Luận án tiến sĩ cấu trúc gây khiến kết quả trong tiếng anh và tiếng việt 60 22 01 01

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN NGUYỄN THỊ THU HƯƠNG CẤU TRÚC GÂY KHIẾN - KẾT QUẢ TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ NGÔN NGỮ HỌC Hà Nội - 2010 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN NGUYỄN THỊ THU HƯƠNG CẤU TRÚC GÂY KHIẾN - KẾT QUẢ TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT Chuyên ngành: Lý luận ngôn ngữ Mã số: 60.22.01.01 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ NGÔN NGỮ HỌC NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: GS TS Hoàng Văn Vân PGS TS Nguyễn Hồng Cổn Hà Nội - 2010 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com MỤC LỤC Trang phụ bìa Lời cam đoan………………………………………………………………… I Lời cảm ơn ……………………………………………………………….…… II Mục lục …………………………………………………………………….…III Danh mục chữ viết tắt ………………………………………… … VIII PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU Lý chọn đề tài ………………………………….…………………… …1 Đối tượng phạm vi nghiên cứu ……………………………….…… … 3 Nhiệm vụ nghiên cứu luận án…………………………….….…… … Ý nghĩa luận án ………………………………………….……… …….4 Phương pháp nghiên cứu……………………………………….……….… Ngữ liệu ……………………………………………………….…….….… Cái luận án ………………………………………….…….…….6 Bố cục luận án…………………………………………….……….… Chương TÌNH HÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT 1.1 Tình hình nghiên cứu cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh 1.1.1 Cách tiếp cận theo hướng lơgíc học ………………………………… 11 1.1.2 Cách tiếp cận theo hướng ngữ nghĩa ……………………………….… 12 1.1.3 Cách tiếp cận theo hướng chức năng…………………………….……16 1.1.4 Cách tiếp cận theo hướng loại hình……………………………… … 21 1.2 Các quan niệm cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Việt ….25 III LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 1.2.1 Quan điểm Nguyễn Kim Thản……………………………………26 1.2.2 Quan điểm Nguyễn Thị Quy …………………………………… 26 1.2.3 Quan điểm Diệp Quang Ban………………………………….… 27 1.2.4 Các tác giả khác………………………………………………… …… 27 1.3 Cơ sở lí thuyết cấu trúc gây khiến - kết …………………… 28 1.3.1 Định nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết ………… ………………….28 1.3.2 Nhận diện cấu trúc gây khiến - kết ……………………………….30 1.3.2.1 Cấu trúc lơgích cấu trúc gây khiến - kết ……………………30 1.3.2.2 Cấu trúc ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết … ……………32 1.3.2.3 Hình thức cú pháp cấu trúc gây khiến - kết ……… ………35 1.4 Quan điểm cách tiếp cận luận án cấu trúc gây khiến - kết quả…………………………………………………… 38 1.5 Tiểu kết ………………………………………………………………….40 Chương KHẢO SÁT CẤU TRÚC GÂY KHIẾN - KẾT QUẢ TRONG TIẾNG ANH 2.1 Đặc điểm chung cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh…42 2.1.1 Đặc điểm ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh 42 2.1.1.1 Tác thể gây khiến ……………………………………………………43 2.1.1.2 Bị thể……………………………………………………………… 44 2.1.1.3 Tác động gây khiến ………………………………………………… 45 2.1.1.4 Kết gây khiến………………………………………………… 47 2.1.1.5 Mối quan hệ tác động gây khiến kết gây khiến ……… 49 2.1.2 Đăc điểm ngữ pháp cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh 53 2.2 Các kiểu cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh ……… …….56 2.2.1 Cấu trúc gây khiến - kết hình thái học ……………………….… 56 IV LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 2.2.1.1 Đặc trưng ngữ pháp cấu trúc gây khiến - kết hình thái học 56 2.2.1.2 Đặc trưng ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết hình thái học 58 2.2.2 Cấu trúc gây khiến - kết từ vựng tính…………………………… 63 2.2.2.1 Đặc trưng ngữ pháp cấu trúc gây khiến - kết từ vựng tính …64 2.2.2.2 Đặc trưng ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết từ vựng tính… 65 2.2.3 Cấu trúc gây khiến - kết cú pháp ……………………………… 79 2.2.3.1 Đặc trưng ngữ pháp cấu trúc gây khiến - kết cú pháp …… 80 2.2.3.2 Đặc trưng ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết cú pháp…… 86 2.2.3.3 Ý nghĩa động từ make cấu trúc gây khiến -kết cú pháp tiếng Anh …………………………… 103 2.3 Tiểu kết ……………………………………………………………… 109 Chương KHẢO SÁT CẤU TRÚC GÂY KHIẾN - KẾT QUẢ TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT 3.1 Vấn đề nhận diện cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Việt ….111 3.1.1 Phân biệt cấu trúc gây khiến - kết với cấu trúc cầu khiến ………111 3.1.2 Vấn đề phân biệt cấu trúc gây khiến - kết cấu trúc có gia ngữ kết tân ngữ đích thể ………………113 3.2 Đặc điểm chung cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Việt 114 3.2.1 Đặc điểm ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Việt 114 3.2.1.1 Tác thể gây khiến ………………………………………………….115 3.2.1.2 Bị thể ……………………………………………………………….116 3.2.1.3 Tác động gây khiến …………………………………………………117 3.2.1.4 Kết gây khiến ………………………………………………….120 3.2.2 Đăc điểm ngữ pháp cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Việt 121 3.2.2.1 Mơ hình cú pháp cấu trúc gây khiến kết tiếng Việt …121 V LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 3.2.2.2 Phân loại cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Việt ………… 122 3.2.2.3 Hiện tượng ngữ pháp hoá số động từ gây khiến tiếng Việt …………………………………………………… 125 3.3 Các kiểu cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Việt ………… 128 3.3.1 Cấu trúc gây khiến - kết từ vựng tính ………………………….…128 3.3.1.1 Đặc trưng ngữ pháp cấu trúc gây khiến - kết từ vựng tính 128 3.3.1.2 Đặc trưng ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết từ vựng tính 130 3.3.2 Cấu trúc gây khiến - kết cú pháp ……………………………….137 3.3.2.1 Đặc trưng ngữ pháp cấu trúc gây khiến - kết cú pháp …….137 3.3.2.2 Đặc trưng ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết cú pháp ……142 3.4 Tiểu kết ……………………………………………………………… 149 Chương PHÂN TÍCH ĐỐI CHIẾU - CHUYỂN DỊCH CẤU TRÚC GÂY KHIẾN - KẾT QUẢ TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT 4.1 Đối chiếu cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ………………………………………………………… 151 4.1.1 Những điểm tương đồng cấu trúc gây khiến- kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ………………………………………….152 4.1.1.1 Sự tương đồng mặt ngữ nghĩa ………………………………… 152 4.1.1.2 Sự tương đồng mặt ngữ pháp ………………………………… 159 4.1.2 Những nét khác biệt cấu trúc gây khiến- kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ……………………………………………….160 4.1.2.1 Những khác biệt mặt ngữ pháp cấu trúc gây khiến- kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ………………… 161 4.1.2.2 Những điểm khác biệt ngữ nghĩa cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ……………… 172 VI LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 4.2 Khả chuyển dịch cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt …………………………………………177 4.2.1 Chuyển dịch từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt…………………………….177 4.2.2 Chuyển dịch từ tiếng Việt sang tiếng Anh…………………………….181 4.2.3 Cách thức chuyển dịch mặt cấu trúc……………………………….183 4.2.3.1 Tương đương cấu trúc ………………………………………… 183 4.2.3.2 Không tương đương cấu trúc…………………………………… 183 4.3 Một số đề xuất liên quan đến việc dạy, học dịch cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ………………… 185 4.4 Tiểu kết ……………………………………………………………… 185 KẾT LUẬN………………………………………………………………… 187 DANH MỤC CÁC CƠNG TRÌNH KHOA HỌC CỦA TÁC GIẢ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN LUẬN ÁN …………………………………………… 194 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO …………… ………………………………… 195 PHỤ LỤC ……………………………………………………………………205 VII LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com DANH MỤC NHỮNG CHỮ VIẾT TẮT Tiếng Anh N: noun (danh từ) V: verb (động từ) A: adjective (tính từ) AFF: affect (tác động) S: subject (chủ ngữ) Vcause: động từ nguyên nhân Veffect: động từ kết O: object (tân ngữ) Od: direct object (tân ngữ trực tiếp) Co: object complement Vkq: động từ kết Vinf: infinitive verb (động từ nguyên dạng) Tiếng Việt D: danh từ Dn: cụm danh từ Đ: động từ BN: bổ ngữ VIII LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Thank you for evaluating AnyBizSoft PDF Merger! To remove this page, please register your program! Go to Purchase Now>> AnyBizSoft PDF Merger  Merge multiple PDF files into one  Select page range of PDF to merge  Select specific page(s) to merge  Extract page(s) from different PDF files download and merge into one AN VAN CHAT LUONG : add luanvanchat@agmail.c PHẦN MỞ ĐẦU Lý chọn đề tài Trong sống ngày, thường xuyên phải sử dụng ngôn ngữ theo nhiều cách khác để diễn đạt việc xảy có liên quan với theo quan hệ nhân Chẳng hạn nội dung người thợ săn bắn chết cáo có cách diễn đạt sau: (0.1a) Con cáo chết người thợ săn bắn (0.1b) Người thợ săn bắn cáo nên cáo chết (0.1c) Người thợ săn bắn chết cáo Khác với câu (0.1a) (0.1b) sử dụng liên từ để mối quan hệ nguyên nhân (người thợ săn bắn cáo) kết (con cáo chết) với hình thức câu ghép, câu (0.1c) lại biểu mối quan hệ câu đơn có vị ngữ gồm vị từ ngoại động biểu thị nguyên nhân (bắn) vị từ trạng thái biểu thị kết (chết) Trong tài liệu ngôn ngữ học, kiểu cấu trúc kiểu thường gọi cấu trúc gây khiến (causative constructions) cấu trúc gây khiến - kết (causative - resultative constructions) Theo McCawley (1968), xét mặt nghĩa biểu hiện, cấu trúc gây khiến - kết cấu trúc bao gồm hai kiện nguyên nhân kết Về mặt thời gian, kiện nguyên nhân phải xảy trước kiện kết quả, mặt lơ gích, việc xảy kiện kết phụ thuộc hoàn toàn vào kiện nguyên nhân, có Thuật ngữ construcrion dịch cấu trúc kết cấu Trong luận án chúng tơi dùng thuật ngữ cấu trúc để dịch construction, cịn thuật ngữ kết cấu dùng để dịch thuật ngữ structure LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 319 But we must not let the recollections of this good fellow cause us to diverge from the principal history (Thackeray, 153) 320 But she never let him perceive the opinion she had of him; (Thackeray, 154) 321 The poor girl let her husband come and go without saying a word, and her head fell on her breast (Thackeray, 268) 322 “… and so I wish to let him understand that I am in high good-humour.” (Thackeray, 307) 323 Let us always go on so, dear Rawdon (Thackeray, 499) 324 You will let me know where I shall send the rest to you (Thackeray, 507) 325 “you will not surely let me be insulted by that drunken man?” (Thackeray, 518) 326 Let me go out and find him (Thackeray, 519) 327 That gentleman would not let the Bengalee rest until he had executed his promise of having a home for Amelia and his father (Thackeray, 564) 328 “… Only let me stay near you and see you often.” (Thackeray, 568) 329 “I wish you would let me buy you some,” (Thackeray, 573) 330 “I say at once, let us go and ask her if this woman ought to be visited or not; …” (Thackeray, 626) 331 Come, children, let us shut up the box and the puppets, for our play is played out (Thackeray, 657) Liquify 332 Gases liquify under pressure (CA) Make 333 They made me repeat the story 334 She must be made to comply with the rules 335 He never tidies his room and his mother never tries to make him it 336 I rang the door bell several times but couldn’t make anyone hear 337 The novelist makes his heroin commit suiside at the end of the book 338 She made him her assistant 339 They made him pay for the damage he had done 340 These new shoes make my feet ache (by being too tight) (Dixon ) 225 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 341 Having been a failure in his first job made John try much harder in the second one (Dixon ) 342 John made Fred open the safe by threatening to tell about his discretions (Dixon ) 343 You made me burn the toast by didtracting my attention (Dixon ) 344 Lucy made Sandy wash up by saying he wouldn’t get any pocket money unless he did (Dixon ) 345 I made John be examined by the doctor (Dixon ) 346 I made John and Mary be talking when Fred entered (Dixon ) 347 He made Mary angry (Dixon ) 348 The Board made John President of the company (Dixon ) 349 They made me it (Guide) 350 The made Newton President of the Royal Society (Guide) 351 Hilary made Robin type the letters (Anna) 352 Hilary made Robin cry (Anna) 353 Mr Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three and twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character (Austen, 4) 354 By nature inoffensive, friendly and obliging, his presentation at St James’s had made him courteous (Austen, 13) 355 This is not quite enough to make her understand his character (Austen, 16) 356 “You make me laugh, Charlotte; but it is not sound You know it is not sound, and that you would never act in this way yourself.” (Austen, 16) 357 … to her he was only the man who made himself agreeable nowhere, and who had not thought herhandsome enough to dance with (Austen, 16) 358 Darcy only smiled, and the general pause which ensured made Elizabeth tremble lest her mother should be exposing herself again (Austen, 31) 359 This information made Elizabeth smile, as she thought of poor Miss Bingley (Austen, 58) 360 …, Charlotte could not help cautioning her in a whisper not to be a simpleton and allow her fancy for Wickham to make her appearunpleasant in the eyes of a man of ten times his concequence (Austen, 63) 226 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 361 “Sir William’s interuption has made me forget what we were talking of.” (Austen, 64) 362 You could not make me happy, and I am convinced that I am the last woman in the world who would make you so (Austen, 75) 363 She is a very headstrong foolish girl, and does not know her interest; but I will make her know it (Austen, 77) 364 “… You must come and make Lizzy marry Mr Collins, for she vows she will not have him, and if you not make haste he will change his mind and not have her.” (Austen, 77) 365 …, he addressed himself particularly to her, as if wishing to make her feel what she had lost in refusing him (Austen, 107) 366 She will make him a very proper wife (Austen, 109) 367 Her air was not conciliating, nor was her manner of receiving them, such as to make her visitors forget their inferior rank (Austen, 111) 368 “Yes, indeed, his friends may well rejoice in his having met with one of the very few sensible women who would have accepted him, or have made him happy if they had (Austen, 121) 369 … so much in love as to wish to marry her in spite of all the objections which had made him prevent his friend’s marrying her sister (Austen, 132) 370 She continued in very agitating reflections till the sound of Lady Catherine’s carriage made her feel how unequal she was to encounter Charlotte’s observation, and hurried her way to her room (Austen, 132) 371 And that made the men suspect something, and then they soon found out what was the matter (Austen, 149) 372 Your profusion makes me saving (Austen, 152) 373 We must not make him desperate (Austen, 153) 374 It was, on the contrary, exactly calculated to make her understand her own wishes (Austen, 185) 375 …; and if they are not married already, make them marry (Austen, 192) 376 Who is to fight Wickham, and make him marry her, if he comes away? (Austen, 199) 227 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 377 The loss of her daughter made Mrs Bennet very dull for several days (Austen, 221) 378 …, and she had nothing to hope, but that his eyes were so often turned towards her side of the room, as to make him ply as unsuccessfully as herself (Austen, 229) 379 “He has made me so happy,” said she (Austen, 234) 380 But your arts and allurements may, in a moment of infatuation, have made him forget what he owes to himself and to all his family (Austen, 238) 381 But will thay make you happy (Austen, 253) 382 “Yes; how could you be so cruel as to make me eat that pepper-dish at dinner, the first day I ever saw you? (Thackeray, 25) 383 “You terrible! Why, man, you couldn’t stand – you made everybody laugh in the Gardens, though you were crying yourself (Thackeray, 52) 384 She even made George Osborne contribute (Thackeray, 56) 385 Before thay had returned Rebecca had made a conquest of her, having made her laugh four times (Thackeray, 94) 386 Do something to make her happy (Thackeray, 108) 387 I’ll make you happy (Thackeray, 132) 388 You’re in the plot – you made him marry, thinking that I’d leave my money from him – you did, Martha,” (Thackeray, 147) 389 We are Turks with the affections of our women, and have made them subscribe to our doctrine too (Thackeray, 158) 390 Miss Jemima was made to fetch the drawing – master’s receipts and letters (Thackeray, 171) 391 ; undoubtedlyshe made Miss Crawley more ill than wa necessary (Thackeray, 173) 392 I can make him a beggar if I like (Thackeray, 192) 393 Night and noon and morning she bought the abominable drinks ordained by the doctors, and made her patient swallow them with so affecting and obedience, … (Thackeray, 230) 394 Her hopes were very high; she made her husband share them (Thackeray, 233) 228 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 395 …; but I am certain that woman had made Rawdon drink (Thackeray, 236) 396 She went down stairs, and kissed her father and mother, and talked to the old gentleman, and made him more merry than he had been for many a day (Thackeray, 241) 397 “I will make all his friends welcome,” she resolved in her heart (Thackeray, 249) 398 … and George made his friend promise to come speedily to Osborne’s own residence (Thackeray, 260) 399 He makes me miserable about you (Thackeray, 286) 400 You made me wretched enough for the past fortnight; you might have spared me today (Thackeray, 288) 401 She was made to take pony – riding, or piano – exercise, or any other sort of bodily medicament,… (Thackeray, 310) 402 He had been made to accept Saunders M’Nitre, Luke Waters, … (Thackeray, 312) 403 As a first step she had made Crawley sell out of the Guards and go on halfpay (Thackeray, 344) 404 The matter was so simple, to have or to leave, as she justly observed, that she made the lawyers of the creditors themselves to the business (Thackeray, 347) 405 You would have told all Paris if I had not made you keep your temper; (Thackeray, 353) 406 …; and he made her put on one of the first Lady Crawley’s Court dresses, … (Thackeray, 379) 407 Let him stay here in the nursery, and Briggs can make him a black frock (Thackeray, 387) 408 And for the first time in her life the Dowager Countess of Southdown was made amusing (Thackeray, 395) 409 Becky made Rawdon dine out once or twice on business while Pitt stayed with them, (Thackeray, 417) 229 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 410 She confided some of the specimens to Miss Dobbin,…-to make that old man repent of his cruelty and ill- feeling towards him who was gone (Thackeray, 435) 411 Malmesbury had made her his best bow (Thackeray, 443) 412 Lord Steyne has made her sit down to table with women with whom I would rather die than allow Mrs Eaves to associate with Lady Crackenbury, … (Thackeray, 443) 413 She knew that those to whom he was going would all in their power to make him happy (Thackeray, 470) 414 …, as they hated her condially, and without wishing any one of them goodbye, had made her exit from Curzon Street (Thackeray, 516) 415 Rawdon made her a tolerable annuity (Thackeray, 529) 416 The youngster among the passengers,…, and make him tell prodigious stories about himself and his exploits against tigers and Napoleon (Thackeray, 546) 417 Dobbin happened to drop in very soon after this conversation, which made Amelia blush perhaps; (Thackeray, 580) 418 ; and the way in which she coaxes that boy, and makes him sit by that blear-eyed little Rosa, is perfectly ridiculous.” (Thackeray, 586) 419 The Major made himself George’s tutor, and read Caesar and mathematics with him; (Thackeray, 602) 420 “Grief has made me forget so many things, dearest Amelia …” (Thackeray, 629) 421 I saw her: She made a little English boy play for her (Thackeray, 631) 422 , had not the young fellow run after him and stopped him on the threshold of the Elephant, to make him pay for the beer wich he had not consumed (Thackeray, 632) 423 She had tried them-wanted to make them pass- … (Thackeray, 637) 424 She made George write to him constantly (Thackeray, 644) Melt 425 Melt the chocolate slowly so that it doesn’t burn (CA) Mop 230 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 426 He mopped the bathroom floor (CA) 427 He kept pausing to mop his blow Motivate 428 A teacher can motivate her pupils to work harder Move 429 He’s made up his mind, and nothing you can say will move him on the issue (CA) 430 She said that she was deeply moved by all the letters of sympathy she had received 431 It was such a sad film that it moved him to tears Narrow 432 In order to widen the roadthey had to narrow the pavement 433 They narrowed the road 434 He narrowed his eyes in suspicion (CA) 435 They have narrowed the focus of the investigation, to concentrate on younger adults Nullify 436 All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes (CA) Open 437 She opened the door to let me in 438 She opened the door 439 Could you open the window, please? (CA) 440 You can open your eyes now – here’s your present 441 The flowers open in the morning but close again in the afternoon Order 442 He orderd his men to open fire 443 The doctor ordered me to (stay in) bed 444 We ordered him to leave immediately 445 … that he became almost ashamed of the jokes of his mess – room companions regarding them, and ordered his servant never to deliver them except at his private apartment (Thackeray, 105) 446 “Why, sir, didn’t you order me to marry her, …” (Thackeray, 114) 231 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 447 …; and he ordered Emmy to banish George from her mind, and to return all the presents and letters which she had ever had from him (Thackeray, 161) 448 apa has ordered me to return to you these presents, … (Thackeray, 165) 449 ve George finally such another hint regarding the heiress, and ordered him to marry out of hand, as he would have ordered his butler to draw a cork, or his clerk to write a letter (Thackeray, 188) 450 Malony ordered her cousin Mick to marry her when she was about thirtythree years of age; (Thackeray, 247) 451 on had ordered her not to part with them for a price less than that which she specified (Thackeray, 297) 452 remptorily ordered her to refuse them (Thackeray, 499) Paint 453 I’ve been painting all morning (CA) 454 All these pictures were painted by local artists 455 She painted her nails a bright red Permit 456 ouncil will not permit you to build here 457 The law doesn’t permit you to smoke on domestic flights in Australia (Dixon ) 458 Prisoners are only permitted (to receive) one visitor each month (Dixon ) 459 “Lady Jane, permit me to introduce to you my aunt’s kindest friend and most affectionate companion, Miss Briggs, …” (Thackeray, 310) 460 said the Major, “… permit me to introduce him to your Lordship.” (Thackeray, 594) Persuade 461 You try and persuade her (to come with us) (evd) 462 He is easily persuaded (evd) 463 How can we persuade him into joining us? (evd) 464 He persuaded his daughter to change her mind (evd) 465 How can I persuade you that I am sincere (evd) 466 They persuaded the drunken man to leave (Guide) 232 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 467 “Miss Eliza Bennet, let me persuade you to follow my example, and make a turn about the room – I assure you it is very refreshing after sitting so long in one attitude (Austen, 38) 468 In vain did Elizabeth endeavour to check the rapidity of her mother’s words, or persuade her to describe her felicity in a less audible whisper; (Austen, 69) 469 …, and entreating her to persuade her friend Lizzy to comply with the wishes of all her family (Austen, 78) 470 …; nor could Elizabeth persuade her to consider it as improbable (Austen, 89) 471 She endeavoured to persuade herself that she did not regret it; (Austen, 101) 472 His most particular friend, you see by Jane’s account, was persuaded of his never intending to marry her (Austen, 188) 473 His first object with her, he acknowledged, had been to persuade her to quit her present disgraceful situation, … (Austen, 216) 474 Elizabeth made no answer; and without attempting to persuade her ladyship to return into the house, walked quietly into it herself (Austen, 241) 475 “Oh Joseph, we know that story,” said Amelia, laughing “Never mind about telling that; but persuade Mamma to write to Sir Something Crawley for leave of absence for poor dear Rebecca – here she comes, her eyes red with weeping.” (Thackeray, 25) 476 “Persuade her to rise, dear madam, …” (Thackeray, 174) 477 The woman closed the curtains, and with some entreaty and show of kindness persuaded her mistress to lie down on the bed (Thackeray, 508) Polish 478 Polish your shoes regularly to protect the leather (CA) Powder 479 Powder the baby’s bottom to stop it chafing (CA) Prevent 480 He prevented her (from) going by hiding her passport (Dixon ) 233 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 481 His anxiety for Jane was evident, and his attentions to herself most pleasing, and they prevented her feeling herself so much an intruder as she believed she was considered by the others (Austen, 24) 482 She is unfortunately of a sickly constitution, which has prevented her making that progress in many accomplishments, which she could not otherwise have failed of; (Austen, 47) 483 This observation would not have prevented her from trying to talk to the latter, … (Austen, 179) 484 And I’ll take down that great hectoring Nabob, and prevent him from being made a greater fool than he is (Thackeray, 53) 485 But Fate intervened enviously, and prevented her from receiving the reward due to such immaculate love and virtue (Thackeray, 379) Purify 486 Plants help to purify the air (CA) 487 One of the function of the kidneys is to purify the blood Push 488 The gang pushed him to things he didn’t want to (L.4) 489 Her parents pushed her into marrying him 490 We had to push them to accept our terms, but they finally agreed to the deal Redden 491 His face reddened with embarrassment (CA) Release 492 The operation released him from years of pain (CA) 493 Police have released a picture of the man they want to question Request 494 I requested him to help 495 You are (kindly) requested not to smoke 496 When the young man was requested by the authorities of the first named university to quit after a residence of two years, … (Thackeray, 83) 497 Visitors are requested not to walk on the grass (CA) Require 234 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 498 Civil Servants are required to sign the Official Secrets Act 499 Bring up children often require you to put their needs first.(CA) 500 You are required by law to stop your car after an accident Rescue 501 Police rescued the hostages 502 Jane rescued Tony from having to give the speech by offering to it herself (Dixon ) 503 …, and how Miss - hem! - how Amelia rescued me from a beating, by falling down on her knees, and crying out to her brother Jos, not to beat little George? (Thackeray, 29) Roughen 504 to cause to become less smooth Sadden 505 News of his death saddened me (Syntax and Semantic 102) 506 It saddens me to think that we’ll never see her again (CA) 507 We are deeply saddened by this devastating tragedy 508 News of his death saddened me (Syntax and Semantic 102) Save 509 John saved Mary from (having) to paint the porch by doing it himself 510 … for he was discovered to be pround, to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most forbiding, disagreeable countenance, and being unworthy to be compared with his friend (Austen, 8) Send 511 We’re sending the children to stay with my parents for a couple of weeks (CA) 512 They’ve sent their son (away) to school in Scotland 513 The explosion sent the crowd into a panic 514 Watching the television always sends me to sleep 515 His untidiness sends her crazy/ mad/ wild 516 The draught from the fan sent Austeners flying all over the room Sharpen 235 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 517 Amongst the most violent against him was Mrs Bennet, whose dislike of his general behaviour, was sharpened into particular resentment, by his having slighted one of her daughter (Austen, 8) 518 My pencil is blunt – I’ll have to sharpen it (CA) 519 I went to university to sharpen my mind Shorten 520 I’ve asked him to shorten my grey trousers (CA) Simmer 521 Empty the soup into a saucepan and simmer gently for ten minutes Skin 522 The hunters skinned the deer they had killed (CA) 523 I skinned my knee when I fell down the steps Slash 524 She tried to commit suicide by slashing her wrists (CA) Splinter 525 He splintered the glass.(CA) Start 526 I’m having trouble starting the car (CA) Stop 527 You can’t stop us from going if we want to 528 Can’t you stop your son from getting into trouble? 529 I only just managed to stop myself from shouting at him 530 He stopped her from going by standing in the doorway and barring the way (Dixon ) 531 John stopped Mary swimming (Dixon ) Stretch 532 That elastic band will snap if you stretch it too far (CA) 533 She stretched out her hand and helped him from his chair Sweeten 534 The apple mixture can be sweetened with honey (CA) Teach 236 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 535 I was spoit by my parents, who though good themselves (my father particularly, all that was benevolent and amirable), allowed, encouraged, almost taught me to be selfish and overbearing, (Austen, 248) 536 It was he who told me how good and generous you were, and who taught me to love you as a brother (Thackeray, 568) Tell 537 Tell him to wait 538 The only pain was in leaving her father, who would certainly miss her, and who, when it came to the point, so little liked her going, that he told her to write to him, and almost promised to answer her letter (Austen, 104) 539 … but I wish you would tell Sally to mend a great slit in my worked muslin gown, before thay are packed up (Austen, 195) 540 Who told me to love her? (Thackeray, 193) 541 …, as he took a carriage there, and told the driver to drive him to knightsbridge Barracks (Thackeray, 512) Tempt 542 They tried to tempt her (into staying) with offers of promotion (evd) 543 The fact that gold bars were often left around the office tempted John to steal one (Dixon ) 544 I am tempted to think that to be despised by her sex is a very great compliment to a woman (Thackeray, 99) Thick 545 Thicken the sauce with a little flour (CA) Thin 546 Thin the sauce down with a little stock (CA) Urge 547 She urged her mare to jump up the fence (evd) 548 He urged us to go (evd) 549 She urged him to leave (L.4) 550 The barrister urged the judge to be merciful (Guide) 551 Bingley urged Mr Jone’s being sent for immediately (Austen, 28) 552 He might urge her to her duty (Thackeray, 170) 237 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com 553 Lawyers will urge the parents to take further legal action (CA) 554 The dogs are urged into fighting more fiercely by loud shouts from the crowd Warm 555 You’re so cold - come and warm your hands by the fire (CA) 556 Your supper’s just warming through in the oven 557 We can warm (up) the room quite quickly with this electric fire Water 558 I’ve asked my neighbour to water the plants while I’m away (CA) Widen 559 His eyes widened (CA) 560 Why not widen the discussion to include the Muslim and Jewish points of view 238 LUAN VAN CHAT LUONG download : add luanvanchat@agmail.com Thank you for evaluating AnyBizSoft PDF Merger! To remove this page, please register your program! Go to Purchase Now>> AnyBizSoft PDF Merger  Merge multiple PDF files into one  Select page range of PDF to merge  Select specific page(s) to merge  Extract page(s) from different PDF files download and merge into one AN VAN CHAT LUONG : add luanvanchat@agmail.c ... - kết quả, chọn cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt làm đề tài nghiên cứu luận án tiến sĩ Dựa việc phân tích đối chiếu ngữ liệu cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt, luận án. .. CHIẾU - CHUYỂN DỊCH CẤU TRÚC GÂY KHIẾN - KẾT QUẢ TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT 4.1 Đối chiếu cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ………………………………………………………… 151 4.1.1 Những điểm tương đồng cấu. .. chuyển dịch cấu trúc gây khiến - kết từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt ngược lại Ý nghĩa luận án Về mặt lý luận, thông qua đối chiếu cấu trúc gây khiến - kết tiếng Anh tiếng Việt luận án góp phần