Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 KET QUA XAY Dl/NG MO HINH SAN XUAT LAC THUONG PHAM NANG SUAT, CHAT LUONG CAO THEO CHUOIGIA TRITAIVUNG BAC TRUNG B Bui Van Hung1, Pham Van Linh1, Tran Duy Viet1 TOM TAT Nam 2019, du! an da xay diing dUdc mo hinh san xuat giong lac L20 vdi dien tich 60 tai tinh Bac Trung bo (Nghe An; Ha Tinh; Quang Binh va Quang Tri) Ket qua san xuat mo hinh cho nang suat binh quan dat 38,76 ta/ha cao hcfn ngoai m6 hinh 10,93 ta/ha Ham lUdng lipit dat 48,78%, protein dat 32,25%, ham lUdng tinh bot dat 6,78% Da to chdc tap huan ky thuat cho 600 lUcft ngUdi va 03 ldp dao tao nhan rong mo hinh cho 120 lUdt ngUcfi; to chdc hoi nghi, tham quan dau bd cho 300 lUdt ngiidi Du an va cac cap chinh quyen dia phUdng da lien ket vdi cac doanh nghiep cimg d6 ng hanh vdi cac ho qua truth san ruat, cung cap giong, vat til, thuoc bao ve thUc vat, quy trinh canh tac mdi va cam ket, thu mua san pham cho nong dan Hieu qua mo hinh, da thay doi nhan thdc canh tac truyen thong cua n ng dan, chu dong, han che rui ro san ruat va tieu thu san pham, chat hiong san pham dtipc nang cao, gia ca on dinh, hieu qua mo hinh tang binh quan 39,47% so vcfi ngoai mo hinh Tii khoa: Chuoi gia tri, giong lac L20, mo hinh I DAT VAN DE Viet Nam, nhCng nam gan day lmh vdc nong nghiep of nhieu ncfi da hinh nhieu chuoi gia tri dong bo tvi khau san xuat, che bien, tieu thu san pham Dang va Nha niidc da ban hanh nhieu chxnh sach ho trcf, khuyen khich doanh nghiep, hcfp tac xa lien ket san xuat va tieu thu san pham Tuy nhien, ty le chuoi gia tri san xuat nong nghiep thap, moi lien ket long leo, dac biet la moi lien ket gifla doanh nghiep va nong dan de tao cac chuoi gia tri nong san hang hoa lofn han che, quy mo san xuat manh mun, nong dan kho khan viec tiep can tien bo ky thuat mdi, giong mcfi, vat tit, thuoc bao ve thdc vat dam bao chat liidng; nhieu san pham cua nong dan chiia xay dung dUcfc thUdng hieu, quang ba san pham, cac doanh nghiep tham gia dau tU vao chuoi gia tri nong nghiep it, chu yeu mdfi chi tham gia vao thu gom, sd che va tieu thu ThUc hien tai cd cau nganh nong nghiep gan vdfi chddng trinh Muc tieu Quoc gia xay dung Nong thon mcfi giai doan - 2 , nhQng nam gan day, cac tinh viing Bac Trung Bo tap trung xay dUng cac mo hinh kinh te theo hUcfng san xuat hang hoa, xay dung san pham thUdng hieu cho tiing dia phUdng tap trung gidi thieu cac giong mdi di cung vcfi ky thuat canh tac mcfi lien ket vcfi cac doanh nghiep, cac Hdp tac xa, to hdp tac ap dung vao san xuat theo hUcfng ben vflng Cay lac la mot nhtfng cay ldi the cua tinh vimg Bac Trung bo, tinh sd bd den nam 2018, dien - Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong nghiep Bac Trung Bo tich dat 49.572,1 ha; do: Thanh Hoa 10,504 ha; Nghe An 14,141 ha; Ha Tinh 13,563 ha; Quang Binh 4,516 ha; Quang Tri 3,571,1 va Hue la 3,269 (Nien giam Thong ke cac tinh Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Tbita Thien Hue, nam 2018) San xuat lac tai vung Bac Trung Bo dang thieu nhUng giong tot, ngUcfi nong dan dang chu yeu tU de giong, phUdng thUc canh tac lac hau, manh mun; dac biet san pham san xuat deu tU thUdng thu gom nho le, chUa dUdc cac doanh nghiep lien ket tieu thu Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chung toi gidi thieu ket qua biidc dau xay dung mo hinh san xuat lac thUdng pham nang suat, chat lUdng cao theo chuoi gia tri tai vung Bac Trung Bo nham hinh chuoi gia tri dong bo til khau giong, bien phap ky thuat san xuat, che bien, tieu thu san pham cung vdi sU tham gia cua doanh nghiep, hdp tac xa, to hdp tac lam tang nang suat va hieu qua kinh te tren ddn vi dien tich, tang thu nhap, on dinh dau ra, cai thien ddi song cho ngUdi dan, cung cap cho thi trUdng san pham chat lUdng va han che tinh trang dUdc mua mat gia, dUdc gia mat mua, gop phan giam ngheo mot each ben vflng II VAT LI$U VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CtfU 2.1 Vat lieu nghien cflu Giong dfla vao flng dung mo hinh la g k » g lac L20, giong da dfldc edng nhan chinh thfle theo Quyet dinh so 2953/QD-BNN-TT 7/7/2017 cua Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thoo Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong n ghi Ndng nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 2.2 Phifofng phap nghien cPu - Chon diem, chon ho: Don vi trien khai dp an phoi hop vdi dia phiiong (UBND xa, thon, xdm) tien hanh khoanh vung chon diem va chon ho trien khai dii an vdi quy mo 60 ha: Nghe An (10 ha); Ha Tlnh (10 ha); Quang Binh (20 ha); Quang Tri (20 ha) - Tap huan ky thuat: Cac dpn vi trien khai len ke hoach, noi dung tap huan phoi hop cung dia phdong tap huan ky thuat san xuat lac dat nang suat cao cho ngPdi dan tham gia an - Kiem tra chuan bi va cap phat cac loai vat tO: Don vi trien khai chuan bi vat to phan ho trp (50% giong, vat to thiet yeu) cap phat tan tay ngPdi tham gia an Dong thofi cung dia phOOng kiem tra phan doi Ong cua ngPdi dan (50% giong, vat to thiet yeu) - Ap dung tien bo ky thuat vao xay dpng mo hinh: + Ve giong: Giong lac L20 la giong mdi don vi chu tri chon tao co thdi co thOi gian sinh trPdng 105 -115 ngay, co nang suat va chat lOpng cao, chiu tham canh, co kha nang chong haul phu hop vdi vung sinh thai tai vung Bac Trung Bo + Ve quy trinh cong nghe: Quy trinh san xuat lac ruan dat nang suat cao dope don vi chu tri xay dpng va hoan thien da ap dung cong tai Nghe An va Ha Tinh vcfi nang suat tren tan/ha + Ve quan ly: Tao moi lien ket san xuat gifla doanh nghiep vdi nong dan thong qua cac hop tac xa, to hop tac; lien ket nong dan vdi to san xuat hang hoa tap trung; Cong ty TNHH MTV TP Phong - Cam Lo, Quang Tri; Cong ty TNHH XNK nong lam thuy san Sy Thang - Dien Chau, Nghe An lien ket vdi ba nong dan de thu mua, bao tieu san pham - Cac chi tieu theo doi va danh gia: Cac chi tieu theo doi, so lieu dope thu thap va danh gia theo QCVN 01-57:2011/BNNPTNT - Quy chuan Viet Nam ve Khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va sP dung cua giong lac (Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT, 2011) 2.3 Thdi gian, dia diem va quy mo nghien cdu - Thdi gian: TP thang den thang nam 2019 - Dia diem: Huyen Thanh ChPong, huyen Nghi Loc, tinh Nghe An; huyen Hdong Son, tinh Ha Tlnh; huyen Bo Trach, huyen Tuyen Hoa tinh Quang Binh va huyen Cam Lo, tinh Quang Tri - Quy mo trien khai nam 2019:60 ha; So ho tham gia: 379 ho III KET QUA VA THAO LUA.N 3.1 K it qua xay dpng mo hin h trin h dien Ket qua bang 1, cho thay: Giong lac L20 mo hinh co ty le moc tP 92,6% den 95,3% cao hon so vdi L14 tP 5,6 den 10%; giong lac L20 mo hinh co thdi gian moc tP - ngay, nhanh hon giong L14 tP - ngay; chieu cao cay dao dong tP 41,4 - 45,6 cm va so canh cap dao dong tP 3,8 den 4,0 canh/cay, tPong giong LI4; so qua chac tren cay giong lac L20 bien dong tP 10,6 den 11,1 qua chac/cay, cao hon giong L14 tP 2,4 den 2,6 qua chac/cay Thdi gian sinh trildng tPOng dpong so vdi giong L14, tP 105 -110 ngay, phu hop vdi cO cau gieo tai cac dia phOOng xay dpng mo hinh Bang Mot so chi tieu sinh triidng va phat trien cua giong lac L20 mo hinh so vdi gi6 ng lac L14 ngoai mo hinh Chi tieu Xa Thanh Van Quanj l Binh HaTinh Nghe An Xa Nghi Trtidng Xa Kim H6a Xa Sdn Ninh Quang Tri Xa Phuc Trach Xa Cam Thanh L20 L14 L20 114 L20 L14 120 L14 L20 L14 L20 L14 Ty le moc (%) 95,3 82,6 93,2 85,1 95,7 84,3 95,2 86,4 94,2 89,7 92,6 83,6 Gieo - moc (ngay) -6 -8 -7 -8 -6 -8 7 -8 -7 -8 -6 -8 32 34 33 35 32 34 34 36 34 35 33 34 Chieu cao cay (cm) 45,6 44,4 41,8 41,3 44,5 40,2 41,4 42,3 43,5 41,7 43,1 42,7 So canh cap 4,3 3,8 4,1 4,0 4,1 4,0 4,0 4,0 4.1 4,0 4,2 4,0 So qua chac/cay 11,1 8,7 10,8 8,2 10,8 8,1 10,7 8,0 10,8 8,0 10,6 8,2 TGST (ngay) 105 105 110 100 105 110 105 100 110 110 105 100 Gieo - hoa ro (ngay) O a dm: Sgay gieo: tii 10-14/02/2019 72 Tap chiKhoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 Bang Nang suat va hieu qua cua mo hinh Thiic hien tai mo hinh TT Dia diem thpc hien Xa Thanh Van,Thanh Chiidng, Nghe An Xa Nghi Triidng, Nghi Loc, Nghe An Dienttch (ha) Nang suat (ta/ha) ’ Xa Sdn Ninh, Hiidng Sdn, Ha Tinh Xa Phuc Trach, Bo Trach, Quang Binh , Tang so ngoai mo hinh Sdn lUdng (tqj Nang suat ngoai mo hinh Nangsudt (ta/ha) Hieu qua '(%) 209,4 30,25 11,63 38,45 25,6 10,2 39,84 29,3 11,9 40,61 10,9 39,21 ’ 10 , _ 4U 412,0 „ 10 38,7 387,0 27,8 „ Xa Kim Hoa, Tuyen Hoa, Quang Binh 10 34,68 346JR 23,93 10,75 44,92 Xa Cam Thanh, Cam Lo, Quang Tri 20 40,27 805,4 30,1 10,17 33,79 Binh quan 60 38,76 2.339,6 27,83 10,93 39,47 Bang Chat liidng giong lac L20 so vdi Sen lai va L14 Giong nang suat binh quan ngoai mo hinh chi dat 27,83 ta/ha, cao hem ngoai mo hinh 10,93 ta/ha; nang suat cao nhat 41,2 ta/ha tai xa Spn Ninh, huyen Hiidng Son, tinh Ha TInh; tiep den la xa Cam Thanh, Cam Lo, Quang Tri dat 40,27 ta/ha Hieu qua mo hinh tang binh quan 39,47% so vdri ngoai mo hinh Ham liipng Ham liipng Ham liipng Lipit Protein Tinh hot (%/nguyen (%/nguyen (%/nguyen lieu kho kiet) lieu kho kiet) lieu kho kiet) L14 49,61 30,46 7,82 L20 48,78 32,25 6,78 Sen Lai 50,00 27,55 7,72 Ham liipng lipit cua giong lac L20 dat 48,78%, thap hdn so vdi giong lac L14 va Sen lai til 0,83 den ,2 %; ham liipng tinh bot thap hon giong L14 va Sen lai tit 0,94 den 1,04% Tuy nhien, ham liipng protein cao hdn L14 va Sen lai tii 1,79 den 4,70% Nguon: Bo mon Sink hoa - Khoa Sinh hoc - TrUdng Dai hoc Vinh Ket qua bang 2, cho thay: Dp an da xay diing diidc 60 ha; nang suat binh quan dat 38,76 ta/ha, 3.2 Ket qua tap huan, dao tao va nhan rong mo hinh Bang Ket qua tap huan xay diing mo hinh TT 66 Dia di£m Xa Thanh Van, Thanh Chiidng, Nghe An Xa Nghi Triidng, Nghi Loc, Nghe An Xa Sdn Ninh, Hiidng Sdn, Ha Tinh Xa Kim Hoa, Tuyen Hoa, Quang Binh Xa Phuc Trach, Bo Trach, Quang Binh Xa Cam Thanh, Cam Lo, Quang Tri Tong S6 ngiidi 50 50 100 100 100 200 600 Ndi dung tap huan Tap huan quy trinh ky thuat san xuat lac dat nang suat cao: - Ky thuat boc qua, chon hat va xd ly hat giong - Ky thuat 1dm dat, len luong, rach hang, bon phan - Ky thuat gieo - Ky thuat phu nilon va boc nilon - Ky thuat cham soc, theo doi va phong trd sau benh va thu hoach Don vi trien khai Vien KHKTNN Bac Trung Bo Trung tam Giong cay Nghe An Vien KHKTNN Bac Trung Bo Vien KHKTNN Bac Trung Bo Trung tam NC&PT Dau Vien KHKTNN Bac Trui^ B$ j Tap chiKhoa hoc va Cong nghe Ndng nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 3.4 Kha nang mof rdng va phat trien giong lac L20 tai vung Bac Trung Bo giong, vat til, tien bo ky thuat den khau tieu thu san pham cho nong dan Ket qua nghien cutu va chon tao giong lac L20 cua Vien Bac Trung bo cho thay: giong lac L20 co thcJi gian sinh triidng tUOng dticfng cac giong dang bien d vung Bac Trung Bo; co nang suat, chat liidng cao, chiu tham canh, chiu han tot, phu hcfp vdi vung sinh thai Bac Trung Bo Qua ket qua khao sat, to chufc hoi nghi, hoi thao, va thiic te san xuat, nhufng nam tdi, giong lac L20 se la giong lac chu lUc cua vung Bac Trung Bo, dac biet la d i vefi tinh Nghe An va Ha Tinh; du kien chiem 50 - 60% dien tich cua vung 4.2 De nghi IV KET LUAN VA DE NGHI 4.1 K etluan Trong nam 2019, dp an da trien khai xay dpng dupe 60 mo hinh san xuat lac thviOng pham nang suat, chat lupng cao theo chuoi gia tri tai vung Bac Trung Bo Nang suat binh quan cua giong lac L20 mo hinh dat 38,76 ta/ha cao hon ngoai mo hinh 10,93 ta/ha; hieu qua tang binh quan 39,47% so vPi ngoai mo hinh Dp an da to chPc tap huan cho 600 lppt ngOPi, to chPc dao tao cho 120 loot ngOPi va to chPc hpi nghi, tham quan dau bP cho 300 loot ngitPi tham dp Dp an da ket noi cac hop tac xa, to hop tac va doanh nghiep cam ket cung cap vat til, giong va thu mua cac san pham cho cac ho san xuat mo hinh Dp an da xay dpng dope chuoi lien ket tP khau Tiep tuc trien khai mo hinh, ho trp ve chinh sach, khuyen khich nong dan ap dung cac tien bo ky thuat mPi, lien ket vPi hop tac xa, to hop tac va cac doanh nghiep dong tren dia ban de xay dpng chuoi gia tri san xuat Tang cilPng cong tac tuyen truyen, giPi thieu va khuyen khich cac ho san xuat tham gia vao chuoi gia tri, mP rong dien tich san xuat Ho trp kinh phi de cac doanh nghiep che bien sau cac san pham TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Cue Thong ke tinh Ha Tinh, 2019 Men giam thong ke tinh Ha Tinh nam 2018 Nha xuat ban Thong ke Cue Thong ke tinh Nghe An, 2019 Men gidm thong ke tinh Nghe An nam 2018 Nha xuat ban Thong ke Cue Thong ke tinh Quang Binh, 2019 Men gidm thong ke tinh Quang Binh ndm 2018 Nha xuat ban thong ke Cue Thong ke tinh Quang Tri, 2019 Men gidm thong ke tinh Qudng Tri ndm 2018 Nha xuat ban Thong ke Cue Thong ke tinh Thanh Hoa, 2019 Men gidm thong ke tinh Thanh Hoa ndm 2018 Nha xuat ban Thong ke Cue Thong ke tinh ThPa Thien Hue, 2019 Men gidm thong ke tinh Thiia Thien Hue ndm 2018 Nha xuat ban Thong ke QCVN 01-57:2011/BNNPTNT Quy chuan Viet Nam ve Khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va sP dung cua giong lac Results of building a high yield and quality commercial peanut production model by value chain in the North Central region Bui Van Hung, Pham Van Linh, Tran Duy Viet Abstract Six models with an area of 60 hectares were built in North Central provinces (Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri) in 2019 The results showed that the average yield in the production models reached 38.76 quintals/ha, higher than that in the conventional production by 10.93 quintals/ha The seed lipit content of L20 variety was 48.78%, protein was 32.25% and starch was 6.78% The technical training courses for 600 persons and 03 training courses on miltiplication of the model for 120 trainees, conferences, field visit for 300 visitors were organized The project and local authorities linked with trade companies to accompany households in the production and supplied seeds, materials, pesticides, new farming processes and commitmented to buy the products for farmers Effective model has changed the traditional farming awareness of farmers, proactively, limiting risks in production and consumption of products, product quality was improved, price was stable, model efficiency increased by an average of 39.47% compared to outside the model The efficiency of the model has changed farmers’ awareness about traditional farming, proactively, limited risk in production and consumption, improved product quality, stable prices The efficiency of model increased by 39.47% on average compared to outside model Keywords: Value chain, peanut variety L20, model Ngay nhan bai: 22/3/2020 Ngay phan bien: 1/4/2020 Ngifdi phan bien: TS Nguyen The Yen Ngay duyet dang: 02/5/2020 ... benh va thu hoach Don vi trien khai Vien KHKTNN Bac Trung Bo Trung tam Giong cay Nghe An Vien KHKTNN Bac Trung Bo Vien KHKTNN Bac Trung Bo Trung tam NC&PT Dau Vien KHKTNN Bac Trui^ B$ j Tap chiKhoa... xuat lac thviOng pham nang suat, chat lupng cao theo chuoi gia tri tai vung Bac Trung Bo Nang suat binh quan cua giong lac L20 mo hinh dat 38,76 ta/ha cao hon ngoai mo hinh 10,93 ta/ha; hieu qua... tUOng dticfng cac giong dang bien d vung Bac Trung Bo; co nang suat, chat liidng cao, chiu tham canh, chiu han tot, phu hcfp vdi vung sinh thai Bac Trung Bo Qua ket qua khao sat, to chufc hoi