The fourth industrial revolution
The Fourth Industrial revolution, like the others before, was born in manufacturing connecting everything to the internet, generating data across the whole process, and using advanced analytics to support completely new products and service models
Focusing first on a Smart Factory, the initial premise was to create a better connected production line and generate decision support to workers to keep the line running at maximum efficiency, removing waste, and minimizing costs Over time the quality and configuration of products could be changed more flexibly Connectivity then expanded outside of the factory to other factories to optimize stock levels and ordering Industry 4.0 now includes full value chain monitoring, including how the product is used, delivered, and maintained, creating a feedback loop to design and build and target products better in the future, keeping businesses competitive in a fast-evolving marketplace This revolution must meet needs at a massive industrial scale and is projected to be worth $214 billion by 2023
• Cyber Physical System (CPS)—a connected, automated device, capable of learning from and effecting the physical environment, that is intelligent and responsive and can act independently (e.g., self-diagnosing problems) or interdependently with humans or other CPSs to achieve efficiencies or resolve issues
• Internet of Things (IOT)—the network over which CPSs can connect to the internet and to each other in a secure, auditable manner
• Internet of Services (IOS)—when devices are networked over the IOT, new services focusing on logistics, intelligence, automation and prediction are possible • Smart Factory—the combination of cyber-physical systems and humans, connected through the internet of things with support from the internet of services, monitor production processes, and make de-centralized decisions as part of an
6 interdependent network The factory management is orchestrated via smart enterprise resource planning (SERP) systems and supported by human and virtual agents to develop product that is responsive in real time to demand, market conditions, and value chain (e.g., logistics) feedback
The toolset applied within the context of manufacturing and provides a baseline capability map for an overarching ‘4.0’ toolset which can be applied to different sectors and delivery models Subsequent sections will consider other applications of this toolset in emerging next generation models of health and social care For these discussions the ‘smart factory’ has been jointly labelled a ‘virtual agent’ to allow the concept to better cross sectors The largely automated intelligent oversight of an interconnected system is a ‘smart factory’ in a manufacturing context, but in a care setting it is more likely to be a virtual assistant that translates between the system and the people within it, wherever they are
Since the World Economic Forum’s action on Industry 4.0, many people have attempted to respond to the early challenge and opportunity The concept is still maturing, with discussion around the difficulty of defining this complex web of technologies and principles Contributors instead characterize Industry 4.0 through several different lenses For example, arguing that it can only be fully characterized by the changing the way organizations, business models and markets work to optimize the benefits from the technology A second characterization looks at how the relationships between actors differs from previous revolutions—with the first and second revolutions operating as a centralized network, the third revolution as a decentralized network with multiple, powerful hubs, while the fourth revolution will constitute a distributed network made up of interconnected nodes with equal power The implications are that given the way the connected value chain reaches well beyond the physical confines of a factory, these technologies will change how society organizes itself, with power and assets redistributed (though not necessarily for societal good)
7 Countries all around the world are now standing on the brink of h technological revolution, commonly called the Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0. Asia & Pacific region is the case in point, and most particularly Viet Nam, where rapid technology innovation and adoption at the workplace are diffusing faster than ever before, with some variations across sectors This policy briefs introduces some of the opportunities and challenges for the world of work
Previous industrial revolutions have been characterised by the adoption of various techniques for production “The First Industrial Revolution used water and steam power to mechanize production The Second used electric power to create mass production The Third used electronics and information technology to automate production Now a Fourth Industrial Revolution is building on the Third with the digital revolution occurring since the middle of the last century It is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres In its broad definition, IR 4.0 is characterised by rapid technological advancement through increased use of mobile communication and interconnectivity (‘internet of things’), big data, artificial intelligence, robotics, autonomous vehicles, 3D printing, Nano and biotechnology, quantum computing etc What could be the impacts of IR 4.0 in the world of work in Viet Nam? With the transformation of entire systems of production, management and governance, the IR 4.0 offers a wide spectrum of opportunities and challenges in the world of work, with direct and indirect impacts on sectors across the economy (agriculture, industry and services) as well as categories of workers including the most vulnerable groups (youth, women etc.)
Technology as creator and transformer of jobs
Technological advances can support structural transformation of the economy (shift away from the agriculture to the manufacturing and services sectors) by facilitating labour mobility of workers across sectors and occupations and/ or easing work by lifting up workers from cumbersome tasks
In the agriculture sector, the adoption of mechanisation is key for labour productivity increases and the diversification of the rural economy With two thirds of the labour force in rural areas, employment in agriculture, forestry and fishery sector is widespread, accounting for roughly 40 percent of total employment in 2017 While the sector’s growth has slowed down over the last decades, there is still some great untapped GSO potential in off-farm activities and diversification in the non-agriculture sector in rural areas with productivity gains arising from mechanisation” For example, the expansion of e-agriculture5 has the potential to enhance agriculture, forestry and fishery outputs and foster rural development through the emergence of “green jobs”6 Within the manufacturing sector, adoption of technology advancements has the potential to shift workers to higher skilled occupations with higher productivity The ILO report “ASEAN in transformation: How technology is changing jobs and enterprises transformation” indicates that majority of total employment in the manufacturing sector, particularly in the textiles, clothing and footwear (TCF) and electronic and electric (E&E) sectors, will be impacted by IR 4.0 While high-tech has not yet completely entered the industries, there are some signs of penetration in industries Trade, foreign direct investment and associated technology have all contributed to productivity growth In those industries, significant changes in the medium to long term are most likely to occur due to disruptive technologies, for example in 3D printing technology, industrial robots, Internet of Things (iv) computeraid designs, and body scanners etc.7 In turn, subsectors in engineering, transport and infrastructure will likely boost demand for jobs The digital revolution has the potential to shift workers to more customeroriented jobs in the service sector Technology advancement also leads to a rise of the “gig economy” where a number of jobs are increasing being performed through online platforms (Uber, Grab, e-commerce) Ultimately, the adoption of new technology innovations could improve workplace safety, increase productivity, wages and stimulate aggregate demand, combined with anticipated increase of FDI inflow and easier access to major export markets arising from FTAs, particularly CPTPP and EU-Viet Nam FTA, once ratified As productivity increase and working
9 conditions improve, this can further lead to a reduction of working hours and creation of more leisure services and products Ensuring workers’ protection and decent work in the context of the IR4.0 Technology per se is neither good nor bad as technology cannot automate all tasks that require for example perception and manipulation, creative intelligence and social intelligence. Therefore, supporting workers and their protection in this process of rapid changes remains crucial In particular, the importance of the informal economy together with the rise of casualization and nonstandard forms of employment put concerns on workers’ protection and the quality of employment as the employment relationship (employer/employee) becomes more blurry
How to maximize the use of IR 4.0? Some examples
Technological advancement has been used in multiple ways in the agriculture sector in developed economies through increased use of technology and mechanisation in production to increase agricultural productivity (direct contribution) or through the use of ICT as a tool to empower farmers to take informed decisions (indirect contribution) Specific examples of using ICT include the use of smartphone mobile apps in agriculture, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for farming and fishing or satellite technologies and other agronomy sciences that increased significantly agriculture and fishing outputs Consumers and producers are also increasingly aware and conscious of ecological matters, fair trade and the importance of agricultural biological products with their specific characteristics as opposed to chemical products and mass production The use of ICT to promote these biological and organic products is often used to sale and promote quality products together with a range of strategies including packaging, sizing and pricing
The use of high-tech technologies is most commonly found in industries
In industrialised economies, technologies have been used in multiple ways in order to
10 boost efficiency (both quality and quantity) and raise productivity As examples, successful Asian economies like Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Malaysia have achieved their economic miracles with strong industrial development policies that placed a strategic focus on specific export-oriented sectors In all cases, education and training policies have prepared the labour force for entry into targeted industries, by helping to absorb the know-how and technology from the rest of the world and to diversify into new and more sophisticated products In Singapore, for example, the share of high-skill and technology-intensive manufacturing exports represents almost 50% of the workforce
The use of mobiles devices and increased widespread access to internet has fundamentally changed the world of work The rise of the gig economy,digital platform, freelancing and ecommerce, bring up new forms of work that can be performed remotely (or partly) They also significantly contributed to expand markets beyond borders by connecting an increasing number of people On-line learning is increasingly used to foster skills’ development throughout the life cycle For example, the use of online courses such asMOOCs (Massive Online Open Course) expand opportunities for youth to learn and share knowledge at a minimal cost on a variety of topics What could be the priority areas of action for Viet Nam’s labour market? The 4thIndustrial Revolution is here and cannot be avoided, yet the extent to which it penetrates different sectors of the economy varies While the impacts on the jobs are difficult to predict, some ingredients are critical to carefully manage the process of transformation In doing so, barriers to occupational,geographical and sectoral mobility need to be removed Moving up the skills ladder Having the right skills to increase the ability to adapt to the need of the labour market and drive the process of technological advancement forward is critical A combination of both technical skills (such as STEM) and core skills(creativity, critical thinking, communication, teamwork etc.) are needed to best equip the labour force and foster resilience to the evolving labour markets.Training, (multi) skilling, reskilling, lifelong learning throughout the life cycle are all critical
Healthcare 4.0
Internet of things
IoT has opened up a world of possibilities in medicine It connects the Internet and medical devices and collects valuable in-formation to provide control over
13 patients' lives and treatment It is helpful in monitoring, treatment and testing to provide satisfaction to the patient.
Big data
In health care, big data provides life-saving outcomes By the digitisation, it referred to vast quantities of information and analysed it Doctors required an understanding of patients' past for their best treatment, so this technology is helpful to provide valuable information regarding patients such as the sign of illness It also provides relevant critical insights into better care and faster treatments
In medical field, AI is used to analyse complex medical data It is an essential technology that is programmed and controlled by machines with the help of the computer It has the ability to gain information and well-defined output to doctors and patients AI provides prevention and treatment technique to improve patient outcome It is helpful in personalised medicine, diagnosis processes, disease level, drug development and patient monitoring.6 Different capabilities of Industry 4.0 in the medical field Industry 4.0 could provide exciting capabilities and new opportunities for patient care It individualises products with the precise manufacturing of patient-specific devices, which creates ahigh-quality result It also positively impacts the hospital
Figure 1.1: Capabilities of Industry 4.0 in the medical field IoT,
Internet of things Source: Industry 4.0 applications in medical field: A brief review
- The customisation is the primary requirement of the medical field because data of every patient specific implants and devices are different - Industry 4.0 is famous because of the manufacturing of the customised product, so it can quickly create highquality implants and devices in lesser time and cost
2 Digital hospital - Industry 4.0 provides better information management in medical by the application of IoT - Helpful in keeping medical record, physician, sample and laboratory identification
- By the applications of digital technologies used in Industry 4.0, symptoms and cause of diseases are easily identified
3 Smart implants - Efficient manufacturing of smart medical components and the same can communicate with monitoring systems and remote physicians
- It evolves in the part of the internet of service and opens a new era of opportunities in the medical field
- By the applications of smart material, implants can change the shape with increase in temperature concerning time as per requirement
4 Designing and manufacturing of surgical tools and devices
- Industry 4.0 can play a useful role in the design and production of implants, surgical tools, biomodels and all other medical devices and models in lesser time
- Also used for upgradation of tools and devices by the application of additive manufacturing - Implants manufactured by smart manufacturing technology fit the patients comfortably
- During unusual circumstances such as critical illness or unavailability of any family members, technologies are reliable to easily identify previous medical history of the patient such as name, age, blood group, etc.
- Provide more time for treatment by speedy admission procedure - Provides 3G video equipment in an ambulance by which doctors can also image the condition of the patient before admitting
6 Provides implants in lesser time 7 Cost-effective for the hospitals
8 Improved accuracy as per patient match
- Build a customised model in lesser time with required mechanical strength
- Helpful to create a conceptual model for medical applications - By the applications of different advance designing and manufacturing technologies, implants and other medical devices are created in lesser time
- Produces any medical devices, instruments or implants at a lower cost -
Digitally controls all the system in the hospital and provides excellent service to the patient - Highly reliable for manufacturing of a customised product which correctly fits the patient - A customised implant as per patient data reduces risk and surgery time
- Models/parts manufactured by smart manufacturing technology have good accuracy and surface finish - Using good- quality material accuracy is improved
- Provides satisfaction to the patient
9 Multimaterial implants, tools and devices with excellent strength
- Smart manufacturing technology uses multimaterials as input material - Multimaterial-printed implants provide exact information such as defects in the bone of the patient
- These multimaterial medical models help the surgeon for a better understanding of the patient-
10 Provide flexibility - Industry 4.0 provides excellent flexibility during a complicated surgery
- Traces the cause of diseases by predicting data of different patients
- Flexibility to create industrial parts, medical models, cultural artefacts and also other dental models
11 Improved research and development - Industry 4.0 provides essential direction for the research and development of personalised prostheses and other implants/ devices
- Industry 4.0 helps to efficiently manufacture a prototype, and this prototype is to be tested and used for research & development purposes
12 Precise for surgeons - Medical parts and components manufactured by this process performed precise surgery because smart manufacturing system produces an exact fit model
- Easy handling of different complex cases
- Medical model manufactured by smart manufacturing systems can improve the communication between doctor/surgeon and patient
- Doctors and surgeons can better understand the treatment outcomes and provide appropriate information to the patient
- Industry 4.0 uses sensors and innovative manufacturing
15 Reduces inventory of implants 16 Identifies the level of diseases
18 technology which has the potential to reduce the surgery risk - Quickly identifies the problems for complicated cases
- Performs surgery efficiently which increases the success rate of operatio
- Industry 4.0 is famous because of the customisation, which can manufacture any shape implant
- Reduces inventory cost because implants are produced as per the individual demand
- By the use of digitisation, it also reduces the paperwork because patient data are stored digitally
- By the use of different scanning process and technique, patient data are used efficiently - Helpful to identify different diseases and their causes by taking data from various patients - Also helpful to identify the level of diseases
17 Holography - Industry 4.0 uses holography to display medical data of the whole patient in a three- dimensional tomographic image - Doctors can see patient data in multiangular view without the presence of the patient
- Holography is an emerging and powerful tool for medical applications used in orthopaedics, pathology, tissue, dentistry, ophthalmology, otology, urology and cardiology
18 Virtual reality - In medical, virtual reality can provide needful information to doctors and patients
- Provides a 3D view of the patient's data
- Improves the quality of surgical planning
- Reduces planning time of complicated surgery
- Provides surgical skills to surgeons using simulation and investigates each organ of the human body in a better way
- Easily monitors the whole treatment process of the patient by recording all data - Helps to monitor and avoid public health problem with the help of different medical devices and technologies - Increases the quality of medical treatment with optimised management cost
Management system with the help of innovative technologies.1,11Inmedical field, this revolution will become a new reality to create aninnovative concept and stay competitive It successfully changes the whole process of the medical field by the applications of new technologies. Fig 1 shows the different significant capabilities of Industry 4.0 in the medical field Industry 4.0 provides innovative services to patients by analysing the data of the patient with the help of sensors and IoT It provides accurate information using upcoming medical imaging techniques and helps perform precise surgery It helps to easily handle different complicated cases with the help of a digitally controlled service to the patient This revolution will readily undertake new research and development in the medical field One of the excellent capabilities of this is the recycling of medical waste in the hospital that saves our environment The new capabilities are well incorporated by Industry 4.0 in the medical field and help create excellent services to patients and doctors
20 Journals and associated academic sources have published articles on
‘Industry 4.0 in the medical field’, such as communications in computer and information science journal and lecture notes in computer science including subseries lecture notes in AI and lecture notes in bioinformatics published as two articles each Rest other sources and other journals published one article each in this field Article source includes Advances in Intelligent Systems andComputing; Advances in Production Engineering and Management; ChineseJournal of Mechanical Engineering (English Edition); Future Generation
Computer Systems; IEEE Internet of Things Journal; IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics; IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology; Journal of Industrial Infor-mation Integration; Journal of Network and Computer Applications; Manufacturing Chemist; Technological Forecasting and Social Change; Manufacturing Letters and Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing In area-wise research on Industry 4.0 in medical, we observed that the computer science area provides the maximum contribution of 31% in total research publications However, the overall engineering field contributes 25%; decision sciences and mathematics contributing 11% each; business, management and ac counting 6%; materials science 4%; biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology 2% and other fields 10%, which includes energy, health professions, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics, physics and astronomy, psychology and social sciences. From Scopus data, we have analysed that research on Industry4.0 in the medical field is increasing and research and development are progressing towards providing commercially viable and acceptable solutions for the medical field
In the medical field, Industry 4.0 focuses on the design and manufacturing and helps perform different cases precisely It isused for manufacturing of customised medical implants, tools and other devices to meet the varied requirement of the individual patient It can efficiently solve the problem by the application of its various components which helps to meet the requirements of the medical field Industry 4.0 provides extensive contributions in the medical field with the help of innovative designing and smart manufacturing system It efficiently manufactures
21 complex shape medical implants with a wide variety of materials that make surgeon job easier with minimum risk Surgeons and doctors can convert a need/idea into reality which provides a comprehensive opportunity for the manufacturing of modified medical implant asper requirement of the patient.
To save cost and time of surgery, it enhances the opportunities to create a new innovative medical product which can also be helpful for research
&development purposes Industry 4.0 provides excellent flexibility to create smart industrial and medical models which help to improve communication between doctors and patients It uses the innovative concept of holography and virtual reality It reduces risk and analyses the data of the patient to increase the overall performance Industry 4.0uses different innovative devices that can quickly detect the glucose, sugar and cholesterol level of the patient.10 Future scope In future, Industry 4.0 will show opportunities for innovation using integrated innovative design, manufacturing and services. During research and development, it will play a significant role to achieve the requirement of medical In future, Industry 4.0 will move towards mass production systems and adapt to the world-class manufacturing system It enables to create smarter medical products in lesser time and cost This revolution will change all management and treatment system of the patient. With the help of smart manufacturing technologies, medical students can be well trained to detect problems and correlate them to take future action With the help of smart technologies, data from different patients are collected and analysed Industry 4.0 offers new opportunities that create innovations by bringing new tools, devices and implants as per patient match Different challenges regarding price, speed and complexity can be easily solved The hospital will also change its way to purchase different tools and devices By the use of the different device, it can monitor calorific intake It can become a new path that helps to treat an illness such as diabetes, asthma and arthritis Industry 4.0 strongly encourages smart manufacturing and in-formation system by which medical field can take significant advantage of this new revolution It produces high-quality medical devices and components using advanced manufacturing techniques to meet the demand of each patient In the medical field,
22 it can help to increase overall performance by providing a digitally controlled management system to the patients It effectively adopts mass customisation which fulfils the primary requirements This revolution has a better impact on the environment by reducing wastage of material and human efforts with the help of various advanced manufacturing facilities It provides precise surgery to the patient by the applications of additive manufacturing, sensors, holography, robots, AI, big data and IoT devices There are various unique requirements for fulfilled Industry 4.0, such as bringing upon innovation with the help of holography and visual reality Doctors and surgeons can take advantages of this revolution for research, development and excellent service to the patient In the upcoming years, it will provide disruptive innovations to the medical field
1.3 Overview of healthcare system in Vietnam
FOR HEALTHCARE SECTOR IN
Healthcare digital technology in Vietnam
2.2.1 Vietnam proposes the route of making hospitals intelligent The Ministry of Health has unveiled a roadmap for digitising patients’ records at hospitals and setting up smart hospitals, a conference heard in HCM City on
Wednesday Assoc Prof Dr Pham Le Tuan, a former Deputy Minister of
Health, said: “The smart hospital approach is an inevitable choice in Viet Nam to improve the quality of healthcare to achieve customer satisfaction and ensure security, safety and efficiency in hospital management.” The fourth industrial revolution has been changing the face of the world and the lives of people in all fields in positive and promising ways, he said “Healthcare is therefore also greatly affected by the application of new techniques and technologies such as AI, expert systems, the internet of things, and big data to create information management systems and powerful applications that effectively support the management in medical as well as professional work” Many hospitals in the country have adopted health information technology systems such as electronic medical records, e-Health and telemedicine, he said A system to share data on treatment covered by health insurance between health facilities around the country has been set up, he said Health data is a valuable asset, especially for medical science, with its complex characteristics and increasing volumes, and so there is need for a plan and strategy to manage and exploit it, he added Nguyen The Dung, vice chairman of the Viet Nam Health Economics Association (VHEA), said globally digitization has created great transformation in the healthcare industry, improving its quality and efficiency “AI,
29 internet of things, big data, block chain, cloud computing, and other digital technologies make hospitals smarter and smarter.” According to professor Vo Van Toi, head of the School of Biomedical Engineering at the International University under the Viet Nam National University HCM City, telemedicine is an appropriate way to develop smart healthcare, especially for low- and middle-income countries His school has developed the internet of things for healthcare including point-of care devices that patients can use at home or anywhere else to measure their vital signs, websites and apps to record and notify family members and physicians to assist the latter in monitoring and immediately taking care of the patient if necessary, servers to stores data, and software for connecting the above devices and persons and analysing data, he said A clinical trial of the system was funded by the Binh Duong Province Department of Health and a medical centre for public servants in the province The 1st International Health Informatics Conference Towards Smart Hospital was held by VHEA and the School of Industrial Management affiliated to the University of Technology, and provided an opportunity for hospital managers to discuss how to make their hospitals smarter
2.2.2 Health ID issued to citizens
Each person will have a unique health ID HA NOI — Each Vietnamese citizen will be issued with a unique health ID card, which they will be able to use throughout their lives, according to the Ministry of Health The ID will be automatically generated through the general identification system of the ministry and used to identify individuals for healthcare services Each ID will have a series of characters, of which the first ten are unique to the holder. The numbers are based on basic personal information including name, year of birth and place of birth According to the regulation issued by the health ministry on creating, using and managing health IDs, each healthcare facility will have an account to access the national health identification system If the facilities are not connected with the system, healthcare staff must access the website of the national health identification system and search for the details of each patient The ID cards will be able to create and connect health reports for patients nationwide Healthcare facilities are
30 responsible for managing the IDs and have to ensure the security of personal information and the national system The health identifications are managed through the national health identification system located at the healthcare data centre at the Information Technology Department under the health ministry The database of the national health identification system will be linked with the database of households signing up for the social security scheme
2.2.3 Digitalisation of healthcare feild, double-edged sword
Digitisation of the healthcare sector is important to better serve patients, but hacking by cybercriminals is a grave risk, and great efforts are needed to keep patient information secure HCM CITY — The development of technologies such as 4G, 5G, internet of things and artificial intelligence has rapidly changed the healthcare sector’s landscape globally, including in Viet Nam, with more organisations adopting digitisation, according to experts The goal is to have multiple affiliated organisations sharing patients’ digitised medical records to provide more holistic healthcare Many healthcare institutions are also using smart equipment to carry out conventional tasks. For example, various devices measuring vital signs today are directly connected to the hospital’s systems Once measurements are taken, the data is incorporated directly in the patient’s medical records without the need for manual intervention New technologies have enabled the healthcare industry to carry out remote operations For instance, earlier this year, a surgeon inChina successfully carried out an operation remotely Digitisation across the healthcare industry has helped service providers improve the quality of care and accelerate medical breakthroughs for better patient outcomes and mitigate the rising cost of healthcare The Vietnamese Government is also supporting the digitalisation of healthcare, launching projects to encourage and enable digital health solutions to be adopted around the country.According to the Ministry of Health, all healthcare establishments will complete digitisation of medical records by 2030 According to the AustralianTrade and Investment Commission (Austrade) Viet Nam, Viet Nam’s economic growth, health-conscious population and fast developing 4G and 5G infrastructure provide the perfect environment for digital
31 health solutions There is strong interest in telemedicine and advanced technologies and systems that can improve decision making, improve operational efficiency and enhance patient care and experience, it said Yeo Siang Tiong, general manager of Kaspersky Lab Southeast Asia, said most hospitals were in the first stage of digital transformation, digitising simple data such as patient records, personal information, past diagnosis, and medicine. But the digitization of the healthcare industry had led to a massive increase in the number of targeted attacks against the sector, he said “The healthcare sector tracks a person’s medical history, personal information, sometimes they also track who their parents are, and genetic conditions that pass down from parents to child “Some of this information is actually worth more than a bank card.” In addition, "the sector is less protected than sectors such as banking and finance," he said In the healthcare industry, cyber security should not be taken slightly because any issue could be a matter of “life and death,” he warned “What would happen when you need to treat a patient in an emergency room, but the information is suddenly not available It is a life and death situation It is actually very dangerous.” At a recent conference on cybersecurity in the healthcare sector, experts said the consequences of a breach could be quite detrimental since healthcare records are highly personal and sensitive in nature If patients’ records were stolen, their private data could be traded on the dark web to be exploited by cybercriminals for scams and frauds, and worse still it could cause tremendous trauma to the patients, they said Yeo said to protect the healthcare industry from cybercrimes, it was very important to “raise security awareness not just among
IT workers but also users of the equipment, doctors, nurses, and healthcare workers.” "A lot of hospitals do not have chief security information officers," he said, suggesting that they should focus on developing human resources to ensure cyber security, he said The healthcare sector is a critical one, and therefore hospitals, public and private, should start drafting regulations to address the rising threats, according to Yeo
32 2.2.4 Affairs on high-teach healthcare complex beginning in Hanoi The first phase of a hi-tech healthcare complex, expected to cost more than 1 billion USD, kicked off in Hanoi’s outskirt Dong Anh district on October 14 Hanoi (VNA) – The first phase of a hi-tech healthcare complex, expected to cost more than 1 billion USD, kicked off in Hanoi’s outskirt Dong Anh district on October 14 The 40ha complex, invested by TH Group, is divided into two stages with the first slated for completion in the second quarter of 2022, providing 300 beds The second stage is expected to be finished in 2025, raising the number of beds to 1,000 The TH Medical complex will include five main areas that are an e prevention centre, an international hospital, a wellness and rehabilitation centre, an international R&D centre and a geriatric centre and nursing home Addressing the groundbreaking ceremony,
Chairman of the Hanoi People’s Committee Nguyen Duc Chung highlighted the significance of the project in improving healthcare services for local residents, pledging that the city will support the implementation of the project During the ceremony, the TH Group and TH Medical signed a cooperation agreement with Keio University and Keio Hospital of Japan on collaboration in the project’s management, operation and personnel exchange Statistics from the Ministry of Health revealed that healthcare spending accounts for approximately 7 percent of the country’s annual GDP People’s spending on overseas medical treatment reached nearly 2 billion USD
Doctor Anywhere partners with ViettelPay, part of Vietnam's largest mobile network operator Viettel, to become the 1st telco and payment gateway to provide online healthcare services
HANOI, Vietnam, Oct 21, 2019 /PRNewswire/ Doctor Anywhere (DA) and ViettelPay, part of Vietnam's largest mobile carrier Viettel, have signed a strategic cooperation agreement to bring a full suite of online healthcare services to ViettelPay's more than 6 million registered users throughout Vietnam ViettelPay's customers will be able to directly connect to Doctor Anywhere's virtual clinic and consult a locally-registered doctor, as well as access a range of wellness services directly on the ViettelPay App Payment for doctor consultation, medication, and
33 other services can be made easily using the App With this partnership with
Doctor Anywhere, ViettelPay’s users will soon be able to have direct access to online video-consult with a locally registered doctor, and shop on the DA health and wellness Marketplace - all payments processed through ViettelPay’s digital payment gateway This unprecedented agreement is set to expand ViettelPay's reach and influence in the Vietnam market, as the first telco and payment gateway in Vietnam to be integrated with online healthcare services It is also a significant boost to Vietnam's healthcare ecosystem, as this partnership is set to make healthcare delivery even more seamless and convenient With Viettel's extensive network coverage throughout the country, this will mean that people who live in remote and rural locations will be able to access high quality healthcare on their phones, and make payment easily using ViettelPay's payment gateway
Mr Pham Trung Kien, General Director of ViettelPay expressed his optimism in this partnership, "This cooperation between ViettelPay and Doctor Anywhere will greatly improve the distribution of reliable healthcare in Vietnam ViettelPay's users can have direct access to a wide variety of healthcare services anytime, anywhere All they need is a smartphone connected to the internet." In a country of 96 million with a smartphone penetration rate of 84%, anyone with a smartphone can easily download the ViettelPay App and immediately access Doctor Anywhere's services This will help to ease the strain and improve efficiency of public healthcare in the country, and bring about better quality of care for the Vietnamese population. This service is slated to go live on ViettelPay App in early 2020 Mr Lim Wai Mun, Founder and CEO of Doctor Anywhere, stated: "We are excited to go forward with this partnership with ViettelPay to bring digital healthcare services to more people in Vietnam I am confident that with this partnership, we can better achieve our vision of a more robust and sustainable healthcare ecosystem in the country and region." About Doctor Anywhere Doctor Anywhere is a regional tech-led healthcare company headquartered in Singapore With a strong network of established healthcare providers and experienced doctors, Doctor Anywhere's digital platform enables users to manage their health easily and
34 effectively through the Doctor Anywhere mobile App Users can consult a doctor anytime, anywhere, and get medication delivered to them within 3 hours On the in App Marketplace, users can shop for a wide range of health and wellness products and services such as nutritional supplements, beauty treatments, physiotherapy sessions, and even book home-based healthcare services - all in one place In Vietnam, Doctor Anywhere operates a chain of medical clinics and pharmacies in strategic locations to best meet the healthcare needs of the people About ViettelPay ViettelPay is part of a vast digital ecosystem under Vietnam's largest mobile network operator Viettel, that includes digital payment gateway, data services, insurance, and e-
Hospital digitalization
Digital Transformation in Healthcare Trends
Digital transformation in healthcare is the positive impact of technology in healthcare Telemedicine, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled medical devices, and blockchain electronic health records are just a few concrete examples of digital transformation in healthcare Innovation is the name of the game here, with the main goal of streamlining physicians’ work, optimizing systems, improving patient outcomes, reducing human error, and lowering costs through amazing web and mobile experiences Unfortunately, the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries have lagged behind when it comes to implementing digital strategies In fact, in a recent survey, only seven percent of healthcare and pharmaceutical companies said they had gone digital, compared to 15 percent of companies in other industries Despite that, the U.S healthcare market is enormous; with the national health spending projected to reach $5.7 trillion by 2026 There’s still time for you to get well- versed in digital technology and use it to bring in more business But in order to transform your standard practice into a thriving, digital machine in 2020, you first need a comprehensive picture of the modern healthcare landscape. Thanks to technology, patients get better treatment with virtual reality tools, wearable medical
35 devices, telehealth, and 5G mobile technology Doctors, on the other hand, can streamline their workflows using artificial intelligence-powered systems Here’s a better look at the state of digital transformation in healthcare in 2020: 2.3.1.1 Increase of healthcare on demand
When you think of ‘on-demand,’ you think of consumers who want things at their own convenience, on their own time, and wherever they happen to be. The healthcare industry is entering the era of digital innovation, as patients seek on demand healthcare because of their busy schedules Mobile is especially important when considering content marketing People have simply become far more mobile in the past decade Mobility is the name of the game, and recent statistics show that more than 50% of all web browsing in the world occurs on mobile devices as of 2018 (to be exact, 52%) One of the first rules of content marketing is that you must identify where your targeted consumers gather and reach them on those platforms, i.e mobile That’s not surprising given that 77 percent of U.S residents own a smartphone On top of that, the number of mobile phone users in the world is expected to pass the five billion mark by 2019 Factor in that more than four billion people globally are on the Internet and you can start to see the possibilities that digital transformation in healthcare offer
According to DMN3, consumers are going online to obtain medical information for the following reasons:
• 38% research hospital and medical facilities
But on-demand healthcare is also driven by the growth of the ‘gig’ economy, in which freelance professionals in various industries hire themselves out per job or ‘gig,’ instead of tethering themselves to one company Companies such as Nomad Health – an online marketplace that links doctors directly with medical facilities for short-term work – are making it easier for physicians to provide on-demand healthcare to clients in specific circumstances that match their talents, expertise, and schedule In other words, doctors themselves become on-demand healthcare
36 providers to better meet the changing needs of their patients, another benefit of digital transformation in the healthcare industry
2.3.1.2 Mobile application technology is personalized
A dull and monotonous waiting hall, the long queues, desperation to get inside the doctor’s chamber, gloomy faces of ailing patients; this is the picture one would imagine maybe a decade ago while paying a visit to a hospital Now with the help of mobile apps, doctors or healthcare professionals are able to speedily cater to medical emergencies and offer enhanced patient services This way mobile apps have successfully brought in a digital revolution in the healthcare industry They are rapidly becoming an integral part of doctor’s practices Like, starting from medical prescriptions and viewing blood reports and x-ray to track and monitor symptoms and patient recovery, these e-prescription apps allow doctors to diagnose patients, treat & monitor them for many common diseases while being on the move. Consumers have become accustomed to accessing their data through the use of various digital tools, where the use of mobile and tablet health apps has tripled from 13% in 2014 to 48% today Catering to this growing market, British based start-up Babylon Health is making waves on a global scale Partnering with the National Health Service (NHS) and private health provider, Bupa, it has also cemented its presence across the flourishing Chinese market, with a membership base exceeding 1.4mn citizens across Europe, Asia and Africa.
By partnering with global juggernaut Tencent, Babylon’s artificial intelligence system has enabled both parties to interact directly with users, identify specific illnesses, deliver health status assessments, and triage necessary actions The mobile app is available to over a billion users and linked to more than 38,000 medical facilities in China alone
Voice is a huge healthcare marketing technique that’s been on the rise since smartphone and smart speaker were first released (with Amazon’s Echo first hitting the market back in 2014.) And, more importantly, it can be an effective tool in the industry Voice search has become incredibly popular around the world and with 1 in 6 Americans now owning a smart speaker and40% of adults using voice search
37 once a day So how does voice search apply to the industry? Healthcare access is predominantly local In other words, most Americans look for healthcare options within the proximity of their place of employment or their residence Since 20% of Google searches are voice searches in 2018, voice has become one of the main health technologies healthcare marketers must invest in come 2019 If 1 in 5 are using voice to find out about healthcare options, it’s imperative that you’re not missing out on the potential customers. Bottomline: optimize your marketing campaigns & landing pages for voice. With the rise in popularity of smart speakers and native voice search as a whole (Siri, Google Now, Cortana etc), voice presents some of the most amazing opportunities for healthcare executives in 2019 and beyond
2.3.1.2.2 Development of wearable medical devices
Another trend of the digital transformation in healthcare is companies collecting their own health data from medical devices, including wearable technology In the past, most patients were satisfied with undergoing a physical once a year, and only checking in with their doctors when something went wrong But in the digital age, patients’ are focusing on prevention and maintenance, and demanding information about their health more frequently.
As a result, healthcare companies are being proactive by investing in wearable technology devices that can provide up-to-date monitoring of high- risk patients to determine the likelihood of a major health event
Some of the most common of these devices include:
• Sweat meters – used for diabetics
In 2018, a major breakthrough study showed that AI could detect skin cancer better than doctors This study, published in Annals of Oncology, acknowledged that the testing was not being done on actual patients, but instead dermoscopic images
38 which could skew the physicians’ work However, the study is just the tipping point of how AI can help detect, and prevent, life threatening diseases AI engines can reduce and mitigate risk of preventable medical scenarios in three critical ways:
• Automate reminders – Great for helping patients take medication within a specific timeframe
• Identify people at high risk – Discovering those in need of medical intervention and trigger medical staff alerts to create custom care plans IBM Watson currently testing this with opioid addiction issues
• Deliver personalized dosage recommendations – Based on each patient’s unique body chemistry and associated environmental factors
The European Union is set to invest $24 into artificial intelligence (AI) by
2020 in a bid to catch up with Asia and the US, who have invested heavily in
AI and cloud services This year, Google revealed its plans to harness AI and machine learning across a multitude of consumer technologies, particularly in healthcare “If AI can shape healthcare, it has to work through the regulations of healthcare In fact, I see that as one of the biggest areas where the benefits will play out for the next 10-20 years,” Google CEO Sundar Pichai has previously stated The bottomline is simple: keep AI on the radar and utilize the concept as one of the main health technologies for you in 2019. There’s no signs of slowing down
Artificial intelligence (AI) is more than just a digital transformation trend in healthcare AI represents the epitome of medical innovation and industry players are eager to invest millions in it For most patients, AI in medicine brings to mind Japanese nurse robots But now, there are plenty of American versions too, like Moxi, a friendly hospital droid designed to assist human nurses with routine tasks such as fetching and restocking supplies Chatbots and virtual health assistants are another AI-based technology that patients are becoming familiar with Chatbots can fill a multitude of roles from customer service representatives to diagnostic tools and even therapists. Their versatility is being translated in heavy investments But the real power of AI can be best observed in areas like precision medicine, medical
Opportunity of utilizing big data in healthcare 50 1 Benefits of Cloud computing for healthcare
Big data aggregates information about a business through formats such as social media, ecommerce, online transactions, and financial transactions, and identifies patterns and trends for future use
For the healthcare industry, big data can provide several important benefits, including:
• Lower rate of medication errors – through patient record analysis,software can flag any inconsistencies between a patient’s health and drug prescriptions, alerting health professionals and patients when there is a potential risk of a medication error
• Facilitating Preventive Care – a high volume of people stepping into emergency rooms are recurring patients also called "frequent flyers.” They can account for up to 28% of visits Big data analysis could identify these people and create preventive plans to keep them from returning
• More Accurate Staffing – big data’s predictive analysis could help hospitals and clinics estimate future admission rates, which helps these facilities allocate the proper staff to deal with patients This saves money and reduces emergency room wait times when a facility is understaffed
With these benefits in mind, healthcare and pharmaceutical companies should invest in organizing their data That requires an investment in analytics experts who can crunch the data to not only identify areas of weakness, but to also help companies better understand their market For example, if you’re in the pharmaceutical industry, you probably understand that marketing dynamics are constantly shifting In fact, drugmakers believe that the biggest advantage of big data is how it helps them understand the market And with that understanding, they can determine product iteration and product budgets based on existing and future demand With a better grasp of the market, your healthcare marketing and sales teams will have an easier time identifying your ideal consumer And a big part of that is creating acustomer persona, which compiles demographic information on what your prospects want and need, and the platforms where you can reach them
2.4.1 Benefits of Cloud computing for healthcare
Every day, more and more organizations migrate their data to either the cloud or a hybrid server There are many benefits to doing this, particularly when it comes to the cost of operating and maintaining a data center By leveraging cloud systems, organizations can take advantage of big data and all it has to offer without incurring many of its expenses While cloud computing has been around for some time, its widespread adoption is a recent trend The healthcare industry in particular is presently growing and evolving to incorporate more modern technologies The hands-off aspect of cloud computing is especially valuable in the field because it means a service provider — the owner of the servers and hardware — is responsible
52 not just for maintaining the equipment and systems but securing them as well. And it’s no secret that the security of healthcare information is of utmost importance But there are other benefits to cloud computing beyond those mentioned When it comes to healthcare and the medical industry, cloud computing has a lot to offer Here are the top six advantages
The healthcare industry relies on huge stores of data, and the storage capacity needed to retain it all is substantial To make matters more complicated, the list of requirements continues to grow as the amount of data amassed increases exponentially over time The beauty of cloud computing solutions, however, is that the service provider must accommodate the growing requirements and not the business collecting the data In healthcare, this means a near-unlimited capacity is available to store all the necessary content and information
In addition to allowing for nearly unlimited storage capacities, cloud computing affords unprecedented levels of scalability As with most industries, there are busy seasons and there are slow seasons in healthcare The former requires greater and more powerful computing systems, while the latter relaxes said requirements The subscription-based nature of cloud computing services means that healthcare providers can increase system usage and decrease it as necessary, with little to no stress on their operations There is no waiting period to scale up or scale down It happens instantly Simply put, cloud computing makes it possible to easily scale operations according to the necessities of market conditions, demand and seasonal requirements
When it comes to pulling data and digital content from the cloud, it’s accessible from anywhere and by multiple contacts simultaneously That makes for excellent collaboration and sharing experiences, which is crucial in the healthcare industry Doctors and healthcare professionals must be able to share patient information and records between one another while still preserving their security
53 Analog methods rely on paper-based records which are not secure at all. They’re also not conducive to collaboration, at least not in the same way that digital records are Cloud computing means that the data is easy to share with anyone that needs to see it, including patients and insurance providers 2.4.1.4 System security increase
It’s a common misconception that cloud computing is less secure than alternate methods There is always some risk involved, of course, but security is almost always stronger under the control of cloud providers This is because the service providers specialize in data management, meaning they not only have the understanding and experience but also the resources to fully lock down that content Cloud providers also have more resources to invest in local information security teams and tools, which translates to stronger levels of protection
2.4.1.5.Accessing AI and Machine Learning
It’s difficult for human analysts and laborers to pour over such massive troves of digital content and information Fortunately, they don’t need to, as they have machine learning and artificial intelligence solutions The healthcare industry can benefit from access to these technologies, which are capable of mining collected data for new insights and details For example, a Seattle company called Kensci leverages machine learning to predict illness and treatment patterns Another company called Path AI leverages technology to aid pathologists in making quicker and more accurate diagnoses
Because the data and computing power is all remote, the same systems are available to just about any platform with internet access, including mobile. This extends support to a wide range of platforms, creating a greater number of remote care opportunities Doctors, nurses and health practitioners can monitor events and even provide care from around the world This not only presents new opportunities but also enables more accurate and far-reaching care Imagine an on-site Doctor being able to monitor all their patient’s vital signs, remotely, while tending to others Or a specialist that’s able to carry out a procedure from halfway across the
54 world using remote conferencing technologies This form of remote-care- meets modern-technology is referred to as telehealth, and it’s becoming more and more prominent in the field Reap the Benefits at a Fraction of the Cost Cloud computing solutions allow organizations to reap the benefits of big data at just a fraction of the cost That’s because a service provider handles the hardware and software maintenance necessary to keep the systems operational Healthcare providers can access cloud computing solutions with a seamless experience, gaining all the benefits above and more That means unlimited storage capacity, unprecedented scalability and collaboration opportunities, improved security, remote care possibilities and machine learning and AI capabilities But increased uptime, streamlined IT services and support, and optimized accessibility during major disasters and events are all part of the deal too In short, cloud computing is revolutionizing the healthcare industry, and there’s no room for argument on that point
2.4.1.7 Advantages of data orientation for medical insurance
One of the most transformative shifts emerging in healthcare is the rise of the ‘quantified self’, which probably needs no new explanation The digitization of products, services, and payment models is democratizing current healthcare systems and also represents a new era of healthcare consumerism This entails an evolving ecosystem of connected health technologies such as we arables, telehealth, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and others that support targeted, personalized health and well-being services Technology Adoption Laggards and Need for Change The adoption of digital solutions by the health insurance sector has been limited over the past decade There can be no denial that the health insurance policies available today are dated and often fail to meet the personalized needs of individuals As a result, global health insurance market growth rates have been declining, from 9% in 2014–2015 to 6–7% in subsequent years The industry needs consumer-centric insurance programs that incentivize individuals for adhering to healthy habits and lifestyles
A Changing Paradigm: The Health Insurance Pioneers for Tech Adoption
Strengthening healthcare sociallization
Economic progress alone is not enough We want a vibrant society where everybody participates and feels they belong Health and wellbeing is fundamental
56 to this Much of our improved health status is due to progress in the formal health sector
A great deal of it is due also to actions and developments in other areas - clean air and water, better housing, safer roads, safer food, safer workplaces, actions to address poverty and inequality All have an impact and we want to make sure that all sectors appreciate that they have a role to play and that health and wellbeing is affected by a whole range of factors across the life course Equally, we are seeing different health problems emerging; frequently the cause is our modern lifestyle This trend is worrying and unless we make some significant changes, we are facing an unhealthy and costly future The health sector alone cannot address these problems; we must change our approach
That is what Healthy Vietnam is about - taking some important steps towards making a healthier and more prosperous nation It is the Framework which will bring together people and organisations from the length and breadth of the country into a national movement with one aim: supporting all of us to enjoy the best possible health and wellbeing It is designed to include Government Departments, local authorities and public bodies, businesses and employers, sports and voluntary groups, communities and families Through Healthy Vietnam, its goals and actions, and through working together, we will create a coherent policy and sustainable co-operative action for health and wellbeing An essential part of this is to develop by the end of this year the measurements to make sure we are making the progress that we want
By publishing and implementing Healthy Vietnam, we as Government are committing to playing our part and leading the way We are in turn calling on leaders from every sector of society to join us, and to help us By getting involved, by working together, we can make real progress on making Vietnam a healthier nation
The current health status of people living in Vietnam, lifestyle trends and inequalities in health outcomes are leading us toward a future that is dangerously unhealthy and very likely unaffordable The work that is underway to build a health
57 service that is accessible and fair will only succeed if we build an environment that supports people and their families to lead healthier lifestyles Evidence and experience from around the world clearly shows that to create positive change in health and wellbeing, it takes the involvement of the whole community, the whole of Government, all of society working in unison
Healthy Vietnam draws on existing policies, but proposes new arrangements to ensure effective co-operation and collaboration across Government, the health system and other relevant areas It is about each individual sector helping to improve health and wellbeing, multiplying both our efforts and our results Many people, organisations and Government Departments who contributed to the development of Healthy Vietnam Many people contributed through participating in the consultation process and working group Others attended meetings in the development phase and undertook background research and analyses Others advised and commented on drafts of the Framework, and all provided freely of their expertise and commitment This participation and support reflects our shared vision to address the risks to the health of all our people and to work collaboratively and purposefully for a healthier and fairer Vietnam
Health is a personal, social and economic good, and the health and wellbeing of individuals, and of the population as a whole, is Vietnam’s most valuable resource A healthy population is essential to allow people to live their lives to their full potential, to create the right environment to sustain jobs, to help restore the economy and to look after the most vulnerable people in society A healthy population is a major asset for society, and improving the health and wellbeing of the nation is a priority for the Government and the whole of society This means that all sectors of society and the whole of Government need to be proactively involved in improving the health and wellbeing of the population When a person experiences health problems, suffers illness or has a disability, the loss of health and wellbeing affects every part of his or her life and those around them Similarly, adverse trends in the health of the community and the population impact on the whole of society Mortality rates have decreased and life expectancy has risen
58 However, these improvements are at risk with increases in adverse population trends related to obesity, diabetes and physical activity Current adverse health trends in Ireland are similar to those causing concern in other developed countries They include projected significant increases in levels of chronic disease, exposure to health risks, growing health inequalities, and difficulty in accessing care when it is needed The projected growth in incidence of chronic diseases will undoubtedly lead Vietnam toward an unhealthy and extremely costly, if not unaffordable, future Action is required to create change and try to address these negative health trends before our problems grow larger Healthy Vietnam is a collective response to the risks that threaten Vietnam’s future health and wellbeing, as well as its economic recovery It is a new national
Framework for action to improve the health and wellbeing of the population of Vietnam over the coming generation It sets out four central goals for improved health and wellbeing, and outlines clear routes and strategies to achieve these goals, in which all people and all parts of society can participate The Healthy Vietnam Framework draws on existing policies but proposes new arrangements to ensure effective co-operation and collaboration and to implement evidence-based policies at government, sectoral, community and local levels It is about each individual sector helping to improve health and wellbeing, multiplying all efforts and delivering better results
A Healthy Vietnam, where everyone can enjoy physical and mental health and wellbeing to their full potential, where wellbeing is valued and supported at every level of society and is everyone’s responsibility Healthy Vietnam is designed to bring about real, measurable change and is based on an understanding of the determinants of health Health and wellbeing are affected by all aspects of a person’s life; economic status, education,housing, the physical environment in which people live and work Health and wellbeing are also affected by policy decisions taken by Government, the individual choices people make about how they live, and the participation of people in their communities This understanding calls
59 for a partnership approach in all of the actions set out in the Framework. Healthy Vietnam is designed to harness the energy, creativity and expertise of everyone whose work promotes health and wellbeing, and encourages all sectors of society to get involved in making Vietnam a healthier place to live, work and play participation of people in their communities This understanding calls for a partnership approach in all of the actions set out in the Framework Healthy Vietnam is designed to harness the energy, creativity and expertise of everyone whose work promotes health and wellbeing, and encourages all sectors of society to get involved in making Vietnam a healthier place to live, work and play
Goal 1: Increase the proportion of people who are healthy at all stages of life This means addressing risk factors and promoting protective factors at every stage of life – from pre-natal, through early childhood, adolescence, adulthood and into old age, to support lifelong health and wellbeing
Health and wellbeing are not evenly distributed across Vietnam society. This goal requires not only interventions to target particular health risks, but also a broad focus on addressing the wider social determinants of health – the circumstances in which people are born, grow, live, work and age – to create economic, social, cultural and physical environments that foster healthy living
Goal 3: Protect the public from threats to health and wellbeing
Healthy Vietnam is designed to ensure effective strategies and interventions to protect the public from new and emerging threats to health and wellbeing are implemented Being prepared to prevent, respond to, and rapidly recover from public health threats through collaborative working is critical for protecting and securing the nation’s health
Goal 4: Create an environment where every individual and sector of society can play their part in achieving a healthy Vietnam
It is beyond the capability of any one Government Department or organization to promote society wide health and wellbeing This can only be done through society-wide involvement in and engagement with health and wellbeing promotion
60 and improvement activities - from individuals making positive lifestyle choices and projects run by community and local groups, to policy and legislative changes at the highest level of government
Healthy Vietnam, whilst guided by a clear vision, is very much outcomes driven, with targeted actions grouped under six broad themes:
• Partnerships and Cross-Sectoral Work