Địa hóa môi trường phần 2

Chuang CAC CHU TRlNH SINH DIA HOA 4.1 CHU TRINH SINH DIA HOA T H U C VAT Trdng cac he sinh thai thfldng xuyen xay vdng tudn hoiin vat cha't va nang Iflclng Vat chat di tfl mdi trfldng vao cd the sinh vat, tfl sinh vat qua sinh vat kia, rdi lai tfl cac sinh vat mdi trfldng Vdng tudn hoan cdn dfltic goi la vdng chdt dinh dfldng (nutrient cycle) hay vdng sinh dia hoa, hoac chu trinh sinh dia boa (biogeochemical cycle) (hinh 4.1) Quy md ciia vdng tudn hoan rdt khac nhau: ca the sinh vat, chiing quan, he sinh thai hoac toan bd sinh quyen Chu trinh sinh dia hoti thflc chat la vdng tuan hoan vat chat va nang Iflting sinh viit thflc hien mdi trfldng sdng Vdng tuan hoan vat chdt khtic vdi vdng nang Iflting d chd vat chdt thi dfldc cac phan eiia he sinh thai sfl dung lai, cdn nang Iflcing thi khdng dfltic sfl dung lai ma phat tan va mdt di dfldi dang nhiet Vi the, ve nguyen tdc vdng tudn hoan vat chdt la vdng kin, ddng nang Iflting la vdng hd Nang lifting ciia cac chu trinh sinh dia hoa la nang Ifldng mat trdi va mdt phdn nhd nang luting sinh boa Cudng dd hotit ddng cua chu trinh phu thudc vao tdc phtit trien va phiin buy sinh vat cung nhu dae diem boa ly, sinh dia boa cua mdi trUdng 134 Anh siing Tlurc viii Dting vat MT an cti it it ddng vat va MT ! nutic nu(i( M r d Quang blip la qua trinh hinh hdp chdt hflu cd va tiio nen sinh khdi thflc vat tfl ngudn nang Ifldng mat trdi va cac chiit vd cd (CO.,, H.2O va cac mutil khoang) dfldi tac ddng cua tdidt diep luc: 6C0., + 6H.,0 + q Anh sdng mat trdi C«H,,0«-f60,T chdt diep luc 135 Qua trinh quang hcJp phu thudc vao t h a n h phdn, tinh chat cua da't, dac diem dia hinh, hau, loai thflc vat va tac dong cua ngfldi Quang hdp tich luy nang Ifldng mat trdi va bien nang Ifldng dd sinh khdi thflc vat va nang Iflcfng hoa thach (than, ddu, ddt) Nang Iflting chdt hflu cd dfldc tao nhd qua trinh tren tfldng dfldng khoang 170 ty tdn sinh khdi thflc Quang hdj) la qua trinh cd ban tri sfl tdn tai ciia sinh quyen Quang hdp cung vdi cay xanh tao ngudn nang Iflting cho tat ca eat; sinh vat cdn lai, la mot phdn rat quan cd tinh coi ngudn cua sfl sdng tren Trai Dat Ben canh qua trinh quang htip cdn cd nhieu phfldng thflc khac tich luy nang Ifldng mat trdi Thflc vat khdi dong chu tiinh sinh dia hoa tren dat, da va tri chu trinh thdng qua chudi thflc an (thflc vat nhd ngudn cung cdp thflc an tfl da't nfldc va khdng khi) Thflc vat khdng chi stt dung CO2, HjO ma cdn sfl dung Ca, Mg, P, N, K, Fe, de tdng hdp nen cac chat hflu cd Ngdai thflc vat cdn cd mot sd loai vi khuan cd the tdng htip dfltic chat hflu cd Qua trinh tao chat sdng thfldng kem theo sfl giam entropy Theo nguyen ly thfl ciia nhiet dong hoc thi sfl giam entropy ben sinh vat se kem theo sfl tang entropy mdi trfldng bad quanh nd Qua trinh lam tang trat tfl va tinh td chflc, lam xuat hien va da dang hoa mot loai thdng tin mdi - thdng tin sinh htx; 4.1.2.Phan huy hcfp chat hiifu cd Cung vdi qua trinh tich luy, sinh vat sinh quyen cdn cd qua trinh ngfldc lai - qua trinh phan buy htip chdt hflu t:d Phan buy hdp chdt hflu cd la qua trinh chuydn nguyen to hoa htx; tfl dang htip fchdt hflu cd dang hdp chdt vd cd va giai phdng nang Iflting (W) Trong qua trinh phan buy, nhflng htip 136 ih.it huu t-() (IK '11( ') '4iiiu iiiing lUiing hi oxy hoti hdp ehti't v(') ((i nhu' CO, II (I inudi khoang vii d(i (juii trinh phiin buy I iC) I(' ) S inb vat phan giai cd the la vi khuan (D) Thdng thUdng so' luting ca the cung nhu sinh khd'i va nang lUting du trfl sinh vi.it sail xua't (ddu vao cua chudi thflc an) Idn hdn nhieu Ian