giáo trình thương mại điện tử

Noi OAU Trong hai thap kf) qua, Cong nghe thong tin vet Thtrang mgi dien tti &Jr xeon nhap vao moi g6c cgnh czsa den sang xel h6i not chung va cica doanh nghiep not rieng Doi v6i doanh nghiep, Thumg mgi dien ter gip phcin hinh flitting mo hinh kinh doanh mot giam chi phi, ncing cao hieu qua kinh doanh floi voi ngu-61 tieu dung, Thirang mgi dien ter giecp mua sam thuan tien cac hang hoa va dich vy tren cac thi truing moi nai tren thi gioi Gicio trinh "Thirang mgi dien a can ban" la mOt nhang gicio trinh cow mon hoc nghiep vy thu6c not dung chwang trinh dao tgo Chuyen nganh Thtrang mgi dien ter va mot so chuyen nganh khcic cua truing Dgi hoc Ngogi thwang N6i dung cica glow trinh "Thitang mgi dien ter can ban" bao gem vein d'd ion: Tang quan ve Thwang mgi dien ter, Giao dich dien ter Marketing dien ter, Rui ro va phOng tranh red ro Thwang mgi dien ter Ong dung Thtrang mgi dien to doanh nghiep va Ludt Giao dich dien ter Gicio trinh chivy viit nhcim phyc vy cho viec hoc tap vet nghien cti.0 ctia sinh vien truing Dgi hoc Ngogi thtrang Ngogi ra, gicio trinh co thi dtrac dung lam tai lieu tham khao cho sinh vien cac truing dgi hoc, cao dling tren ca nu* va cac can b6 lam cong tac quan ly, kinh doanh va thwang mgi dien to MUC Luc Trang LCJI NOI DAU DANH MUC cAc VIET TAT 11 DANH MUC FINN 14 DANH MUC BANG BIU 15 CHUCING TONG QUAN VE THUMG MAI Do TU 16 1.1 Khai niem chung ye Thong mai dien ter 16 1.1.1 Su ddi va phat then cua Internet 16 1.1.2 Khai niem thirong mai dien ter 17 1.1.3 Cac phuang tien thuc hien thong mai dien ter 22 1.1.4 He th6ng cac hoat Ong co bin thong mai dien to 24 1.1.5 Qua trinh phat then thong mai dien ter 25 1.1.6 Cac Van de chitin loc thong mai dien tit 26 1.2 Dec diem, phan loai thong mai dien ter 1.2.1 Dec diem cua thong mai dien ter 28 1.2.2 Phan Ioai thong mai dien ter 29 1.3 Lai Ich va han ch6 cua thong mai dien to 31 1.3.1.14 ich cua thong mai dien ter 31 1.3.2 Han the cua thirang mai dien ter 34 1.4 Anh twang cua thucrng mai dien ter 28 35 1.4.1 -lac dOng den hoat Ong Marketing 35 1.4.2 Thay d6i mO hinh kinh doanh 36 1.4.3 -lac dOng den hoat dOng san xual 37 1.4.4 -lac citing den hoat Ong tai chinh, Ica toan 38 1.4.5 Tac Ong den hoat Ong ngoai thirang 38 1.4.6 Tac Ong cua Thuctng mai dien ter den cac nganh nghe 39 1.5 Ca sa vat chat, ky thuat va phap I9 de phat then TMDT 44 1.5.1 Xay dung ca sa phap I9 va chinh sach (vi mO) 44 1.5.2 Phat then tang ding nghe thOng tin va truyen thOng 47 1.5.3 Xay dung tang kien thuc - chinh sach ye dao tao nhan luc 48 1.5.4 Xay dung he th6ng bao mat thuang mai dien tir 49 1.5.5 Xay dung he th6ng toan dien to 50 1.5.6 Xay dung chin Vac va mO hinh kinh doanh 50 1.5.7 Xay dung nguOn nhan luc cho thucing mai dien tir 51 CHIJONG GIAO DICH DIEN TCI 53 2.1 Hap d6ng dien ter 53 2.1.1 Khai niem, dac diem hap d6ng then tir 53 2.1.2 K9 kel hap thing dien tir 59 2.1.3 Quy trinh thuc hien hap Tong dien ter 67 2.1.4 So sanh hap ding dien ter veil hap dong truyen th6ng 71 2.1.5 Dieu kien hieu luc cela kip dong dien to 74 2.1.6 MOt s6 diem can km sir dung kip (long dien tir 75 2.2 Thanh toan dien ter 78 2.2.1 TOng quan ye toan dien tir 78 2.2 MOt s6 hinh fink toan dien ter phO ben 86 2.2.3 Phan tich mot s6 tinh hu6ng toan dien ter 92 2.3 Chtl k9 s6 va dich vu chi:mg thuc chit ky s6 98 2.3.1 TOng quan ve chit k9 dien ter va chic ky s6 98 2.3.2 Chang thuc chit kjr then ter va dich vu chUng thuc chit kjr dien tir 112 a dam bao cho sit phat then dich vu chang thuc CKDT 131 2.3.3 Dieu kien Do TCI 143 3.1 TOng quan ye marketing dien tir 143 CHUCING MARKETING 3.1.1 Cac khai niem ca ban ye E-marketing 143 3.1.2 Cac hinh fink phat trien cc ban dm marketing dien ter 144 3.1.3 Liu diem ciia marketing din tit so vai marketing truyen th6ng 146 3.1.4 Tac Ong coa thuang mai dian to Mr' hoat Ong marketing 147 3.1.5 MOt s6 di& kin can de ap dung marketing dian tit °Ong 148 3.2 Cfng dung marketing din tit tong doanh nghiep 149 3.2.1 Nghien citu thi twang qua mang 149 3.2.2 Phan tich hanh vi mua s5m ciia khach hang qua mang 151 3.2.3 Phan doan thi twang marketing din tit 152 3.2.4 Cac chitin lilac marketing dien tit h6n hap (E-marketing mix) 155 3.3 ring dung marketing dian tit tong hoat Ong xuat nhap khgu 161 3.3.1 Khai thac he th6ng cac Trade Points ten Internet de gang cao 161 3.3.2 Khai thac cac san giao dich thong mai din to B2B 163 3.3.3 Tim hieu thOng tin thi twang qua Sc giao dich hang hoa ten Internet 163 3.3.4 Tim kiam thi truang va d6i tac ten Internet 164 3.3.5 He th6ng thOng tin xiic tin thuang mai ten Internet 166 3.3.6 Cac website thOng tin xilc tin thuang mai din hinh 167 3.3.7 WA s6 van de can km y ang dung marketing din tit 168 3.3.8 Nhitrig km y van dung marketing din to tong xuat nhap khgu 169 3.4 Phan tich bai tap tinh hu6ng 172 CHLIONG IV ROI RO VA PHONG TRANH ROI RO TRONG THIJONG MAI DIN TO 175 4.1 TOng quan ye an toan va phong tranh riii ro thuang mai din tit 175 4.1.1 Vai to dm an toan va phOng tranh riii ro tmng thuang mai dien tit 175 4.1.2 ROI ro thuang mai dian tit tai Viet Nam 176 4.1.3 Vai to cila chinh sach va quy trinh bao dam an toan d6i vai TMST 177 4.2 Riii ro chinh thong mai din tit 177 4.2.1 MOt s6 rig ro doanh nghiap co the gap phai thong mai dian tit 177 4.2.2 WO s6 clang tan cong vac) cac website thong mai din tit 178 4.3 Xay dung Id hoach an ninh cho thong mai dien to 4.3.1 NhCing bien phap ca ban dam bao an toan cho giao dich TMDT 181 182 4.3.2 C5c ben ph5p co ban nh5m dam bio an toan cho he th6ng TMDT 186 4.3.3 MOt s6 bien phap khac nhArn dam bao an toan cho he th6ng TMDT 188 4.4 Phan tich bai tap tinh hu6ng 189 4.4.1 D6i ph6 v6i cac vu tan cong vao website thong mai dien to 189 4.4.2 Phong chong lua dao qua mang (phishing) 190 4.4.3 GA ph5p Om rui ro thong mai dien ter cua iPremier 192 CHUONG V tING DUNG THUONG MAI DIEN TCI TRONG DOANH NGHlelp 197 5.1 Xay dung he their-1g thong mai dien ter doanh nghiep 197 5.1.1 Luu trir wesbite thong mai dien to 198 5.1.2 Ph5n mem giai ph5p thong mai dien to cho doanh nghiep 211 5.1.3 MOt s6 giai phap thong mai dien to cho doanh nghiep lan 221 5.2 Trien khai du an thong mai dien to doanh nghiep 227 5.2.1 Cac phong phap trien khai du an thong mai dien to doanh nghiep 227 5.2.2 Quy trinh xay dung ph5n mem Cmg dung thucmg mai dien to 227 5.2.3 Quy trinh mua va trien khai phan mem thong mai dien to 244 5.2.4 Ky nang quan Iy du an thucmg mai dien to doanh nghiep 250 5.3 lIng dung cOng nghe th6ng tin vao quan tri quan he kh5ch hang 252 5.3.1 T6ng quan ye CRM 252 5.3.2 Cac chirc Wang ca ban cua CRM 261 5.3.3 Quy trinh trien khai CRM doanh nghiep 262 5.3.4 Lua chop giai ph5p CRM phis hap voi doanh nghiep 263 5.3.5 Kinh nghiem erng dung CRM doanh nghiep 268 5.4 Dig dung cong ngh6 thong tin pan tri chu6i cung (mg caa doanh nghi6p 5.4.1 T6ng quan ye Quin tri Chu6i cung (mg (SCM - Supply Chain Management) 274 5.4.2 Cac lui Ich cela SCM 280 5.4.3 Cac chirc nang chO y6u cua he thong SCM 281 5.4.4 Phan tich cac bai hoc ye (mg dung SCM cong 283 5.4.5 Cac phan mem ang dung quin l chu6i cung (mg 285 5.4.6 *rich hcrp chuoi cung (mg va quail tri nguOn luc doanh nghi6p 291 5.4.7 Phan tich bai tap tinh huting 292 5.5 (Ing dung cong nghe th6ng tin vao quan tri nguOn luc doanh nghrep 294 5.5.1 Tang quan ye ERP 294 5.5.2 Trier) khai du an ERP 295 5.5.3 Lila chon giai phap ERP ph0 hap vOi doanh nghi6p 306 5.5.4 Bai hoc kinh nghi'6m ye (mg dung ERP cong 314 5.5.5 Cai dat va Set dung phen mem ERP 5.6 Xay dung k6 hoach kinh doanh din ter 274 317 323 5.6.1 -Icing quan ye k6 hoach kinh doanh di6n to 323 5.6.2 C6u trim Ice hoach kinh doanh di6n ter 326 5.6.3 MO to Chung ye hoat thing kinh doanh: Sir mang, tam nhin, muc tieu 333 5.6.4 MO hinh kinh doanh 342 5.6.5 Phan tich thi trudng 348 5.6.6 Phan tich canh tranh 353 5.6.7 T6 chit thuc hiOn 358 5.6.8 Phan tich hi6u qua tai chinh 363 5.6.9 Trinh bay kg hoach kinh doanh din ter mot cach hi6u qua 366 5.7 Xay dung quan ly website thuang mai dien to va ban hang truc tuyen 368 5.7.1 Cac cong nghe xay dung website thuang mai dien tir 368 5.7.2 May chi) web, He quan tri ca set di? lieu, NgOn ngir lap trinh web 368 5.7.3 Cai dat va quan 19 website thucrng mai dien tir 372 5.7.4 Cai dat va quan 19 cira hang truc tuy6n 380 5.7.5 Nang cap va phat trien website thuang mai dien tit 382 5.7.6 Thuc hanh sir dung hap Tong dien tir va toan dien tir B2C 382 5.8 Phan tich bai tap tinh hu6ng 382 5.8.1 Case Land's End Tau to vao Thuang mai dien tit 382 5.8.2 Case Sear va viec ang dung thuang mai dien tit 384 Bai thuc hanh: cai dat va sir dung mot s6 phan mem CRM 386 CHUCING VI LUAT DIEU CHINH THUCING MAI 010 ICI 395 6.1 Khai quat khung phap19 ye thong mai dien tir ten the giai 395 6.1.1 Luat mAu ye thong mai dien tir cira UNCITRAL 395 6.1.2 Luat mAu ye chit k9 dien tit cira UNCITRAL 396 6.1.3 COng uac ciia Lien hdp qu6c ye sir dung chang tir dien tir hap Tong thuang mai qu6c t6 397 6.2 Khung phap19 ye thong mai dien tir cua mot s6 nuac va khu vuc 397 6.2.1 Khung phap Ijr ye thong mai dien tir cua Hoa Ky 397 6.2.2 Khung phap Ijr ye thuang mai dien tir dm Singapore 400 6.2.3 Khung phap 19 ye thuang mai then tir cira Canada 402 6.2.4 Khung phap 19 ye thong mai then tit dm EU 403 6.2.5 Khung phap 19 ye thuang mai dien tir cua APEC 404 6.2.6 Khung phap19 ye thong mai dien tir cila ASEAN 405 6.3 Nhiing tap quan quoc to lien quan den thuang mai dien tir 406 6.3.1 Incoterms 2010 406 6.3.2 eUCP 406 6.4 Khung phap 19 ye thuang mai dien ter cua Viet Nam 407 6.4.1 Luat ding nghe thOng tin 407 6.4.2 Luat giao dich dien ter 407 6.4.3 Nghl dinh s6 57/2006/ND-CP ye thong mai dien tit 408 6.4.4 Nghl dinh s6 26/2007/ND-CP ye chit va dich vu chi:mg thuc chi: s6 q s6 410 6.4.5 Nghi dinh s6 27/2007/ND-CP ye giao dich dien tir hoat Ong tai chinh 412 6.4.6 Nghi dinh s6 3512007/NB-CP ye giao dich dien to hoat Ong ngan hang 414 Phu lyc 1: Cac mO hinh thong mai dien tiithanh ding tran the gidi 415 GENERAL MOTOR: Sang kien thong mai dien tit B2B 452 Phu lyc 2: Quy trinh ky ket va thuc hien hap dung dien ter bang email 455 Phu Ric 3: Luat mAu cila UNCITRAL ye thong mai dien ter (Model Law on Electronic Commerce) 475 Phyc lyc 3: UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures 486 Phu luc 4: United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 493 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 505 10 DANH MIX CAC TO VIET TAT Danh muc tir viet tat tieng Anh Chir viet tat Titng Vitt Titng Anh ADOC APEC Digital Opportunity Center Trung tam Ca hOi s6 dm APEC AFACT Asia-Pacific Council for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business WO d6ng Kinh doanh din tir va Thu'an lgi hOa thucmg mai APEC Asia-Pacific Economics Cooperation Digit dan hop tac kink to chau A Thai Binh Duang ATM Automated Teller Machine May rut tin to dOng B2B Business To Business (electronic commerce) Thtrang mai din tir gifta DN va DN B2Bi Business To Business Integration Tich hop N th6ng thucmg mai din tir B2B B2C Business To Consumer (electronic consumer) Thuang mai din tir gift doanh nghi'e'p va Ca nhan C2C Consumer To Consumer (electronic commerce) Thucmg mai din tir gift ca nhan va ca than CA Cetification Authority Ca quan chirng thuc CKDT CISG Convention on International Sales of Goods C8ng trac Vial nam 1980 ve mua ban hang hoa QT CRM Customer Relationship Management Quan tri quan N lc.hach hang eCoSys Electronic Certificate of Origin System HO th6ng khai bao C/O din tir - 11 Chu viet tat A Tieng Anh Titng VW EDI Electronic Data Interchange ERP Enterprise Resource Planning Ke hoach nguon luc doanh nghiep E-SIGN Electronic Signature on Global and National Commerce LuSt CKDT thuong mai qu8c gia va quoc to dm Hoa KS/ EU European Union Lien minh chat' Au IDC International Data Corporation Cong ty dit lieu qu6c to ITC Information and Cong nghe thong tin va Communication Technology truyen thong OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development To chirc phat trien hop tac kinh to Root CA Root Certification Authority Ca quan chimg thuc chit 14 dien tir g6c SCM Supply Chain Management Quan 15, chuOi cung img UCC Uniformed Commercial Code LuSt thuang mai th6ng nhSt dm Hoa KS, UETA Uniformed Electronic Transaction Act LuSt giao dich dien tir th6ng nhAt dm Hoa KS, UN/ United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business Uy ban dm LHQ ve Thuan loi Ma TM va kinh doanh dien tir CEFACT Trao d6i dir lieu dien tir UNCITRAL United Nations Conference for International Trade Law Uy ban dm Lien hop qu6c ve Lust thucmg mai qu6c to United Nations Conference for Trade and Development Uy ban ciia Lien hop qu6c ve Thuang mai va phat trien UNCTAD 12 lien hanh thay dfii hoat Ong kinh doanh bang each img dung ding ngh'e cao va Internet vao hoat Ong san xuat ding nhu phan ph6i san pham va dich vu tai khach hang mot each nhanh nhat, tot nhat va hieu qua t6i da Nha viec sir dung website de lien lac va giao tiep voi cac nha cung cap va nha phan phOi ma ding ty da tiet kiem duce khoang 25% chi phi mua sam Ford ding cho phep khach hang thiet ke cac kieu xe tren web va tir san xuat dua ten nhimg thiet ke 1.4.4 Tdc citing din hogt citing tai chink, ki loan Thucmg mai dien tir la viec img dung ding nghe thong tin vao mgi hoat dOng thucmg mai, chinh vi le ma hoat dOng tai chinh va ke toan linh vuc có nhimg dac trung rieng Khac biet lan nhat Oita hoat Ong tai chinh, ke toan linh yip thuang mai dien tir so vai tniyen tilting chu yeu la nam a he th6ng toan dien dr Gia day he thOng toan truyen th6ng la khong hieu qua voi hoat dOng thucmg mai dien tir, thay vao la viec trien khai cac giai phap toan trgc tuyen Giai phap toan trgc tuyen da giup cho khach hang va doanh nghiep tiet kiem dugc rat nhieu chi phi va thai gian &Ong thai day nhanh t6c dO giao dich hoat Ong tai chinh, ke toan Hien nay, linh vuc thuang mai dien tir da xuat hien nhieu thuat ngcr mai nhu vi dien tir, tien dien Trong linh vgc ngan hang da hinh va phat tritn nhieu hoat dOng mai nhu: ngan hang trgc tuyen, toan the tinh dung trgc tuyen, toan bang the thong minh, ngan hang di Ong 1.4.5 Tdc citing din hogt citing ngogi thuang Thucmg mai dien tir co mot dac diem la thi tnxang toan eau, phi bien giai cho nen hoat Ong ngoai thucmg giai down co nhimg diem khac biet so veri hoat dOng ngoai thuang truac day Nha viec img dung thucmg mai dien tir ma viec tien hanh cac hoat dOng ngoai thucmg cang tra len dang han, dac biet la dOi ved hoat Ong xuat nhap khau hang hem s6 hog nhu sach dien tir, ban nhac, phim, anh hay dich vu nhu dich vu tai chinh, dich vu van Ngoai thucmg mai dien tir da giup cac doanh nghiep giam dugc nhieu chi phi va thoi gian bao g•Sm chi phi di lai, chi phi giao dich, chi phi cho trung gian Hien thuang mai dien tir dugc xem la mOt ding cu htru hieu cho viec tien hanh cac hoat Ong xuat nhap Ichau cua a 38 cac doanh nghiep vira va nhO Trien khai thuang mai dien tir, hay viec tirng dpng web va Internet vao hoat Ong kinh doanh da gifip cac doanh nghiep co the tiep can nhanh chOng toi cac thi truong tren toan cau voi chi phi thap ma khong phai qua bat cir trung gian nao Hoa ICSr la qu6c gia dau tien lien hanh cac hoat Ong thuang mai dien ttr va da thu duor nhieu lgi ich to lon viec thfic day hoat Ong ngoai thucmg Hien nay, hoat dOng thong mai dien tir dm my chiem khoang 4/5 tong s6 giao dich thuang mai dien tir tren town cau Nam 2007 tong kim nghach xuat nhap lch'au dm my chiem khoang 1/9 tong kim nghach xuat nhap khau cua town the gieri Qua day thay rang thuang mai dien to co tac dOng to 16n tOi hoat dOng ngoai thuang cua nuac 1.4.6 Mc dg'ng din Thuong mgi din a din cac nganh ngh'J 1.4.6.1 Tac dOng ceta Thwang mgi dien to din nganh am nhac, giai tri Hinh 1.4 MO hinh Nginh am Mug va giii tri trip tuyen Trong eau trim cua nganh am nhac truyan thong, tong ngha dtrot phat trian tit, ben nganh tong nghiep in sang bang, hoac tir nh&ng nha phan ph6i hoac cac b0 phan marketing Tirng 130 phan c6 chirc nang rieng, luting thOng tin va nOi dung hang h6a Ong dvac chuyan tai theo mOt Wong nhat (dr ngha s9 tbi ngutri tieu dung) Do dd, cac Vng dung, Ong ngha va cac m6 hinh kinh doanh dau mang tinh tTnh Han n&a, kh6ng cho phep hoan d6i vai tr6 cua nghe s9 va ngtrtri tieu dung nh(rng ngutri dau cua chu trinh, va ca nghe s9 ding nhtr ngutri tieu dUng dau kheng can thiep gl ye ca mat Ong ngha va thvang mai chu trinh trim Sr anh hurting cua tong ngh0 mai chi xay tai nhCrng khu vvc rieng biat Cong nghe P2P chi dtrcec sir dung 6' ngoai chu trinh ten Nganh am nhac: sawn xuat va xuat ban Phan ph6i Ban la Phat sang Biau thin trvc beta Trkrc tuyen Radio Phvang truyan thong Kham pha Bieu then Khan gia Ng dung P2P ten nen tang Internet va mang may tlnh: Kazaa, Ovemet, Winmx • •••0 • W ••••••• Ngudn: UNCTA D, 2005, Information Economy Report Trong mo hinh ten, cau frac va quy trinh cua nganh am nhac hau nhu van gift nhu truyen th6ng, hau het hoat Ong phan ph6i duqc thpc hien 39 thong qua ban le, va marketing cita cac cong &mg nguai nghe nhac thong qua cac kenh truyen thong Str lien b6 re, rang nhat la viec phan ph6i ban le img dung thucmg mai dien tir vai cac dia nhac nen dtroc rao ban qua mang nhung ducfc giao hang bang phucmg phap truyen th6ng (qua dich vv buu dien hoac chuyen phat nhanh) Cac nha ban le trvc tuyen ding cung cap them cac dich vu hO tro tim kiem va cung cap thong tin ve cac nghe sy thong qua web hoac email cho cac khach hang Tuy nhien, ding von sir phat trien manh me cita cong nghe thong tin, Internet da tac dOng manh me ham teri nganh am nhac Vai Internet, c6 loci may tinh, la may chit va may khach May chit (cac nha phan ph6i, cung cap san pham am nhac) de hru frit du lieu va thong tin, may khach (nguai tieu dung) danh cho nguai sir citing a tim kiem va tra ciru thong tin Tuy nhien hien nay, ranh giai da m6 di: Thu nhat la cong nghe du6mg truyen bang thong Ong, luon trang thai ket n6i Veri dia chi IP co dinh, may tinh d6 CO the tra may chit nhung twang hop nhat dinh Thin hai la cong nghe chia se du lieu ngang hang ding co kha nang chuyen mot may tinh ca nhan thong thuang nhat mot may chit Tinh tv va tinh ma da lam nen cu6c cach mang thong tin th6ri gian qua MO hinh eau trim cita nganh am nhac thay d6i Thay d6i thir nhat, da la huong nhat tir san xuat to:5i viec phan ph6i da thay d6i, nghe sy, nguai tieu dung va cac b6 phan nganh am nhac da hoa mot mpg von str ho tro cita cong nghe Internet may d6i thir hai, da la cac chuc nang cita hoat dOng san xuat, phan ph6i va marketing da "tra thanh" cac img dung, mang tinh trung lap han va it bi phv thu6c han vao str khong chic chin cua m6i quan he tucmg tac qua lai gift cac nghe si va cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh link \Ty am nhac Cong nghe tra ngu6n ltrc chung cho tat ca nhung tham gia vao nganh va cong nghe P2P cung dugc dp ding tren pham vi quec te, viec san xuat cac san pham An theo cita cac fan cong tang len 1.4.6.2 Tac deing cua Thuang mgi dien tit din nganh gicio duc Vai str phat trien cita ding nghe dien tir va dac biet la str dal va phat then cita Internet, nganh giao dvc da cung cap nhung hinh thirc dao tao mai: ngoai dao tao Ulm tiep tren giang du6mg hay dao tao tir xa truyen thOng 40 co hinh thirc dao tao dien tir (e-learning) Dao tao dien tir co the la dao tao true tuyen (online education) hoac h6n hop (blended learning) Dao tao dien tir la viec sir dung cac phuang tien dien tir (nhu dai, tivi, CD/DVD, may tinh hay email, web) de dux hien cac hinh thirc dao tao Dao tao truc tuyen la mot phan ciia dao tao dien tir, tong chu yen sir dung Internet de cung cap cac kh6a hoc tut tuyen cho phep trao d6i gala giao vien va nguai h9c qua mang Dao tao hon hgp la su ket hqp cua cac hinh thirc tren, tren thuc to chu yeu la su ket hop gifra dao tao truc tuyen va hu•6mg dan truc tiep Hinh 1.5 Mo hinh ciao tao tric tuyen Ngujn: UNCTA D, 2005, Information Economy Report Dao tao true tuyen da phat trien manh Nguyen nhan, chinh la cong nghe Internet tao nhang &Ong luc cho viec dai to va phat tri'en hinh thirc dao tao nay: - Nang cao nang luc cung cap dich vu dao tao: Internet cho phep tiep can duqc voi nhieu dtd Wang h9c horn or nhimg vimg dia 1Sr xa hon, kho co dien kien sir dung dich vx.1 dao tao truyen th6ng - Nang cao chat lugng h9c: HQC true tuyen cho phep tang cuing kha nang ca biet h6a vai timg nguii h9c, mem deo han va tang su hp ch9n cho nguoi hoc, tir dO nang cao chat lugng h9c 41 - Tang cuOng kha nang tiep can: Dao tao dien to c6 the cung cap cac giai phap hau hieu dei \red nhilng van de ve tiep can gido vien - Hieu qua ve chi phi: Dao tao dien tir co kha nang lam tang nang hrc cung cap dich vv va tang kha nang tiep can cua sinh vien, d6 co kha nang tiet kiem chi phi (cung cap dich vv cho nhieu nguiyi h9c vOi chi phi thap han) thong qua viec giam chi phi dei vai timg h9c vien, tir d6 nang cao vi the tai chinh cua t6 chirc dao tao Tuy nhien, tinh kinh to quy mo cua dao tao true tuytn tren thvc to chua the hien ro vi dau tu ban dau vao ca sO tang kha cao, va bulk khOi dau can nhieu th&i gian - Tang ctr•mg kha nang nam gift cac kgr nang va co so tang ye cong nghe thong tin, tir day math viec tiep can den nen kinh to tri thuc - Chien lugc marketing va canh tranh: Vi dao tao trvc tuyen chinh dau tu cho tucmg lai, nen cac t6 chin cung cap dich vv dao tao phai dau tu vao tang cho dao tao trvc tuyen de co the canh tranh va eon tai dugc dai han - Hien nay, rat nhieu trueng dai hoc tren the gioi, ca nhung nuac phat trien va nhftng nu& dang phat trien da cung cap dich vv dao tao trvc tuyen: University of Monterrey (Mexico); Mauritius University; National University (Lesotho); Indira Gandhi Open University (An Do); UK Open University; LEAD (Anh); UN University (UNCTAD TrainForTrade); Finnish Virtual University; UK eUniversity; Malaysia University of Science and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Mt); Doanh se dao tao trvc tuyen teen the gieri nam 2002 la 6.6 tST USD (5,6 tS, tir nu& my) va nam 2006 la 23.7 tSr USD) va se tang cao 1.4.6.3 Teic cl(mg cua Thttang mgi (lien tit din Chinh phzi dien tit Chinh phu cua haft het cac quec gia hien nay, yeti su phat trien manh me cua thucmg mai dien dr, cung dang c6 nhang buck di tich cvc de lien tai xay dung mOt Chinh phu dien tir, cac dich vg &Ong cua Chinh phir va cac giao dich v&i Chinh phir dugc th%rc hien qua mpg, thuang mai hoac phi thucmg mai Cac dich vv phi thuang mai thuOng bao g6m: thong tin ding cong (xuat ban cac ket qua nghien ciru khoa h9c, thong tin y to trvc tuyen, dao tao cong trvc tuyen), thuan 19i h6a viec toan (nOp to khai thus dien tit, nOp phat,) hoac cac dich vu khac Cac dich vv thuang mai cira chinh phir bao g6m: nhttng hoat dOng xac nhan danh tinh (hi) chieu, chimg 42 minh thu, ), bang cAp (bang lai xe, clang IcS7 O to xe may), ding nhu clang 14/ thu thud dien tir TAt ca cac giao dich ten deu c6 the sir dung voi su ho trg cua phuang tien dien tir, dac biet la Internet Thucmg mai dien tir ding c6 tac dOng manh den quy trinh mua sarn cua Chinh phu V6i su khac biet to net mua sam to (kinh doanh thucmg mai) va mua sam cong, quy trinh mua sam cong can phai dam bao tat ca nhi-mg nha cung cAp ti'em nang deu phai dugc thong bao ve cuOc dau thAu, va khong co nha cung cap nao c6 the co lgi the thong tin nguiyi khac Ngoai ra, yeu t6 minh bach, cac quy dinh mad than phai ro rang va de hieu de de chAm thAu, va viec guy& dinh thAu cong phai theo nhUng trinh to da dugc thiet lap, th6ng nhdt va ro rang tren gidy tar Chinh phu dien tir ding phai dam bao thuc hien dugc nhimg tieu chudn teen cho viec mua sam Hien nay, chin lugc mua sam dien tir dap ling cac yeu cAu tren dang dugc cac qu6c gia nghien ciru va nhieu nuerc d'A dua vao ap 1.4.6.4 Tac clang caa Thworg mai clien to clin nganh Bao hi'dm Clung vOi su dad dm Internet, nganh bao hiem ding ca hinh thirc kinh doanh Bao hiem dien tir va cAu truc cua nganh bao hiem cling thay Khi chua CO Internet, cAu trim nganh bao hiem hAu nhu theo chieu ngang, do, cac khach hang - nguari dugc bao hiem (ca than hoac cong ty) chuS/en rui ro sang cho nguati bao hiem hoac tai bao hiem Viec chuyen rui ro co the thuc hien trIrc tiep hoac thong qua trung gian la cac dai 1S, hay mai gioi bao hiem Hinh 1.6 Mo hinh kinh doanh bio ham chua co Internet Ngtroi bao hiem Khich hang Trung gian Tai bao ham Ngudn: UNCTAD, 2002, Information Economy Report 43 Khi thi tnrang va nganh bao hiem hoat dOng dva ten nen Internet, mo hinh ten da thay d6i Duang chuyen dui ro va thong tin dr nguai mua bao hiem sang nguai bao hiem/tai bao hiem da khong can Nguai mua bao hiem co the c6 nhieu cach de co dugc thong tin ve cac dich vu bao hiem va chinh sach bao hiem Nha bao hiem va tai bao hiem ding nhu dai 15, va trung gian bao hiem ding ma rOng thi truang horn thong qua viec hien dien tren internet MOt diem mai, la viec sir dying cac tieu chuan nganh bao hiem (ACORD), tao thuan lgi hon giao dich va them thuan bao hiem WA diem mai ncra la sv xuat hien dm phan mem tuong tac (middleware), cho phep chia se ngutm thong tin va dit lieu giita cac nha bao hiem von nen kinh to Internet 1.5 Ca vat chat, ky thuftt va phap is de phat trien TMDT Theo nghien ciru dm CommerceNet (commerce.net), 10 can troy lon nhat cua TMDT tai my not rieng va cac nuac tren the giai not chung theo thin tier la: De mat an toan Thieu tin tuang va rui ro Thieu nhan luc ve TMDT Khac biet van hoa Thieu tang ye chit 14 s6 hoe (hoat dOng cua cac to chirc chimg thuc hen che) Nh'Sn thirc cua cac t6 chirc ve TMDT chua cao Gian 1Sri TMDT (the tin dung ) Cac sin giao dich B2B chua thvc sv than thien vai nguai dung Cac rao can thuang mai qu6c to truyen th6ng 10.Thieu cac tieu chuan qu6c t6 ve TMDT V'Sy de hen the nhang rao can not tren nham phat trien thuong mai dien tir hon nita thi can phai quan tam tai nhitng van de clued day: 1.5.1 My dyng ccsd phdp ly va chinh sach (If mb) De TMDT phat trien, truac het can c6 mot he thtmg phap lust va chinh sach vfmg yang, tao mOi truang thuan 19i cho cac giao dich TMDT Dieu 44 se khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep, co quan va t6 chirc tham gia vao TMDT; tao long tin va bao ve nguai tieu dung TMDT v6i dac trung c6 tang cong nghe phat trien rat nhanh, dO xay dung ca sa phap 1ST cho TMDT khong nhang phai dat dugc mac tieu tao thuan 19i cho cac hoat dOng TMDT, ma phai mang tinh ma de tao dieu kien img dung nhttng cong nghe mai cho TMDT tang phat trien hon Xay dung co so phap 1ST va chinh sach cho TMDT phai giai guy& dugc nhOng van de chinh sau: (i) Thira nhan gia tri phap 1ST cho tat ca nhimg giao dich dugc that hien thong qua cac phuong tien dien tit Dieu dam bao cho cac doanh nghiep tham gia TMDT, khuon kh6 cho phep, tinh Nip phap thuc hien nhimg hoat dOng thucmg mai dien (ii) Hai hoa h6a gift cac quy dinh co lien quan cua phap luat lien quan den TMDT: Ngoai viec thira nhan gia tri phap 151 cho cac giao dich TMDT, cac van de lien quan nhu: gia tri nhu van ban, van de ban g6c, van de chit IcST va dau, van de gia tri lam chimg ma cac luat chung hoc luat chuyen nganh yeu cau dai vai cac giao dich truyen thong, phai dugc quy dinh cu the d6i vai giao dich TMDT (iii) Co chinh sach de tao moi twang canh tranh nhat de phat trien nhang nen tang cho TMDT nhu• chinh sach dau tu va phat trien d6i voi thi to:mg ICT, chinh sach uu tien phat trien va ung dung cong nghe ICT vao hoat dOng cua cac t6 chirc, doanh nghiep va ca nhan, (iv) Co chinh sach bao ve quyen sac hiru tri tue va bao ve nguai tieu dimg Hien nay, viec xay dtmg co sa phap 15, cho Thucmg,mai dien dang rat dugc quan tam tren Ca pham vi quoc te va pham vi quoc gia: a Cac td auk Quoc ti - UNCITRAL - Uy ban dm LHQ ve Luat Thuang mai Qu6c te: di au viec dua Luat mAu va Thum-1g mai dien tit vao nam 1996 - OECD - T6 chirc Hop tac va Phat trien Kinh te: di dau v6' cac nghien cfru, dieu tra mot s6 rinh vac cua Thuong mai dien tir nhu thue, bao ve nguai tieu dung va rieng to ca nhan, tac Ong cita ICT den tang truang kinh ta - WIPO - T6 chirc Bao ve SO huu tri tue: di du ve cac linh vac ban quyen, nhan hieu thuong mai va cac van de lien quan den ten mien 45 - ICANN - giai quyet cac tranh chip ve ten mien qu6c ve - WTO - giai quyet cac van de lien quan den rao can thucmg mai dien tir qu6c tt - Phong Thucmg mai qu6c to ICC: ban phu tnrcmg cira UCP (eUCP) quy dinh cac van de lien quan den viec xuat trinh chfmg tir dien tir; Incoterms 2000, 2010 dieu chinh tap quan Thucmg mai Qu6c to co tinh den cac giao dich Thucmg mai dien b Cac nu& Tren thi gieri va Khu vrfc: - EU: Nam 2000 dua hu6ng clan chung ve thucmg mai dien tir "Directive on electronic commerce" - My: Luat giao dich dien tir th6ng nhat UETA (Uniform Electronic Transactions Act) - Canada: Luat giao dich dien - Australia: Luat giao dich dien tir cac bang - Singapore: Luat giao dich dien tir, nam 1998 c Viet Nam - V e chinh sach: Viet Nam ding da s&m nhan nhimg lgi ich ve thucmg mai dien tir dem lai cho nen kinh te, the hien sir quan tam dinh huang cua chinh phu chinh sach phat trien kinh to tir nhiing nam 2005 frac lai day nhu sau: + Chinh sach quan nhat, lien quan tryc tiep tai boat dOng thucmg mai dien tir la "Ks hoach tong the phat trien thucmg mai dien tir giai doan 2006-2010", tier, den la giai doan 2011-2015 + Chinh sach lien quan den phat trien tang chung ye cong nghe thong tin nhu "Chien lugc phat trien ding nghe thong tin va truyen thong Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020"( g9i tat la "Chien lugc eat earth") + Chinh sach ho trg doanh nghiep frng dung ding nghe thong tin nhu hOi "De an HO trg doanh nghiep img dung cong nghe th6ng tin plitic nhap va phat trien giai dop 2005-2010" + Ke hoach tong the phat trien Chinh phir dien tir den nam 2010, 2015 + Ke hoach tong the frng dung va phat trien cong nghe thong tin nghanh thucmg mai an nam 2010 46 + De an toan khong dimg tien mat giai don 2006-2010 va dinh huong d6n nAm 2020 tai Viet Nam - Ve luAt phap: Trong thin gian qua, cac ca quan nha nuOc da tich cuc xiy dtmg, hoan chinh va b6 sung cac quy dinh phap luAt lien quan tai thuong mai dien tir Nha nuov da ban hanh rat nhieu luAt chi tit cling nghi dinh va thong tu huang dan + Thong 12/2005 Viet Nam da ban hanh LuAt giao dich dien tir (co hieu Itrc tir 1/3/2006) + Nghi dinh s6 57/2006/ND-CP ve Thucmg mai dien tir + Nghi dinh s6 26/2007/ND-CP qui dinh chi tier thi hanh LuAt giao dich dien tir ve Chit' ky s6 va Dich vu chimg thtrc chit lqr s6 + Nghi dinh s6 27/2007/ND-CP ve Giao dich dien tit hoat dOng tai chinh + Nghi dinh s6 35/2007/ND-CP ve Giao dich dien tir hoat dOng ngan hang + Thong tu s6 09/2008/TT-BCT huang an nghi dinh thucmg mai dien tit ve cung cap th6ng tin va giao ke't hop d6ng teen website thucmg mai dien dr Ngoai thi Viet Nam dang dtr thao thong tu huang an ve giao dich dien tir linh vtrc chimg lchoan Ben canh nhitng luAt, nghi dinh dieu chinh chi tiel cac hoat dOng linh vtrc thuong mai dien tit, thi thucmg mai dien tit tai nu& to chiu sir dieu chinh cua cac nguon luAt chung nhu BO luAt Dan str, LuAt Thucmg mai, LuAt Hai quan, LuAt Cong nghe thong tin 1.5.2 Phdt &len h9 tang cong nghe thOng tin va truybs thong TMDT la nhimg giao dich thucmg mai dugc thtrc hien chit y e u thong qua may tinh va mang Internet Do do, de TMDT co the phat trien dugc, yeu cau ve tang cong nghe th6ng tin va truyen th6ng la khong the thieu Cac y6u t6 tang CNTT va truyen thong bao g6m: - Nganh ding nghiep thiet bi ICT (may tinh, thiet bi mang, ) Day la cac y6u t6 thuOc ve "phan cung" au tu cho TMDT - Nganh cong nghiep phan mem - Nganh van thong (cac he thAng dich vu van thong c6 dinh, di dOng, ) - Internet va cac dich vu gia tang dva ten nen Internet 47 - Bao met, an toan va an ninh mang - Xay dung tang CNTT va truyen thong de TMDT phat trier' phai dat dugc nhung mac tieu sau: - Cho phdp ngueri dan va cac to chic, doanh nghiep co the sir ding cac thiet bi CNTT va truyen thong nhu may tinh va cac thiet bi xi 1Sr - Cho pile') ngtrai dan va cac to chic, doanh nghiep tiep can va sir dung dich vu vien thong co ban va Internet von gia re Ngoai ra, mgi doanh nghiep, cong ding va cong dan deu dugc ket not va tiep can ton co sa tang bang ring - Thiet lap dugc cac he thing mang vien thong c6 dinh va khong day manh Nang cao nang lac duemg tuyen von he thing bang th8ng ring, cho phep cac t6 chic va doanh nghiep co the sir dung cac dich Nrki chit lugng cao vao cac img dung TMDT dia minh yen chi phi chip nhan dugc Ngoai viec dau to mori cho cac thiet bi, viec nang cap cac he thing thiet bi hien theri la dieu khong the thieu, vi cac img dung TMDT cang phirc tap, dung lugng dir lieu can truyen tai cang lan hon, do, yeu cau ve met thiet bi va cong ngh'e ding cao hon 1.5.3 Xtsly dung lig tang kiln that - chink Rich ve dao tgo nhan hfc TMDT lien quan den viec img dung cong nghe th8ng tin vao cac giao dich thuong mai Do do, de co the trien lchai dugc boat ding thuong mai dien tir thi doi heti nguin than lvc cho boat ding can phai hieu ro nhung kiln thirc co ban ve thuong mai dien tir Dieu ding ngifia yen viec phai co chinh sach ve tuyen truyen va dao tao nguin nhan lvc cho TMDT, phi bien kiln thirc chung cho mgi ngued dan ve viec sir dung ding nhu yen hanh cac phan mem TMDT Thucmg mai dien tir lai la mot finh vac can rat mai nhung lai phat trien nhanh chong vey dao tao nhan lac nham phat trier' thuong mai dien to hon nua la rat can thiet Ngoai ra, hoat Ong thuong mai dien tir thi truing la town cau, va chi co nhat mot gia cho mot loai sari pham a tat ca cac thi truing lchac nhau, Vey ma nguoi la than to guy& dinh tao su khac biet gala cac doanh nghiep Chinh vi Vey ma dao tao nguin lvc thuong mai dien tit la mot yeti to tii quan trgng d6i vai sir cong cua timg doanh nghiep not rieng ding nhu ton su phat trien ciia boat Ong thuong mai not chung 48 1.5.4 Xay dying he titling bdo mgt thwo'ng mgi clien ter Trong b6i canh lugng thong tin va giao dich trao d6i qua mang tang nhanh, van de an toan, an ninh mang not Chung va cho diming mai dien tir not rieng dang cang dugc cac t6 chirc, doanh nghiep quan tam Viec xay dung he th6ng bao mat TMDT phai dat dugc nhimg muc tieu co ban: - Chtmg 10 cac cuOc tan ding voi muc dich lay cap th8ng tin: Thong tin cac giao dich TMDT rat nhay cam va can phai dugc bao ve Co rat nhieu dang tan cong nham lay not dung thong tin: tan ding tren duang truyen dit lieu , ngan chan cac thong bao gala may chic va may khach, hoac truy cap vao may chi/may khach a d, dugc not dung ciia cac thong bao Du dang nao, cac he th6ng cling can phai co nhimg bien phap thich hop de phan irng va ngan chan cac cuOc tan cong tren - Bao dam tinh bi mat dm th8ng tin: chi nhitng nguai c6 quyen mai dugc phep xem va sira not dung thong tin Tren thuc te, nhieu thong tin nhay cam co the bi xam pham bat hop phap va dieu c6 the gay nhimg hau qua rat lan neu khong dugc ngan chan Vi du, cac th6a thuan hop d6ng gitra cong ty A va cong ty B la hoan toan rieng to va chi nhiing nguiyi c6 tranh nhiem lien quan a hai cong ty dugc biet Truang hop met nguiii cua cong ty d6i thu canh tranh vori cac deg ty ten bik dugc va mutm gay hai, ho c6 the doc va sir dung th6ng tin va co the gay thiet hai ion cho ca hai cong ty A va B Nhfing tn.rang hop tuang to can dugc loai bo mot he th6ng TMDT - Bao dam tinh tinh toan yen ciia thong tin: Thong tin di tir ngutin tai dich khong bi sira doi Tren thuc te, nhieu thong tin nhay cam bi d61 thu chan lai tren duOmg di, tim cach sira d6i nOi dung r6i tiep tuc gun dEn dia chi dich ma nguai nhan hoan toan khong biet ve viec sira d6i Do vay, he th6ng TMDT can c6 nhang giai phap kiem sok thong tin, nha.m phat hien su mao danh ding nhu su khong toan yen ciia thong tin nguai sir dung can den thong - Bao dam tinh sgn sang cilia di tin, Chung phai co va a tang thai co the khai thac dugc Tren thuc te, tin tac c6 the dimg nhieu hinh thirc de lam giam tinh s'An sang dm he th6ng, hoac cach thirc dan gian nhat la tao nghiem tong hon, lam te liet he th6ng 49 mOt so lucmg lem cac goi tin yeu eau dugc xir 151 cong mOt theri gian, lam cho he thOng kh6ng c6 kha nang dap ling De dat dugc nhitng mix tieu tren, mot to chirc hay ca nhan deu phai nghien ciru dau tu, xay dung mOt chien lugc an toan mang cho chinh minh Buoy &Au tien cho chi& lugc nay, chinh la xac dinh nhang "tai san" hay nhUng thong tin gi can phai bao mat Sau do, xac dinh quyen truy cap nhimg thong tin thuc ve nhung cong ty hay t6 chirc cua minh, va cu6i cling, tim kiem nhimg nguon luc va giai phap de bao ve nhung thong tin Ay Nhimg nguifin luc Ay c6 the la: tu xay dung hoac mua cac phAn mem bao mat, phan cling, cac thiet bi bao ye 1.5.5 Xay dung he thong loan dien to MOt nhirng khau ca ban quy trinh thuc hien thucmg mai dien tir la khau toan Su phat trien cua hoat dOng toan thuang mai dien tir da giup cho hoat dOng thuang mai tra len de dang va IA mOt chu trinh hoan chinh Thanh toan dien tir co sir dung den cac phucmg den dien tir ket not mang vign thong cho nen toan thucmg mai dien tir cling co nhitng dac thu rieng, hoat dOng toan dien tir khong nhat thiet phai gan lien voi mOt ngan hang hay to chirc tai chinh truyen thtmg ma c6 the thOng qua mOt to chirc trung gian cung cap dich vu toan qua mang Thanh toan dien tir phat trien giup day nhanh hoat dOng ngoai thucmg gicra cac qu6c gia voi nhau, khong chi hoat &ling xuat nhap khau giita cac doanh nghiep voi ma thilc day hoat dOng mua ban gitra cac ca nhan voi ca nhan 1.5.6 Xay difng chiin lure va ma' hinh kinh doanh Moi hoat dOng deri song kinh to muOn phat then deu phai CO chi& lucre cu the cho tong busk di Vay mu6n phat trien thucmg mai dien tir thi truck het doanh nghiep thuang mai dien tir can phai xay dung cho minh mOt chien lugc cu the De xay dung mOt chien lugc thuang mat dien tir cong truerc het phai )(Sy dkrng mOt chien lugc cho phat trien cong nghe thong tin, ma a day chinh la xay dung ca sa tang cong ngh'e thOng tin, dao tao ngu6n luc cho nghanh cong nghe thong tin nham ho trg cho hoat dOng thucmg mai dien tir Phan lorn cac giao dich thuang mai dien tit chit yeu la thuc hien qua 50 Internet thong qua cac website Do vay de phat trien thuang mai dien tir, truck hat cac doanh nghiep can phai co chitin lugc xay di,rng va quang ba website Ngoai cac doanh nghiep thucmg mai dien tit ding can phai xac dinh dugc m8 hinh kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep de kinh doanh hieu qua cho phiz hop vOi kha nang va nguan luc cua doanh nghiep Vi du nhu xac dinh xem doanh nghiep se huong m8 hinh hog dOng dau gia C2C (eBay.com) hay huang toi mO hinh hog dOng ban hang tr%rc tuyen B2C (Amazon.com), B2B (Dell.com) 1.5.7 My dy.ng nguan nhan 4rc cho thwong moi CO hi So voi nhiau hoat dOng kinh to thi thuang mai dien tix rat non tre Thuang mai dien to mai chi hinh khoang 20 nam tr6y lai day Chinh vi le ma xay dung va phat trien nguan nhan luc cho thuang mai dien to la rat can thiat Nguan nhan luc cho linh vuc thucmg mai dien tir doi hOi kh6ng chi nam yang kin thirc ve kinh to ma can phai nam vimg kin thirc ve cong nghe thong tin Tom lai hoat dOng thuang mai dien tir tren the gioi da dat dugc nhitng tuu not bat nhiau linh vuc Tuy nhien, thuang mai dien tir tai Viet Nam den van giai clop dau phat trien Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam da trien khai dugc mot so ung dung thucmg mai dien tix nhu mua ban hang h6a dich vu, cung cap dich vu cong cho du ket qua dat dugc khiem tan Cau hei on tap Thucmg mai dien tir la gi? Cho Nat cac loai hinh chinh cua thucmg mai dien tir Thugng mai dien tir khac gi so vai kinh doanh dien tir? Neu dae diem cua cac giai doan phat trien cua thucmg mai dien Neu nhtmg dac diem chinh cua thucmg mai dien tir giai doan hien tai Viet Nam? Thucmg mai dien tir co de dOng nhu the nao tbi doanh nghiep va xa hOi Neu nhang loi ich cua thucmg mai dien tir dai vai doanh nghiep, nguoi tieu dung va xa hOi Neu nhitng mat han the cua thuang mai dien 51 Neu qui trinh mua ban hang tren amazon.com , qui trinh dau gid teen eBay.com Neu thirc trang thuang mai dien tit tren the giai va tai Viet Nam hien 10 Cho biet cong ty ban le true tuyen hang dau tren the Odd hien Neu nhang cong va each thirc ma cong ty ban le da lien hanh de dat dugc ket qud Thu;at ngfr I: Infrastructure - Cu sa tang Cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong M: Message - Cdc van de lien quan den Thong diep du lieu B: Basic Rules - Cdc quy tac co ban dieu chinh chung ve TMDT S: Sectorial Rules/Specific Rules - Cdc quy tac rieng, dieu chinh tong firth virrc chuyen sau cua TMDT A: Applications - DUVC 111611 la cac img dung TMDT, hay cac mo hinh kinh doanh thuong mai dien tir can dugc dieu chinh Internet: ld mdng may tinh dirge ket not vbi ten khap town cau MO hinh ngtriri ban (Sell-side): mot nguoi ban nhieu nguad mua nguad ban se ban hang thong qua cac catalog dien tir, hay lien hanh ban thong qua hinh thirc dau gid tang MO hinh nguiri mua (Buy-side): mot ng-uad mua nhieu ngued ban thong qua hinh thirc dau than dien tir , mua hang ten cac san giao dich dien tir San giao dich di?n tfi (Electronic Exchange): nhieu nguari ban nhieu nguari mua - san giao dich MO hinh thuro°ng mai dien tir cong tic (Collaborative Commerce): niang trang web thucmg mai dien tir B2B kieu chit yeti tap trung vao hoat dOng tuong tac gift ngtrad ban va mua hon la viec lien hanh cac hoat demg mua va ban Chinh pha din tir (e-gorvement: G2C, G2B, G2G, ): mo hinh thucmg mai dien tir chinh phu se sir dung cac phucmg tien dien tir (chit yeu la may tinh va mang internet) de lien lac voi doanh nghiep, nguaci clan va cac to chirc cua chinh phu , cung nhu cung cap cac dich vu cong cho cac phan nOi teen 52