tuong ddng vdi hiu het cac lang xa viing ddng bing Bic bd Bd phan chiic djeh la ca quan quan ly tnre tidp, la ciu ndi giira nha nude vdi cu dan lang xa, la bd miy thuc hien tit ca nhiJng cdng viec cua chinh quydn tmng uong, vd mat nguyen tic thi day la bg may quan ly hanh chinh cao nhit lang Tuy nhien, tren thuc te khdng phai nhu vay, bdi vi ben canh hang ngu chiic djeh ciia lang cdn ludn tdn tai mdt bd phan sic muc Day la mdt Hdi ddng dan lang cir de dai dien cho hg va chju trach nhiem didu hanh mgi viec cdng Hdi ddng thd hien tinh tu trj kha cao ciia lang va ludn giii' vai trd cd vin cho bd phan chii'c sic viec thuc hien nhirng 94 nhiem vu ciia chinh quydn tmng uong, ddng thdi cung chju trach nhiem true tidp kidm tra giam sat dd giiip cho viec quan ly lang xa viTa tuan thii theo phep nude lai Vin giir dugc le lang Nhu vay, vd danh nghTa chi la cua ling song cd nhidu liic, nhidu viec thi Hdi ddng ky muc diing diu la Tien chi lai cd quydn hanh cao mang tfnh quydt dinh hon ca td chiire Iy djeh ciia chinh quydn Tdm lai, kdt ciu chinh tri - xa hdi cua Phii Ninh ciia Phii Ninh mang tinh hai mat mdt thd thdng nhit, viTa nuong tua thiic diy lin nhau, lai vira che ngu kim ham lin nhau, tao nen mdt kdt ciu viia mdm deo lai vira viing chic, khidn cho ddi sdng xa hdi ciia cu dan phat tridn viia mang tinh khep kin nhung vin khdng bj each ly vdi ben ngoai, tinh doan kdt cdng ddng dugc nang cao song vin khdng tranh khdi sir phan biet giira cac ting Idp ndi bg lang Tir ket ciu tren cd thd thiy Phil Ninh khdng chi la mot don vj hanh chinh ma cdn la mdt cdng ddng da chiirc nang Bd may quan ly lien ket giii'a bg phin ly djeh va bd phan chiirc djeh lang chfnh la sir didu hanh ciia toan bd cac mat kinh te, van hoa , xa hdi ciia lang , phin nao dap iing dugc yeu ciu ciia cudc sdng ndng dan ca thd dd Bd miy quan ly viia dap iing nhiing ddi hdi cua cudc sdng vira giiip cho lang cd dii kha nang ling phd vdi cac tinh hudng khd khan nhu thien tai, djeh hga Ket ciu tao nen mdt lang xa cd sir van hanh uydn chuydn : cd vi nhimg quydn Igi rieng ciia ting lap chiirc sic ma nd chdng lai hoac mau thuin vdi nude, song cin lai vin cd thd hoa hgp, thdng nhit vdi nude Dac biet tiudng hgp dit nude cd giac ngoai xam thi ling vdi nude tu hoa lam mdt tao nen tri viing chic dd bao ve dit nude, bdi vi mdi ngudi dan ddu biet, bao ve dit nude ciing chinh la bao ve cudc sdng ciia mdi vien 95 TIEU KET • Td chiic hanh chfnh va tu trj ciia Phii Ninh la sir kdt hgp dan xen giira sir quan ly thdng nhit ciia bd phan sic muc va didu hanh thuc thi ciia bd phan ly djeh • Tren danh nghTa, bd may quan ly hanh chinh cip xa la chinh quydn tmng uong true tidp didu hanh va phai chju trach nhiem vd mgi mat hoat ddng ciia xa, vdi tu each nhu mot ciu ndi giira chinh quydn quan chii va nhan dan Song tren thuc te d Phil Ninh, nim giir quydn hanh cao, cd tinh quydt djnh lai la hdi ddng ky muc ciia ling Hdi ddng dan lang true tidp biu ra, nim giii mgi qui che luat le, chju trach nhiem quan ly giam sat mgi hoat ddng ciia bd phan chiic dich • Su tdn tai song song hai che td chiic : hanh chinh va tu trj khdng chi d rieng Phil Ninh ma cd tinh chit rit phd bien d cac lang xa Viet Nam tmydn thdng Tinh hai mat vira gdp phin ciing cd sir bdn chic khep kin ciia cdng ddng, lai vira bao dam tfnh thfch ling ciia lang 96 • CHUDNG BON VAN HOA TRUYEN THONG PHU NINH Mdi ndn van hoa dan tgc ddu cd nhiing dac trung rieng bidu hien kidu thiic tu duy, he tu tudng, tam ly xa hdi va cac kien tnic vat chit ciing nhu van hgc nghe thuat Viet Nam, dac trung ciia ndn van hoi truydn thdng dugc hinh va phat tridn tren cai ndn la hoan canh dja ly, phuang thiic sin xuit trao ddi va td chiic xa hdi, ddng thdi cung chju nhiJng anh hudng nhit djnh ciia sir giao luu kinh td - van hoa va ngoai nude qua trinh ljch sir Van hoa ndng thdn viing chau thd sdng Hdng can ban la van hoa ling ma ban sic CO ban la van hoi liia nude, hinh va phat tridn tren ndn tang nghd trdng lua nude va cdng ddng xdm lang Diy la mdt ndn van minh ndng nghiep trdng liia nude d vimg nhiet ddi gid miia, mdt ndn van minh xdm lang dua tren sir lien ket cdng ddng liy gia dinh va lang lam co sd Ddng bing chau thd sdng Hdng la cai ndi ciia ndn van minh cd, la dja ban can ban ciia nha nude Viet Nam diu tien Nhiing dudng net can ban ciia ldi sdng Viet nam, truydn thdng Viet Nam da dugc xac lap ndn van minh sdng Hdng, dat ca sd ban diu viing vang cho toan bd lich sir tdn tai va phat tridn ciia dan tgc Viet Nam La mdt lang que tmydn thdng nim viing tmng tam cua chau thd sdng Hdng, Phil Ninh ciing mang ndn van hoa ciia minh cac dac didm co ban ciia ndn van minh - van hoa sdng Hdng, nhung ddng thdi vin cd nhiing dac didm rieng mang tinh dac trung ciia viing dit, ngudi va ndn kinh te noi diy Vdi vj tri dia ly thiiiln tien, nim giira ddng giao luu cua van hoa Kinh Bic vdi van hoa Thang Long va la didm hdi tu ciia nhidu ddng van hoa khac, Phii Ninh da biet tiep nhan va chit Igc di tao nen mdt dien mao van hoa lang that da dang va cung rit ddc dao vdi nhidu phong tuc, truydn thdng van hoa tdt dep 97 Phil Ninh xua thuoc phu Tir Son, huyen Ddng Ngan, xii Kinh Bic , mdt viing dit vdn ndi tidng van hidn ca nude va vdn la noi cd lim quan, nhidu ke sT Nim viing dit quan hg, ngudi dan Phii Ninh ciing rit sanh thudng thiic va hat quan hg Dac biet hg cdn dd lai nhidu ca dao, tuc ngO, bai tho, hd ve va cac giai thoai van hgc phan anh cudc sdng lao dgng hang Cac Id hdi hang nam tai eic dinh , chiia lang ludn la nhirng hdi le ldn viing Ben canh dd, Phii Ninh cdn cd kha nhidu cac cdng trinh kidn tnic tdn giao cd dac sic dd la nhiing ngdi dinh thd hoang cua ca lang va rieng tiing thdn, dd ciing la nhiJng ngdi chiia thd Phat vdi ljch sir lau ddi va kidn tnic to dep ndi tieng khip viing nhu chiia Phap Van ( ten ndm la chiia Nanh ) hay kidn true dgc dao nhu chiia Dai Bi He thdng bia da dugc tao dung vdi sd lugng ldn va tap tmng nhidu d thdi Le cung da phan anh udc mudn dugc tmydn lai cho thd he tidp ndi nhirng net dep van hoa, nhiing tap tuc tmydn thdng ciia ngudi Phii Ninh Trong ddi sdng van hoa ciia ngudi dan Phii Ninh , nhidu tap quan tdt dep da dugc hinh va bio luu ddn nhu : tdn trgng dao ly; hoa hgp cdng ddng; giau Idng vj tha nhan ai; khdng phan biet giau ngheo; cin eii lao dgng, nang ddng va chiu khd hgc hdi cac nganh nghd dd phat tridn 4.L niEN MAO VAN HOA VAT CHAT LANG PHU NINH : Cung nhu phin Idn cac lang xdm viing ddng bang chau thd sdng Hdng, Phii Ninh la mdt lang cd khep kin vdi nhiing luy tre day dac bao quanh va cd cdng lang hang dem ddng kin Ddi vdi ngudi ndng dan Viet Nam ndi chung va nhiing cu dan Phil Ninh ndi rieng, luy tre ludn la hinh anh than thuong va gin bd mat thiet Do la luy thien nhien vira di che chan, bao bgc cho cugc sdng ciia mdi gia dinh, la bdng mat cho nhiing trua he oi a, vira la ngudn nguyen lieu tao nen nhiing vat dung cin thie't sinh hOiit hang ngay, tir viec ldn nhu xay dung nha cira, rao dau san vudn de'n nhiing didu nhd nhat nhu ddi dua, que tam Luy tre chinh la tai san chung ciia lang va dugc dan lang khdng ngimg cham sdc, giir gin Trong luy tre, cac xdm thdn quin tu ben lidn mdt giai vdi cac ddng hg cu tru xen ke lin 98 Cac xdm cang md rdng vd sau thi cang cd nhidu ddng hg den d va miic xen ke cang day dac hon Mdt didu dac biet ma theo nhu cac cu cao tudi cho bidt la tir xa xua d lang Nanh khdng cd sir phan biet dan chinh cu hay ngu cu, mgi cu dan ddu dugc ddi xir binh ding ndu nhu hoa nhap dugc vdi van hoa, tuc le lang, chia se va hgp tic vdi cugc sdng Day cd le la mot net dac trung rieng ciia ddi sdng van hoa Phu Ninh, bdi le van hoa Bic bd tmydn thdng vdn rat khit khe viec phan biet dan ngu cu va chinh cu Phai chang sir ddi sdm va phat tridn manh cua mdng dit tu da tao nen net van hoa rieng biet ? Bdi vi chiing ta ddu biet su phan biet cu dan chii ydu phu thude vao sir phan chia mdng dit cdng ma thdi Phin ldn eic lang vung chiu thd sdng Hdng ddu cd cdng lang vdi chiic nang kidm soat ngudi vao va ban dem ddng lai tao sir an toan cho cdng ddng Cdng lang ke't hgp vdi he thdng luy tre bien lang mot the gidi khep kin Phu Ninh xua cac thdn lang ciing chung mdt dii dit ven sdng Thien Dure, ranh gidi tir thdn qua thdn khac bing nhiJng dudng nhd Xung quanh lang la nhiJng luy tre, cay xanh bao bgc, nhirng dudng cai chinh vugt khdi vanh dai xanh ciia lang ddu xay cdng cao bd thd Theo dudng lang re vao cac ngd xdm ciing ddu cd cdng cira cin mat, mgi ngdi nha dii rdng hay chat ciing ddu xay tudng ngd, cdng rieng khien cho canh quan lang xa phong quang, dep de Ca dao dja phuong da rat tu hao vd ve dep que huong minh : " Kd qua phong canh lang Nanh Nhic trdng ching khac thj khang trang" Hien d Ninh Hiep chi cdn hai cdng lang Cdng chinh dugc xay dung vao khoang diu the ky thii XIX bing cac vat lieu bdn viing, vdi qui md kien tnic ldn va kha ciu ky theo Idi "tam quan" vdi ba cdng vdm, cac cdt tru bidu cd dip cau ddi va trang tri" tir linh" ( Long, Ly, Qui, Phugng ) kha dep Chi nhin vao sir bd the ciia cdng lang cung phin nao doan djnh dugc cudc sdng kinh te , van hoa dn djnh va phat tridn cua lang Ngoai cdng ldn din vao true dudng chinh , cdn cd mdt cdng nhd 99 hon xay theo kidu tru bidu don gian, tren dinh dip hai nghe , cdng nim tren ldi di vao xdm va cung din dudng true chfnh ciia ling Hiu het cac hd gia dinh nim quay quin ben va ndi vdi true dudng Idn bing mot he thdng cac ngd nhd Nha d cua cu dan Phii Ninh dugc bd tri lidn mdt giai vdi timg hg gia dinh cd san , vudn, chudng nudi gia siic, gia cim va ngan each bing nhirng bd giiu, hang rao vdi cdng ngd rieng Chinh sir phan bd cu dan da giiip gin ket cdng ddng chat che va ciing cd them mdi quan he ling gidng ben canh quan he ddng hg, tao mot quin thd xdm lang vdi canh quan va dien mao dac trung ciia mdt lang tmydn thdng vimg ddng bing sdng Hdng Dien mao van hoi vit chit Phii Ninh khdng chi dugc thd hien qua biic tranh toan canh xdm lang va mdi quan he cdng ddng ma nd cdn dugc bidu hien rd net hon qua cac di tich La mdt viing ndng thdn thude he lang Viet cd xiir Kinh Bic xua, cung la noi each Luy Lau (Dau), Cd Loa, kinh dd Thang Long khdng xa nen Phii Ninh da sdm cd he thd'ng cdng trinh van hoa tfn nguong mot each kha hoan chinh nhu mdi thdn ddu eo dinh, chiia, ddn, mieu, tir vii dd cd nhiJng di tich to dep va ndi tidng khip viing Ngoai ciing khdng thd bd qua cac di vat mang nhidu gia trj vd cac mat tu lieu ljch sir, nghe thuat nhu : bia, chudng, khanh, hoanh phi, cau ddi, thin phi, sic phong hien ciing dang dugc luu giir rit nhidu d noi day Sau day chiing tdi xin didm qua nhiing di tich ldn cd mat ciing su tdn tai va phat tridn ciia lang Phii Ninh : 4.1.1.Thach Sang; Thach sang la tang da gin lidn vdi truydn thuyet vd nha su Khau Da La da timg d va truydn dao tren dit Phii Ninh Truydn ring : Cd thay d tan Tay Thien Luyen tu dao thidn, hieu Khau Da la Lap am dudi gdc cay da 100 Ban su van du khip noi, tdi vd ngu tren mdt tang da dudi gdc cay da, tang da dd dugc ggi ten la Thach Sang Ciing cin phai hidu ring tang da xanh vuong viic hien cdn thiy tren bai Thach Sang chi la mdt each vat chit hoi mot y niem cua nhan dan tao dd tidn hanh nghi Id Cdn vd nha su cd ten Khau Da La thi ? Cu Trin van Giap qua thu tich Tmng Qudc da cd nhiing khao ciiu vd cac nha su tmydn dao vao Luy Lau d khoing thd ky II, HI va cho rang Khau Da La la nha su An Do dugc ghi nhidu tie phim cua Viet Nam Ngudi ta ggi dng, dudi ten Khau Da La ( Ksudra? ) thi dudi ten Ca la cha le Ten Ca la cha le cd le tir chir Kalakarya hay "Hie su" Day cd le la mdt tdn hieu hay mdt biet danh ma ngudi Viet nam thdi dd dung de chi mdt tu sT An Do Ve ten ciia Khau Da la, sach Linh Nam chich quai cdn ghi la Gia la dd le Thuc chit Gia la dd le chi la mot each phien am mdt tir An Ksudra nghTa la mat trdi va nhu vay nhiing ten ggi khdng chi mdt nha su cu the nao ma de chi chung cac tu sT An Dd Nhu vay, Thach Sang hay khu dit thieng Phii Ninh chinh la mdt di chi van hoa, mdt diu tich ljch sir thieng lieng cho chiing ta hidu them vd ndn van hoa cd, vd ngudi va cudc sdng tinh thin ciia cu dan Phii Ninh ndi rieng va ngudi dan Viet ndi chung PGS Dang Van Lung nhan xet : nhdm bidu tugng Thach Sang dudi gdc Cay Da " ndi len mot triet ly vd ngudi, vd vii tm, bidu hien mdt the gidi quan, mdt nhan sinh mdi (104: 385 Tải FULL (222 trang): https://bit.ly/3KzxUYl Dự phòng: fb.com/TaiHo123doc.net Thach Sang khdng chi la mdt di chi van hda cd ma edn la mdt canh quan tin ngudng rit nen tho : " Day Gia Ngu , iy Thach Sang Cd da rd cudn , cd bang tan che" 4.1.2 Nhirng ngdi chiia : Nim viing dit Kinh Bic , noi dao Phat tham nhap tir rit sdm va da cd mdt he thdng cac chiia thd Phat ndi tieng ca nude nhu : chiia Phat Tich, chiia Cd Phap, chiia Dien Ung The ky XI -XII vimg kai la que huong ciia nha Ly, noi cac nha 101 su khdng chi nudi Idn ngudi sang lap tridu Ly ma edn lam nen bai sim ky, tao chd dua sieu nhien cho Ly Cdng Uin len ngdi Vua Chinh vi viy, nha Ly rit sung dao Phat va chiia chidn dugc dung len d nhidu noi, dac biet la viing quanh huong Cd Phip que Ly Cdng Uin Phii Ninh liic nim phii Thien Diic nen ciing chiu nhidu anh hudng va ciing dugc nha Ly quan tam, vi vay ngdi chiia ldn d day la chua Phip van da dugc md mang va bien noi ciu dao han han Ben canh chiia Phap van cdn cd ngdi chua Song Lam cd the ciing ddi giai doan va da timg la noi tu luyen cua cac nha su ten tudi thdi Ly nhu : Trudng lao La Quy An , dao gia Thidn Ong ( 902 - 979).De'n nhirng thdi ky sau nay, nhit la tir sau Phii Ninh dugc tach lam nhidu xa thi mdt loat cac ngdi chiia lai ddi nhim thda man nhu ciu sinh hoat tdn giao cua ngudi din timg noi Cac ngdi chiia d day dii ddi sdm hay mudn cung ddu dugc xay dung vdi qui md bd the va cd kien tnic dep, phan anh ddi sdng kinh td kha gia va dn djnh cua manh dit Ra ddi sdm nhit, cd ljch sir tdn tai lau ddi va gin vdi nhidu truydn thuyet dan gian ciia Phii Ninh chinh la chua Ca, ten chir la Phap Van c6 tu va ten ndm la chiia Nanh Chiia dugc xay tren gd dit cao giiia lang va thd Diic Phat ba Phap Van Sir ddi cung nhu qui trinh phat tridn ciia chiia gin lidn vdi ciu chuyen huydn thoai vd cd gai Man Nuong, me cua Tii Phap , nhan vat da dugc du nhap vd dit Phii Ninh va dugc bien " ba chiia Nanh", ngudi da khai sinh thdn mang ten Ke Nanh Thdi didm ddi chinh xac ciia chiia den khd xac djnh, song qua mdt loat cac tu lieu ljch sir va cac van bia hien cdn cd thd thiy qui md kien tnic ciia chiia la ket qua ciia ca mdt qua trinh kien tao va md mang lau dai Theo cac tu lieu chu han cudn Phii Ninh xa Dai tir Phat tfch luc (Ban ghi chep su tich nha Phat d chiia Da\ xa Phii Ninh) va cudn Dai hoi sir le (Sir le hdi Dai) thi ngdi chiia cd ljch sir xay dimg sdm.Tu lieu tir tim bia nam 1583 (bia sd 1) cho bidt chiia cd tir kha sdm, ddn thdi Mac dugc xay dung lai cac vi Hoang tgc nha Mac nhu Mac Kinh Than, Phiic Thanh cdng chiia Mac Nggc Lam, Phd ma Ngan Quan 102 cdng va quan lai cua tridu dinh ciing dan xa Phii Ninh cdng diic.Tim bia nam 1675 cho bidt Dd Thai giam Thach tudng cdng tiic Phiic quan cdng Thach Anh Hao da bidu chiia 10 lang bac nen, miu mdng va 84 cay gd lim, 50 chiec xa dd xay lai Bia nam 1733 ghi viec Ninh quan cdng Nguydn Thg Trang bd tidn mua ngdi, gd sira lai chiia Nam 1743, sau mot tran can qua, chiia bj hu hdng nhidu, Quan phu nhan Nguydn Thj Do da giiip xa 100 quan tidn, miu mgng dd sira Nam 1784 Huyen thira Nguydn Xuan Huyen ciing xa 30 quan dd xay hanh lang chiia va miu rudng lam den huong Nam 1790 ba Nguydn Thien Kinh ciing 30 quan va 18 mdng di sira hau dudng ciia chiia Cudi thd ky XIX , Chieu nghi Hoang hau Nguydn Thj Huydn, than miu cdng chiia Nggc Han ciing cd cdng viec tu bd canh chua va dung nha thuy dinh phia trude Qua nhidu lin triing tu song chiia Ca vin giir dugc dang ve kien tnic thdi Le vdi qui md ldn theo kidu " ndi cdng ngoai qudc" vdi 104 gian Toa Tidn dudng nim chinh giii'a gdm gian di dugc xay dung vdi mdt kie'n true rit ddc dio, hiem thay d cac ngdi chiia viing ddng bing chau thd sdng Hdng Phin tren mai ndi len hai gdc nhd, mdi gdc mai, dao cong viit, dd la gac Khanh va gae Chudng Nim giii'a hai gdc la ddi rdng chiu mat nguyet ldn, tao nen mdt tdng thd kidn tnic that uy nghi dudng be nhung vin rit gin giii Bd vi keo nha't dugc sir dung kidn tnic dugc lam kidu "thugng cdn ke" va cham van may xoin, day ciing la mdt net dac biet kien tnic ciia chua Ca Ben chiia edn luu giir 116 tugng dugc tac rit dep, mang phong each nghe thuat the ky XVII - XVHI Dac biet nhit la tugng Phap Vin Khac vdi tugng Tiir Phap d chiia Dau dugc tac vdi hinh tugng vai cudn tir bung den kin chan, nguc lep, than hnih thd hien khdng rd, net mat gia dan, kin dao Tugng Phap Van d chiia Ca dugc the hien kha " tao bcio" vdi phin tren hoan toan dd trin, chi cd hinh mieng vai quin tir bung dudi den diii tren, phd hiu nhu toan bg ca thd Tugng cd than hinh can ddi, nguc nd, chan tay chic njch, net mat tre trung, ddn hau va bao dung Cd thd ndi day la mdt tac phim dieu khic dep, thd hien tai nang dieu luyen cung nhu khat vgng 103 thd hien cai dep dan da vao cac tugng thd cua ngudi nghe nhan xua Ben canh tugng Phap Van, d chiia Ca cdn luu giir dugc ba Tam the thdi Mac la bd tugng gd cd nhit nude ta, cd le bd tugng dugc tac vao nam 1583 Hoang hau Trin Thi Tran tu sira chiia Mdt tugng khac ciing rat dep la tugng Tuydt Son.Tugng dugc thd hien tu thd ngdi trim mac tTnh tam Ngudi nghe nhan vd danh thd ky XVII da dd lai cho chiia Ca mot tic phim dieu khic tuyet vdi vdi sir chfnh xac hiu nhu tuyet ddi tii dudng gan, mach mau, co bip den sir can ddi giiia cac ddng xuong, ddt xuong, sg diu, tim cao Net mat dugc tac chau chudt thd hien sir trim ngam tap tmng trf tue ddn cao Thdng qua bd tugng phap cd the thiy dugc ndn van hoa tmydn thdng ciia dit Phii Ninh dugc phat tridn sdm va dat den trinh dd cao Ngoai gia trj vd mat kidn tnic, nghe thuat, chiia Ca cdn luu giir mdt kho tu lieu phong phii vd ljch sir va van hda dja phuang tren cac tim bia da, cac burc hoanh phi, cau ddi va ca tren rit nhidu cac di vat khac nhu qua chudng ddng cd cd tim cd Idn diic nam 1653, chide Khanh Ninh Quan cdng Nguyen Thg Trang cdng diic lai nam 1733 Biic hoanh phi ldn treo chinh giira nha Tidn dudng dd sau chir "Bic Giang de nhit thidn mdn" vdi nghTa la ngdi chiia to dep nhit Id Bic Giang Ld Bic Giang la dja danh tinh Ha Bic thdi Ly Trin, chiing td day la ngdi chiia cd Ddng lac khoan Long Diic ngu dd (Long dure la nien hieu ciia vua Le Thuin Tdn (1732 - 1735 ), Ngu dd la nha Vua dd tang ) cho thiy ngdi chiia cd mdt vai trd quan trgng ddi sdng van hoa tin ngudng khdng chi cua rieng Phii Ninh ma rdng khip ca viing Ben canh viec thd ba chiia Nanh (thd vgng) va thd Phat theo phai Dai thiia, d chiia Nanh cdn thd Thanh Miu theo tin ngudng dan gian Ngoai ngdi chua Ca vdi qui md ldn va la tmng tam tdn giao tin ngudng ciia ca vimg, Phii Ninh chia tach cac thdn Thugng, Tmng, Ha thi cac thdn ciing ddu xay dung dinh va chiia rieng ciia minh Chiia thdn Ha cd ten chir la Khanh Ninh va cung dugc xay dung sdm Tim bia nam 1664 d chiia cho biet vdn tir tmdc dd, chiia Khanh Ninh da cd " dien thd, tidn 104 dudng, dai vu, phin huong" dugc din lang tu sira lai Sang thd ky XVHI, chiia dugc md rdng hon, nhu nam 1703 lam gac chudng va diic mot qua chudng ddng, hien qua chudng vin cdn , den nam 1735 lai lam them dai vii Chua hien cd ket ciu kidu chu" "cdng" gdm tidn dudng, thieu huong va thugng dien Trong chiia cdn luu giii dugc nhidu tugng Phat, tugng Miu , tugng Td ( 41 pho) ciing nhidu di vat cd nhu bia da, chudng ddng Tải FULL (222 trang): https://bit.ly/3KzxUYl Dự phòng: fb.com/TaiHo123doc.net Mdt ngdi chiia niia da dugc xiy dung kha hoan chinh tii the ky thii XVII va hien vin cdn tdn tai la chiia Ninh Giang, ten chir la chiia Dai Bi Day la ngdi chiia cd kie'n true kha la khac biet vdi nhiing ngdi chiia khac viing Do la kidu kien tnic mdt gian chin chii vdi mdt he thdng vi da lam theo kidu "thugng chdng giudng van bung, ke" ket hgp vdi thiic vi "chdng giudng" Ldi ket ciu dac biet tao cho chiia mdt khdng gian khep kin nhung vin rdng md, nghTa la tir ben ngoai nhin vao Idng chiia chi thiy mdt gian, nhung budc vao ben lai thiy rit nhidu chii nhd tao nen nhiing gian thd rieng biet, khien cho tdng thd kien tnic trd nen hdt siic ggn gang va im ciing Day cd the coi nhu mdt sir sang tao kha dgc dao ciia van hoa Phil Ninh xua, vi thuc chit d cac viing lan can hiu nhu chua thiy ngdi chiia nao cd kidn tnic dac biet Tren cac giudng, cdn nach ciia cac bd vi chiia dugc cham trd cac md tip hoa van tmydn thd'ng nhu Rdng, phugng, la hoa rdng, van may xoin, van thuc vat each dieu kha dep.Trong chiia hien cdn luu giir kha nhidu di vat mang diu in ciia nghe thuat, van hoa the ky XVII - XVHI nhu mot tugng da, bdn tim bia da tac hinh ngudi tu the ngdi thidn, hai tim bia da ciing cd nien hieu VTnh Tri (1676), mot cay bia da nien hieu Chinh Hoa (1680), mot qua chudng ddng due nam Canh Thjnh thiir (1800) Ngoai ba ngdi chiia hien vin cdn tdn tai nhu tren, d Phii Ninh cdn mdt sd ngdi chua khac dugc xay dung kha sdm nhimg da m i t Trong sd cd nhit cd le la chiia Song Lam Tu lieu dd cap den ngdi chua la sach Thien uyen tap anh, theo sach thi Tnrdng lao La Quy An chan nhan, hg Dinh, sinh nam 832 tru tri tai 105 chiia Song Lam thude huong Phii Ninh, phii Thien Diic Tai ngdi chiia Ong da viet bai ke la mdt nhiing bai ke cd nhit ciia nude ta Sau dng qua ddi tmydn lai cho tdn dd la Thidn dng hg Lir kd nghiep Thidn dng ngudi chiu Cd Phap, sinh nam 902, mit nam 979 Qua trinh tdn tai va phat tridn sau dd ciia ngdi chiia khdng thiy tai lieu nao dd cap ddn nira Mdt sd hdi lie dan gian thdng qua cac cu cao tudi cd kd lai ring : each diu lang khoang 500m cd mot ngdi chiia ten la chiia Ddng Min, chiia cd mdt tim hoanh phi dd ba chii* "Song Lam Tu" chii ndi mau vang da hoen d Khoang nam 1956 chiia bj dd nit, dan lang dd dem vd chiia Ca Su cu Thfch Mat Trgng (hien dang tru tri tai chiia Ca) ndi ring cd thiy mdt biirc hoanh phi khic 1dm chii Song Lim Tu nhung muc nit qua da dem dun bep vay cd thd ngdi chiia Ddng Min chfnh la chiia Song Lam va Song Lam la ten chir cua chiia Ngdi chiia thir hai hien cung khdng cdn nhung cd bia dd lai giiip cho viec xac djnh dugc thuan Igi hon, la chiia Van Tinh Sd di vat hien cdn ciia chiia gdm bia da, chudng ddng (1783) va khanh da(1768) Theo tu lieu van bia cung nhu cac bai minh tren chudng, khanh thi day la ngdi chiia ciia xa Hiep Phii, dugc xay dung sau tach dja gidi hanh chinh khdi Phii Ninh Tii the ky XVIH chiia da kha hoan chinh va la noi giri gim tam linh ciia nhidu the he cu dan Hiep Phii.Qua cac tu lieu van bia hien cdn cd thd hinh dung Van Tinh la mot ngdi chiia cd va chic la ciing kha bd thd Rit dang tide la thing nam 1952, giac Phap vd ddng bdt tai Ninh Hiep da dao bdi , phi tung ngdi chiia Ngoai ra, d lang Nanh trude day cdn cd cac ngdi chiia khac ddu d ngoai canh ddng nhu chiia Luc, chiia Ddn Day la nhung ngdi chiia nhd va hien khdng cdn luu giu dugc gi , chiing ddu bj dd nat thdi ky khang chien chdng Phap (1946 1954) 106 6794989 ... het cac phin dit cua lang Nanh nim dia phan ba thon: Phii Ninh, Hiep Phii va Ninh Giang thuoc xa Ninh Hiep , huyen Gia Lam , ngoai Ha Ndi Ninh Hiep nim d phia bic huyen Gia Lam , each Ha Ndi khoang... tinh Bic Ninh Theo cudn " Ban xa thin tir ky" ghi chep ve hoang dinh Hiep Phii thi vao thdi Mac, dit Phii Ninh gdm thon la : Td Thon, Ninh Thugng , Nhan Hau, Dinh Thugng, Dinh Ha va Ndi Ninh Nam... Nhan Hudng va huyen thira Ngd Trung tach Phii Ninh lam xa de dugc ngudi di thi Cac thon Ninh Thugng , Nhan Hau, Dinh Thugng xa Phii Ninh, Dfnh Ha xa Ninh Giang,Td Thon Hiep Phii Tit ca deu thuoc