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Tiểu luận môn Lý thyết dịch ngành Ngôn ngữ Anh trường Đại học Mở Hà Nội Translation is an activity of enormous importance in the modern world and it is a subject of interest not only to linguists, professional and amateur translators, and language teachers but also to electronic engineers and mathematicians. Translation Studies is a field of study that deals with the theory, description, and application of translation. This is because it examines translation both as an interlingual transfer and as intercultural communication. Courses in Translation Studies are a great way for linguists, language graduates, and translators to develop a deep understanding of the academic field, and the skills to practice as a translation professional. The study and practice of translations are, however, quite difficult for me in the past. After attending translation studies at university, I gained a variety of deed knowledge such as history, definition, and different perspectives on translation. Researchers’ translation theory was not achieved overnight, rather, it has gone through decades of unceasing practice and exploration, and has been developed through continuous revision and improvement. In Nida’s book, The Theory and Practice of Translation, he defined translation as “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” Wills defines translation more or less similar as follows: Translation is a transfer process which aims at the transformation of a written source language text into an optimally equivalent targetlanguage text, and which requires the syntactic, the semantic and the pragmatic understanding and analytical processing of the source language (Wills in Noss, 1982: 3). In addition, the concept of context has been extensively studied by different linguists from different perspectives, such as pragmatics and systemicfunctional linguistics. Among them, Halliday or Hymes’s approach shows clear advantages in translation study with its emphasis on language function, and therefore will be employed in the analysis of the paper.
HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH - - ASSIGNMENT ON TRANSLATION STUDIES Full name: Date of birth: Group: Date of exam: Examiner 1: …………………………… …………………………… Examiner 2: …………………………… ………………………… Hà Nội, 2022 Score (in numbers): Index number ………………… Score (in words): Detached number ………………… TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: INTRODUCTION PART II: DEVELOPMENT ENGLISH ARTICLE .2 1.1 Analyse the context of the article based on Dell Hymes’ Model of Context 1.2 Translation 2 VIETNAMESE ARTICLE .5 2.1 Translation PART III: CONCLUSION PART I: INTRODUCTION Translation is an activity of enormous importance in the modern world and it is a subject of interest not only to linguists, professional and amateur translators, and language teachers but also to electronic engineers and mathematicians Translation Studies is a field of study that deals with the theory, description, and application of translation This is because it examines translation both as an interlingual transfer and as intercultural communication Courses in Translation Studies are a great way for linguists, language graduates, and translators to develop a deep understanding of the academic field, and the skills to practice as a translation professional The study and practice of translations are, however, quite difficult for me in the past After attending translation studies at university, I gained a variety of deed knowledge such as history, definition, and different perspectives on translation Researchers’ translation theory was not achieved overnight, rather, it has gone through decades of unceasing practice and exploration, and has been developed through continuous revision and improvement In Nida’s book, The Theory and Practice of Translation, he defined translation as “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” Wills defines translation more or less similar as follows: "Translation is a transfer process which aims at the transformation of a written source language text into an optimally equivalent target-language text, and which requires the syntactic, the semantic and the pragmatic understanding and analytical processing of the source language" (Wills in Noss, 1982: 3) In addition, the concept of context has been extensively studied by different linguists from different perspectives, such as pragmatics and systemic-functional linguistics Among them, Halliday or Hymes’s approach shows clear advantages in translation study with its emphasis on language function, and therefore will be employed in the analysis of the paper In this assignment, I give two English and Vietnamese articles to analyze the context article based on Dell Hymes’ Model of context and then translate them Especially, I want to draw more experience for me in the translation process to gain better skills PART II: DEVELOPMENT ENGLISH ARTICLE 1.1 Analyse the context of the article based on Dell Hymes’ Model of Context - Addressor and addressee: + Addressor: The author is Matthew Sparkes + Addressee: Any readers - Audience: Unintended reader - Topic: Pedestrian-friendly cities have lower rates of diabetes and obesity - Setting: Pedestrian-friendly cities are where walking and cycling is safe and convenient for people - Channel: Written English - Code: Neutral language - Massage-form: An article - Event: Gillian Booth carried out studies about the rate of diabetes in cities where walking and cycling is safe and convenient - Key: The tone is serious - Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide information and encourage most inhabitants to lead an active lifestyle or select friendly-environmental transportation in order to reduce rates of diabetes and obesity 1.2 Translation Pedestrian-friendly cities have lower rates of diabetes and obesity Các thành phố thân thiện với người có tỷ lệ mắc bệnh tiểu đường béo phì thấp A review of 170 studies finds consistent evidence that people are less likely to be obese or have diabetes if they live in cities where walking and cycling is safe and convenient Kết phân tích 170 nghiên cứu cho thấy người dân có nguy bị béo phì mắc bệnh tiểu đường họ sống thành phố thuận tiện, an toàn cho hoạt động thể chất, ví dụ đạp xe Diabetes and obesity rates can be Việc chuyển đổi thị trấn reduced by transforming towns and thành phố thành nơi an toàn cities into places where it is safe and thuận tiện cho bộ, đạp xe, di chuyển convenient to walk, cycle or take public phương tiện cơng cộng thay sử transport rather than drive dụng xe riêng làm giảm bớt tỷ lệ bệnh tiểu đường béo phì Gillian Booth at the University of Gillian Booth Đại học Toronto Toronto and her colleagues scoured đồng nghiệp tìm kiếm tỉ mỉ more than 170 previous studies and 170 nghiên cứu trước discovered consistent evidence that cho người dân sống vùng đô thị people who live in areas where walking xem việc đạp xe hoạt and cycling are practical options are động cần thiết thường động more active and less likely to have có nguy mắc bệnh tiểu đường diabetes or obesity béo phì One large study that Booth’s team Nhóm nghiên cứu Booth xem considered involved 32,767 people and xét thực nghiên cứu quần thể found that the prevalence of obesity 32.767 người trưởng thành cho thấy tỷ among adults living in pedestrian- lệ người mắc bệnh béo phì thành friendly towns and cities was 43 per phố vùng lân cận thuận tiện cent, compared with 53 per cent of 43%, tỷ lệ người sống those living in areas where walking was vùng thuận tiện 53% a less practical option Another study that involved Tương tự, nghiên cứu khác analysing the blood of 1.1 million việc phân tích máu 1,1 triệu người adults also demonstrated the benefits of trưởng thành với lượng đường pedestrian-friendly areas People with máu bình thường chứng minh normal blood sugar levels at the lợi ích vùng thân thiện với beginning of the study were 20 per cent người Sau năm theo dõi, tỷ lệ more likely to show symptoms of pre- người mắc tiền đái tháo đường số diabetes eight years later if they lived in người sống vùng thuận areas judged less friendly for tiện tăng lên 20% so với bắt pedestrians đầu nghiên cứu According to the charity Diabetes Theo tổ chức từ thiện bệnh tiểu UK, the National Health Service spends đường Anh, Dịch vụ Y tế Quốc gia £10 billion a year treating diabetes, chi 10 tỷ bảng Anh năm để điều trị which is about 10 per cent of its budget bệnh tiểu đường, chiếm khoảng 10% The NHS estimates that a quarter of ngân sách tổ chức Dịch vụ Y UK adults are obese and predicts that the annual cost of treating the condition will reach £9.7 billion by 2050 Making towns and cities safer and more convenient to walk in could be a costeffective way to tackle these dual epidemics Booth says the study shows there is a role for prevention as well as treatment with these conditions, and that “unchecked urban sprawl” that leaves people reliant on cars is part of the problem that needs to be tackled She believes the solution is a package of measures including higher-density living with shops and services within walking distance, more bike and footpaths and better public transport “People will be more active if they can, if they have more of that infrastructure close by them,” she says “There’s consistent evidence that if you have those options available, you will be more likely to be physically active.” “Even if we’re actually really good at managing diabetes, if you have a surge of cases because so many more people are getting the disease, we can only so much at the clinical end,” tế Quốc gia ước tính phần tư người trưởng thành Anh bị béo phì dự đốn chi phí hàng năm để điều trị loại bệnh lên tới 9,7 tỷ bảng Anh vào năm 2050 Biến thành phố vùng lân cận trở nên an toàn thuận tiện cho việc phương án hiệu chi phí để giải hai loại bệnh Booth nói nghiên cứu cho thấy việc phòng ngừa chữa trị loại bệnh có vai trị quan trọng Ngồi ra, “việc kiểm sốt phát triển thị khơng theo quy hoạch kế hoạch” khiến người phụ thuộc vào loại hình vận động thụ động tơ vấn đề cần giải Bà tin giải pháp cho vấn đề xây dựng mật độ dân số cao với cửa hàng dịch vụ nằm khoảng bộ, nhiều đường dành cho xe đạp lối giao thông công cộng tốt Bà chia sẻ: “Mọi người sống động họ sống gần nơi có nhiều sở hạ tầng Rõ ràng, người dân có hội lựa chọn loại hình giao thơng động họ tham gia hoạt động thể chất nhiều hơn” Booth cho biết: “Dù cho chúng tơi thực kiểm sốt tốt bệnh tiểu đường, tỷ lệ bệnh tiếp tục tăng có thêm nhiều người mắc bệnh, chúng says Booth tơi khám điều trị sau giai đoạn thử nghiệm lâm sàng” VIETNAMESE ARTICLE 2.1 Translation Hà Nội yêu cầu tăng cường quản lý rác thải F0 "bùng nổ" (Dân trí) - Trong bối cảnh F0 "bùng nổ" 95% ca mắc điều trị, theo dõi nhà, Sở Y tế Hà Nội yêu cầu địa phương tăng cường công tác quản lý chất thải, rác thải sinh hoạt Phó Giám đốc Sở Y tế Hà Nội Vũ Cao Cương vừa ký, ban hành văn việc tăng cường công tác quản lý chất thải trường hợp mắc Covid-19 quản lý nhà địa bàn thành phố Theo đó, Sở Y tế yêu cầu Trung tâm y tế tham mưu cho UBND quận, huyện, thị xã việc xây dựng khu lưu giữ tạm thời chất thải sinh hoạt phát sinh thu gom từ hộ gia đình có F0 cách ly, điều trị nhà; đảm bảo khả lưu chứa, lưu giữ chất thải lây nhiễm theo quy định Đối với trường hợp F0 cách ly, điều trị nhà, cần phân loại rác thải sinh hoạt phát sinh theo hướng WASTE MANAGEMENT A Requirement of Hanoi in Explosion of COVID-19 Cases (Dan Tri) - The Hanoi Department of Health has required localities to strengthen garbage and domestic waste management amid the explosion of COVID-19 cases and over 95% of patients treated and monitored at home Vu Cao Cuong, Deputy Director of Hanoi Health Department, has just signed and issued a document on strengthening waste management for Covid-19 cases treated under homebased care in the city Accordingly, the Department of Health requires health centers to advise the People's Committees of districts, and towns on the construction of temporary storage areas for domestic waste collected from households with COVID-19 patients isolated and treated at home Meanwhile, it is ensured that infectious waste was stored according to regulations For COVID-19 cases isolated and treated at their homes, it is necessary to separate generated household waste dẫn sau: Với chất thải sinh hoạt phát sinh từ phòng cách ly F0 (bao gồm đồ vải, quần áo thải bỏ) trang, trang phục phòng hộ cá nhân người chăm sóc F0 thải bỏ coi chất thải lây nhiễm phải bỏ vào túi thùng có lót túi; bên ngồi túi, thùng đựng chất thải có chữ "CHẤT THẢI CĨ NGUY CƠ CHỨA SARSCoV-2", buộc kín miệng túi trước bàn giao Với loại chất thải sinh hoạt phát sinh từ khu vực khác nhà có người F0 thực phân loại theo hướng dẫn địa phương để đưa xử lý theo quy định Sở Y tế giao Trung tâm Kiểm soát bệnh tật thành phố tổ chức tuyên truyền phương tiện nhiều hình thức khác để người dân nắm bắt thực phân loại rác thải phát sinh từ phòng cách ly F0 cách ly điều trị nhà nơi cư trú theo hướng dẫn Đồng thời, Trung tâm Kiểm soát bệnh tật thành phố có trách nhiệm tổ chức kiểm tra, giám sát công tác phân loại, thu gom, lưu giữ, bàn giao chất thải thu gom từ hộ gia đình có according to the following instructions: Infectious waste such as domestic waste generated from isolation rooms of confirmed patients (F0) (including discarded fabrics and clothes) and personal protective equipment discharged by caregivers need to be placed in bags or bag-lined containers It is necessary that the sentence "WASTE WAS POTENTIALLY INFECTED BY SARS-CoV-2" is written on the outside of the waste bag and container In addition, these bags should be tied tightly before handing over Local authorities take responsibility for guiding the classification of different types of domestic waste discharged from other areas of the house with COVID-19 cases in order to treat them according to regulations The Department of Health assigned the Center for Disease Control City to organize propaganda on various types of media in many ways for people to grasp and classify waste generated from the isolation room of COVID-19 infectors being isolated and treated at home and in residence as directed At the same time, the Center for Disease Control City is responsible for organizing the inspection and supervision of waste classification, collection, storage, and handover That F0 cách ly điều trị nhà garbage was collected from families địa bàn with confirmed patients being isolated and treated under home-based care in the city Về tình hình dịch bệnh địa bàn, Turning to the epidemic situation in tối 13/3, Sở Y tế Hà Nội thông tin the area, on the night of March 13, the phát thêm 29.269 ca dương tính Hanoi Department of Health reported SARS-CoV-2 Các bệnh nhân phân that the capital recorded additional bố 514 xã, phường, thị trấn thuộc 29,269 new positive cases of SARS30/30 quận, huyện, thị xã CoV-2 These patients are distributed in 514 communes, wards, and towns in 30/30 districts, towns Một số quận, huyện ghi nhận nhiều Several districts recorded a variety bệnh nhân ngày như: Gia Lâm of patients in a day such as: Gia Lam (1.684); Long Biên (1.610); Bắc Từ (1,684); Long Bien (1,610); Bac Tu Liêm (1.489); Tây Hồ (1.431); Quốc Liem (1,489); Tay Ho (1,431); Quoc Oai (1.379) Cộng dồn số F0 Hà Nội Oai (1,379) The cumulative number of đợt dịch (từ ngày 29/4/2021) confirmed patients in Hanoi during the 811.558 ca 4th outbreak (from April 29, 2021) is 811,558 cases PART III: CONCLUSION Translation studies is an academic program that introduces people to the theory and practice of translation I actually gained a variety of deed knowledge such as history, definition, and different perspectives on translation after attending translation studies at university Furthermore, analyzing the source text before translating is very vital for me It helps me understand the content of source texts deeply and convey the message of the author to the reader easily However, several problems and challenges of translation that I have to face are structural variations between languages, cultural differences, and so on I sometimes translate word-byword making the sentence obscure, silly, and irreplaceable As a result, translators need to grasp the different types of translation firmly and find more information about cultural nations in order to have a perfect target text REFERENCE Links: English article: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2309343-pedestrianfriendly-cities-have-lower-rates-of-diabetes-and-obesity/? fbclid=IwAR13HlXHlb93aiiVsqp6brRTMlB4klNT1A_wNNFOD4fQQshqT Z54nxiP6lA Vietnamese article: https://dantri.com.vn/xa-hoi/ha-noi-yeu-cau-tang-cuongquan-ly-rac-thai-khi-f0-bung-no-20220314103124440.htm? fbclid=IwAR0_gw038RSmHdVwE3DJtIP6QKXmqsak6OrwAJ8li0LpvR6htap_j6eZFg ... tăng cường quản lý rác thải F0 "bùng nổ" (Dân trí) - Trong bối cảnh F0 "bùng nổ" 95% ca mắc điều trị, theo dõi nhà, Sở Y tế Hà Nội yêu cầu địa phương tăng cường công tác quản lý chất thải, rác... tế Hà Nội Vũ Cao Cương vừa ký, ban hành văn việc tăng cường công tác quản lý chất thải trường hợp mắc Covid-19 quản lý nhà địa bàn thành phố Theo đó, Sở Y tế yêu cầu Trung tâm y tế tham mưu cho... phương tiện cơng cộng thay sử transport rather than drive dụng xe riêng làm giảm bớt tỷ lệ bệnh tiểu đường béo phì Gillian Booth at the University of Gillian Booth Đại học Toronto Toronto and