NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO D O I XAC DINH T A M NHiN THAY D | TLfQ'NG TREN OlTaNG C O A NGU-ai LAI TO TRONG OEM KHI SCr DUNG DEN CHltU SANG PHJA TRlTaC B A N G T H I / C NGHIfM DETERMINING DRIVER'S OBSERVING ABILITY IN NIGHT TIME WHILE USING HEADLAMP ThS Nguyin Thai Hung', PGS, TS Nguyen Van Bang^ TS Dang Vi^t Hd^ ThS T6 Hoang Tung^ 'Hpc vien Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh Qudc gia Hd Chi Minh ^TrUdng Dai hpc Giao thdng Van tai ^Cpc Dang kilm Vi|t Nam TOM TAT Khd ndng quan sdt (tdm nhin thdy doi tUdng tren dUdng cua ngUdi ldi) co y nghia hit site qu trgngvd liin quan trUc tiip tdi an todn chuyen dgngcua d td Tuy nhiin, thdngsondy thudng khdng dU cdc nhd sdn xudt cung cdp Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy cdch xdc dinh tdm nhin thdy doi tUdng trin dUdng cu ngUdi ldi d td dim sd dung den chiiu sdng phia trUdc bdng thUc nghiim Ttt khoa: Tdm nhin ngUdi ldi, den chiiu sdng phia trUdc ABSTRACT The observing ability (visible to the objects on the road when driving) means very importan directly related to the motor vehicle safe transportation However, this parameter is not usually pro by manufacturers This report presents determining drivers objecting ability in night time while headlamp Keyword: Drivers objecting ability, headlamp DAT VAN DE Khi van hanh d td dim, tam quan sat cua ngUdi Iai bi gidi h^n nhflng dilu kiln chilu sang cu the Dac biet, thara gia giao thdng tren nhflng doan dUdng khdng dUpc chieu sang bang he thdng den dUdng, khd ndng quan sat cua ngUdi lai hoan toan phu thudc vao vung chilu sang cua den pha Vdiradimpt loai den pha, kit cau, phan bd chum sang Id khdc va do vung chilu sang cung khac Dilu ndy, dan din tara nhin thdy ddi tupng tren dudng cda ngUdi lai d td dim svt dung den chieu ^ n TAP CHf CO KHf V I £ T NAM ••• sang phia trUdc la khdng gidng ddi vdi mli loai d td Tuy vay, thdng so thudng khoi^ dUpc cac nha sdn xuat cdng bd va viec do, xdc dinh thdng sd vdn chi dUpc thUc hi|n cdc nghien cdu chuyin sdu nham ddnh gia vi so sdnh gifla cac lo^i den pha d td Bai bdo trinh bdy cdch xac dinh tam nhin thay ddi tUpng tren dUdng cua ngUdi ldi dim sii dung den chilu sang phia trUdc bang phUdng phdp thi^c nghi|m Ddy se Id ca sd cho cdc nghien cdu ve ddnh gia an toan chuyin dpng liln quan tdi tam nhin ngUdi Idi sd dung din chieu sang phia trUdc Sd d (Thdng nara 2013) NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO Ddi 2.C0SdLtTHUYET 3.1 Muc tilu - Dp rpi Id radt dp quang thdng rdi trin - Xem xet anh hUdng dac tinh quang hpc mdt bl mat (dpn vi la lux) Khai nilm dd rpi cda chum sang den chieu sang phia trUdc tdi tam cdn Hen quan tdi vi tri va bl mat dUdc chilu sang nhin thay ddi tUdng cda ngUdi Iai Dl dp rpi, sd dung thilt bi chuyen dung cd mat cam biln thu nhan anh sang tai dilm - Xera xet anh hUdng cua mau sac vat quan sat tdi tam nhin thay ddi tUpng cua ngUdi - Tdra nhin Id vung khdng gian raa Idi ngUdi cd thi quan sat bang raat cdc vat the dUdc chilu sdng Tdy vdo dilu kiln anh sang mdi trUdng ^.2 Md hinh thi nghiem khac nhau, kha ndng phdn xa anh sang khac Dl dara bao tinh thdng nhat va dp chinh cua vat the ma dnh hUdng tdi kha ndng quan sat xac cua cac phep thUc hiln thi nghiira, tac cda mat gia da han chl mdt so ylu td cd thi dnh hUdng tdi Do viec thUc hiln dilu kiln chi tam nhin cua ngUdi lai va lUa chpn rad hinh thi sd d\mg chieu sang bang den chilu sang phia nghiira, cu thi nhU sau: trUdc cua d td (den pha), cac ngudn chilu sang khac se dUpc loai bd hoac han chl tdi da Khi dd, vimg quan sat cua mat ngUdi lai se bi han chl bdi vung chilu sang cda den pha Vung quan sat la mdt vdng cua hinh dnh bao quanh tam trUdng nhin cua mat Khi lai xe, vung quan sat se dUpc xac dinh nham tim kiem cdc thdng tin gidp cho viec lai xe an todn Cac tin hi?u loai gdm: Tin hieu giao thdng tren dUdng, hinh thu cua chudng ngai v$t hoac sU thay ddi cda ludng giao thdng Khi ngUdi Idi xe nh^n thay m^t dilu gi dd dang lUu tdm, s^S dich chuyen cua dau va mat ngUdi Iai se dUa hinh anh cdn quan sdt vl tdra trUdng nhin Hinh 1: Mo hinh thi nghiim tdm nhin cua ngiidi td dim cua mat rainh Ndi mdt each khac Id ngUdi Iai se hudng dau vd mat tdi ddi tUpng hoac sU vile can Vat quan sat sd dpng thi nghi|ra la quan sat NhU vdy, tdm hinh anh se dUpc dung bang giay mau kich thUdc I,7ra x 0,33ra Mdu sac dl dinh vi, nhan biet va ghi nhan ddi tUpng ma cua vat quan sat: Giay mau trang (he so phan xa ngudi Iai quan sat 80), giayraaudd sam (he sd phan xa 30), giay mau xanh sam (he sd phan xa 20) Vl vay, thi nghiem khoang each nhin thay sl dupe td raat ngUdi ldi tdi tam hinh anh (vat quan sat) ma ngUdi Iai quan sat dUpc VI mflc dp nhin thay ddi tUdng, ylu cdu thi nghiim la ngUdi lai phai nhdn biet dUdc Hinh 2: Vdt quan sdt sii dung thi nghiem hinh dang cua vat quan sat ciing nhU mau sac cda vat 3.3 Dilu kiln thi nghiim - Thi nghiem da dUpc thUc hiln d khu vUc"^ THf NGHIEM TAP CHf CO KHf VI£T NAM V 86 (Thdng ndm 2013) NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D O I ngoai trdi trpng dilu kiln trdi tdi Nhiet dd ngoai xa vl gan theo hudng song song vdi true dpc cua trdi trung binh la 25°C; dp am khong ldn hdn xe cho din ngUdi quan sat phat hien vat - Budc 3: Do khoang each tU ngUdi quan sat den 80%; thdi tilt khong cd mUa vi tri vat quan sat da dUng 1^, dp rpi (hinh 4) - Dia dilm tien hanh thi nghiem: Khu vUc sdn bay Hda Lac, thda man cac yeu cSu thi nghiim de - Den pha lap tren xe la den mdi, da dUpc lap dat, dilu chinh theo diing quy dinh cua nha san xuat Cac gia tri ve dac tinh quang hpc cua den thda man tieu chuan hien hanh cua Vilt Nam 3.4 Mau thi Sd dung hai miu xe thi nghiem ia d td va d td tai (hinh 3) Xe thi nghiim d dilu kien boat dpng binh thudng, chat day tai, cac ldp bom dung ap suat hPi quy dinh Ddng cd xe boat dpng qua trinh Hinh 3: Xe m^u thi nghiem 3.5 Quy trinh thi nghiim Hinh 5: Hinh dnh qud trinh thi nghiem Do kit cau chum sang cua den chieu gan (cac den theo he tilu chuan Chau Au) la khic gifla ben phai va bin trai nen ddi vdi trudng hpp tam nhin thay ddi tUdng tren dudng sd dung den chieu gSn se thUc hien hai lan rieng bilt Ung vdi vat quan sat d hanh lang bin trai hoac ben phai Vile do, quan sat dUpc thUc hiln bdi cic Dang kiem vien cua Cue Dang kiem Viet Nam veil kha nang quan sat 10/10, khdng cd cac khuyet tat vl mat - Budc 1: Chuin bi thi nghiem - Budc 2: Chp v4t quan sat di chuyin tinh tiln td KET QUA THI NGHlfiM Bdng 1: Ket qud thi nghiem mau (Xe to eon) Doi tUptng quan sat Mau xanh sam Mau dd sam Mau trang | Den chilu xa (din pha) Den chieu %Sn (den cdt) Vat quan sat dat bin phai V^t quan sat dat bin trai V^t quan sat dat gifia dudng dudng dudng K each (m) Dp rpi (lux) K each (m) Do roi (lux) K each (m) Dp rpi (lux) 49 0,9 39 0,8 159 2,3 55 62 0,8 0.7 46 55 0,6 0,5 166 230 2,2 1.5 •li TAP CHf CO KHi VIET NAM V Sd (Thang nam 2013) •' I NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO edi Bang 2: Kit qud thin^iem mdu (Xe d td tdi) Den chilu g ^ (din cdt) Ddi tugrng quan sdt D i n chieu xa (din pha) Vat quan sdt dat b i n phai dudng V|t quan sat d^t b i n trdi dudng V^t quan sdt dat giuta dudng K.c4ch(m) Dp rpi (lux) K each (m) Dp rpi (lux) K each (m) Dp rpi (lux) Mlu xanh sIm 61 1,5 52 1,2 210 2,2 Mau dd sIm 70 1,6 55 2,1 75 1,3 62 1,1 0,8 240 MSu trang 270 1,3 Nhdn xit kit qud thi nghiim: - Anh hudng cda chat lUpng chilu sang din tdm nhin: Dac tinh quang hpc cua chum sang den chilu sdng phia trUdc dnh hudng rdt Idn tdi tdra nhin thdy ddi tUpng tren dUdng cua ngUdi Iai Vdi chiun sdi^ din pha, todn bd anh sang phdt d i u hudng thdng v l phia trUdc, tdm true chilu sdng song song vdi dUdng Do vdy, tdra nhin phu thupc chu yeu vdo cdng suat chieu sang cua din Ddi vdi chdra sdng chilu gdn, kit cau chum sang dupe thilt k l dac bi?t (han c h l gdy chdi cho xe ngUpc chilu) Do vdy, tam nhin phu thu0c nhilu vdo hudng chdm sang chilu gan Vat quan sat d phia bin phai xe quan sat tdt hdn phia b i n trai xe Chieu cao lap dat den ciing cd anh hUdng tdi tdm nhin, den lap cao hdn thi thu^n lpi hdn cho tdm nhin cua ngUdi Iai - Anh hudng cda mdu sac vat quan sdt tdi tdm nhin thdy ddi tupng: Kit qua thi nghiem cho thdy raau sac cda vat quan sdt dnh hUdng rdt Idn tdi tam nhin thay ddi tupng trin dUdng cua ngUdi Idi Trong cdng rapt dieu kiln chieu sang vd vat quan sdt (kich thudc, hinh dang khdng thay ddi), thay ddi mSu sac cua vat quan sat, tara nhin thdy ddi tUpng tren dUdng thay doi rdt Idn, cd trudng hpp thay doi t r i n 40% S.KETLU^N Vi|c khao sat tdra nhin thdy ddi tUpng trin dudng cua ngUdi ldi dira sfl dung den chieu sang phia trUdc la rat quan trpng, dd la rapt thdng sd cd tinh dinh lUpng giup ngUdi Idi lUa chpn vdn tdc an todn rapt each hdp Iy thara gia giao thdng ban dim Thdng so cung danh gid hieu qua cua den pha lap trin d td vd nd rat cd y nghia viec danh gid an todn chuyin ddng cua d td d i m sfl dung den chilu sang phia trUdc