NGHIEN Cdu TRAO 061 XAC 0!NH PHAT THAI B 6 HONG C O A D Q N G CQ DIESEL VAOONG CQ DIESEL LPG BANG THLTC NGHIEM IDENTIFY SOOT EMISSION OF DIESEL ENGINES AND DIESEL LPG ENGINES THROUGH EXPERIMENT PGS, T[.]
NGHIEN Cdu-TRAO 061 XAC 0!NH PHAT T H A I B HONG C O A D Q N G CQ DIESEL VAOONG CQ DIESEL- LPG BANG THLTC NGHIEM IDENTIFY SOOT EMISSION OF DIESEL ENGINES AND DIESEL-LPG ENGINES THROUGH EXPERIMENT PGS, TS Cao Trpng Hien\ ThS Vddng Van Sdn^ 'TrUdng Dai hpe Giao thdng Van tai ^TrUdng D^ hpc Cdng nghe Giao thdng Van tai TOM TAT Bdi bdo ndy, trinh bdy kit qud nghien cdu thdc nghiem bdng thiit bj hien dgi xdc dinh p thdi bd hdng cua ddng cd diesel vd dgng cd diesel - LPG Dong thdi ddnh gid hieu qud bdo ve md sd dung dgng cd chgy da nhien liiu diesel - LPG ABSTRACT This paper presents the experimental results Identifying soot emission of diesel engines and LPG engines using modern devices The paper also includes the evaluation of protective effectiven environment ofthe diesel-LPG engines I.MODAU bui khdi Trong nhdng ndm qua, eung vdi sU phat triln cua kinh tl dat nUde, nhu cdu di lai, van chuyen hang hda cua ngddi ddn tang nhanh Sd lUdng cae phUdng tien giao thdng, ddc biet la cac phUdng tiln sd dung nhien lieu diesel vi the ma cung tang len rat nhanh Tinh den 31/12/2012, sd lUdng d td trin ca nddc dat 1539142 chile [2] Dl giam lUdng bd hdng eho dpng cU diesel hiln da ed nhilu bien phdp, dd cd giai phap sd dung lUdng nhiln lieu diesel- LPG Sd dung LPG lam nhien lieu thay thi ngoai viee giai quyf' van de cgn kiet nhien lieu truyen thdng cdn giai quyet dddc van dl d nhiem mdi trUdng Sd lupng phUdng tien tang lln mdt each nhanh chdng keo theo sdc ep ngdy cang ldn ddi vdi mdi trddng dd thi Ham lUpng cdc chat dde hai khdng ma phan Idn chung dupe sinh thai cua nhdng loai phUdng tiln da vUpt qud tieu chuan cho phep dae bilt Id TAP CHi CO KHf VlfiT NAM • Bai bao trinh bdy kit qua nghifin cifu thUc nghiem danh gia dp khdi cua ddng cd died chay tren bang thd d ede tdc dp ddng cd khic Ddng thdi, tdc gia tiln hdnh danh gia kha nang giam dp khdi cda ddng cd diesel sd dijng da nhien lieu diesel-LPG Cae kit qua nghidn oiu se la ed sd dinh hddng eho vile trien khai dp dpS Sd (Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO D6\ UiUc tl gidi phap ky thuat gidm bd hdng eho eac dpng ed diesel dang lUu hdnh d Viet Nam, vd eung chinh Id nhan td quan trpng gdp phan cdi thien chat Idpng khdng thdi gian tdi ldm thay ddi sd lUdng hat NgUpc Iai sU phat trien bang dddng lien kit va hpp dfnh cdc hgt vdi Iam gidm sd lUdng hgt nhdng ndng dd bd hdng khdng thay ddi Khi sd phdt triln bl mat hat kit thdc, qua trinh Hen kit hat thdnh chuoi vd NOI DUNG NGHI£N ctfu cum vin cd thi xay Khi dd Ii^c tinh diln cda chdng cd vai trd quan trpng va Id ylu td chinh tgo 2.1 Tdm tdt qud trinh hinh bd hdng sd hdp dinh NhU v|y, budng chdy budng chdy cua dpng cd diesel ddng cd lien tue xdy qud trinh tgo hgt nhdn, phdt trien bl mat vd liln kit hgt mdi giai doan, Cd chl hinh thdnh bd hdng dupe ehia nhilt dp du eao, hgt bd hdng bj dxy hda mpt phan hodc todn phdn thdnh cae giai doan chinh nhd sau: + Giai doan 1: hinh thdnh hgt bo hdng + Giai dogn 3: qud trinh dxy hda hgt bd hdng V|t chat cua pha ngUng tu ddu tiln phdt triln td nhdng phdn td nhiln heu thdng qua cdc sdn pham cua sU dxy hda hodc cdc san pham phan huy nhilt Nhdng sdn phan ndy gdm nhdng cacbuahydrd khdng bdo hda khac nhau, dac bilt Id axltylen, cdc ddng vi bdc cao cua nd va nhdng HAP Hai dgng phan td ndy dddc coi nhU Id nhdn td chinh sU hinh thdnh bd hdng Phdn dng ngUng cua nhdng phdn td the dan din sU hinh thdnh cdc hgit nhdn bd hdng ddu tiln ed dudng kinh rdt be (d < 2nm), ddy Id cdc h^t cd sd dupe hpp thdnh bdi mpt Idpng ldn cdc gdc tinh thi ddn le cd kich thddc td 20 ^ 30A'' d nhilt dd thap (< 1700K), cacbuahydrd thdm cd the sinh bd hdng mdt cdch trUe tilp va nhanh chdng biln edu true gdn graphite Khi nhilt dp cao hdn 1800K, mdt ed chl hinh thdnh bd hdng khac diln ch^ni hdn vd it trUe tilp hdn TrUdc hit qua trung gian nhflng thdnh phan HC cd khdi lupng phdn td nhd vd sau dd b| polyme hda thdnh nhiing phan td kem bao hda cd khdi lupng phan td Idn hdn Ddy la cdc mam cd ban de hinh thdnh cac hat nhdn bd hdng Qua trinh dxy hda cd the diln ldc hinh thdnh cdc phdn td hoat tinh, hat nhdn vd hat bd hdng Thdc nghiim cho thay phan Idn bd hdng bi dxy hda xylanh trUdc qud trinh thai bat ddu Tde dp dxy hda bd hdng dpng ed phu thude vdo sU khuleh tdn cua cdc chdt tham gia cung nhU dpng hpc phdn dng Cd rat nhieu chat bin sdn pham chdy hay d gan ngpn Ida cd thi dxy hda bd hdng nhd: O^, O OH, CO^, vd H^O Theo nhflng kit qud gdn ddy, dilu kiln dp sudt mdi trUdng vd hdn hdp gidu thi sU dxy hda bd hdng bdi gdc OH quan trpng hdn so vdi sU dxy hda cua O hay O^ Cd thi thay rdng, hgt bd hdng hinh thdnh la sdn phdm cda edc qud trinh: tao hat cd sd, hinh hgt bd hdng, phdt triln va dxy hda hat bd hdng Tde dp tao bd hdng qua trinh chdy Id hilu sd gifla tdc dp san sinh vd tdc dp dxy hda bd hdng Cd chl hinh bd hdng phu thuOc chu ylu vdo ndng dp nhiln Ulu, dxy vd nhiet dp qua trmh ehdy + Giai dogn 2: Phdt triin hgt bd hdng 2.2 Xdc dinh phat thai bo hoi^ td dong cd diesel va dpng cd diesel - LPG bdng thi^c nghidm Qud trinh phdt triln cda h^t bd hdng bao gdm sU phdt triln be mat, ngUng tu vd sd liln kit h^t Su phdt trien bl mat dien cdc chat the ngUng tu trin hgt ran vd biln mpt bp phdn cda hgt Cdc phdn dng phdt trien be mat ddn din sU gia tdng ndng dp bd hdng nhUng khdng 2.2.1 LUa chon doi tddng thi nghiim Trong dilu ki|n sd dung d nddc ta, d td tdi nhd vd trung binh chilm ty le Idn hdn nhilu so vdi edc loai d td khdc Vdi cdc logi d td tai nhd vd trung binh, logi dpng cd dupc sd dung nhieu nhat"^ TAP CHf CO KHf VIETNAM • Sd (Thang nam 2013) NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOI la ddng ed cd cdng sudt tren dudi 100 KW Do dd, de tdi chpn ddng cd thi nghiem Id ddng ca FAWDE- 4DX23-110 eua Trung Qudc, day Id ddng cd diesel xy lanh, edng suat 81 KW, trpng lupng tinh 340 kg, dpng ed tang dp bang tuabin may nen Dpng cd thudng dupe lap tren cae d td tdi nhd He thdng cung cap LPG cho ddng cd dupe chpn de thi nghiim Id he thdng LPG DBES-200 hang WTV - UK (Anh) sdn xuat H I thdng ndy cd tde dung hda hdi vd eung cap lUdng LPG thich hdp cho ddng ca diesel 2.2.2 LUa chgn thiet bi thi nghiem I h i nghiim t r i n dupe tien hdnh t r i n bang thd ddng lUc hpc cao ETCOl tai Phdng thd nghiem ddng ca - Trung tdm thd nghiim thai phUdng tiln giao thdng cd gidi dddng bd Phdng thd dupe trang bi ddng bd thilt bi de thd nghiim thai cho dpng ca hang nang cdng nhan kilu, cac thilt bi dddc cung cap bdi Cdng ty AVL List GmbH Cdc bp phan ed ban eua thilt bi thi nghiim dUpe trinh bdy tdi lieu [3] 2.2.3 Quy trinh thi nghiim 2.2.3.1 Ldp dgt ddng cd vd he thong cung cap LPG D - BES - 200 Ddng ed dddc dgt len bdng thd va can chinh dp dong tdm cua true ddn dpng vdi tryc khuyu ddng ed Sau dinh vi dupe ddng ccf len cac gdi dd, tiln hanh xiet chat cdc bu ldng co dinh ddng cd vdi be thd vd t i l n hdnh chay va k i l m tra ' Bd giam dp hda hdi dUdc bd tri canh ddng ca, gdn d u d n g dng nap Vdi phun LPG va sensor thu tin hieu dp suat dUde lap vao m^t bich ndi tiep eua dUdng dng ngp, dddng nxldc ndng vao dddc lap vao dudng nUdc ndng vao cua t h i l t bi thd, dUdng nUde ddpc lap vao dudng nUde cua ddng cd D l dam bao cho nUdc ndng dUde lien tuc luan ehuyin qua trinh thd nghiem, gida dddng nUde vao cua hg chuyin ddi ed lap mdt b d m day d l tgo dp chenh dp gida hai dau dng dan Sd bd tri h i thong cung cap LPG D - BES - 200 vdo ddng cd du^»c trinh bay t r i n hinh B^ulockhl; BQ lam mit n ^ , Btnn cao ip; BSu Ipc thfi; Turbo tang ip; V6i phun, Dddng dng ISy tin hi«u ip suit n^p Duimg 5ng din LPG di h6a h* 10 Sam cao ip 11 B? giJim dp hda hcri; 12 Biu Ipc tmh; 13 Binh chila LP; 14 DUfmg 6ng din LPG; 15.1Utlininiitd(ngc0, 16 Thiing nhltn ll^l dieid Hmh Sd bo tri hi thong cung cdp LPG D-BES- 200 tren ddng cd TAP CHf CO KHf VIETNAM • Sd (Thang ndm 2013) NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO OOl 22.3.2 Thi nghiim dd khdi cua ddng cd diesel nguyen thuy - Thilt ldp che dd thd theo ylu cau d eae tde dp quay khdc - Dilu khiln dpng cd chgy theo chddng trinh da thilt lap d l dd khdi cda ddng cd - Xudt kit qud thd nghi|m sau da thd nghiem xong 2.2.3.3 Thi nghiim do khdi cda ddng cd dieselLPG - Cho ddng ca chgy 6n dinh, dilu chinh cdc van d l cung cap LPG vdo dddng dng nap ddng cd - D l xkc dinh Idpi^ LPG thay t h i nhiln heu diesel qud trinh thi nghi|m, edn cho ddng cd chgy trin bang thd d c h l dp tdc dp 1680 v/ph, cdng suat 40 KW (50% tai) Sau dilu chmh keo rang d l giam Idpng nhiln heu diesel tilu thu xudng cdn 80%, 90% Gid nguyen ludng nJiiln li|u diesel va dilu ehinh lUdng LPG phun vdo dUdng dng ngp den dat cdng suat ban dau Td cd t h i xdc dinh dUde % lUdng LPG thay thi - Sau ddng co dd chgy dn dinh cd lUdng LPG thay thi, tien hdnh thi nghiim dp khdi tUdng tU nhu thd ddng ca nguyin thuy 2.2.4 Kit qud thin^iem Sau tien hdnh thd nghi|m ddng cd diesd vd ddng cd diesel-LPG d chl dp toan tai vdi eac tdc dd vdng quay khdc Chiing tdi thu dUde cdc kit qud dp khdi nhU bdng vd hinh Bdng Kit qud do khdi cua dgng cd diesel pha thim LPG D6kh6i*100%tii(l/m) liSc dd d^ng cd (v/ph) Diesel Diesel + I0%LPG So sanh (%) Diesel -f 20%LPG So sanh 1000 0,394 0,379 -3,8 0,370 -6,1 1200 0,207 0,197 -4,8 0,187 -9,7 1400 0,142 0,134 -5,6 0,125 -12,0 1600 0,086 0,080 -6,9 0,077 -10,0 1800 0,068 0,062 -8,8 0,058 -14,7 2000 0,081 0,074 -8,4 0,068 -16,0 2200 0,120 0,110 -8,2 0,101 -15,9 2400 0,182 0,160 -12,0 0,142 -22,0 2600 0,252 0,217 -13,9 0,186 -26,2 2800 0,342 0,280 -18,1 0,227 -33,6 (%) -Diesel 0^5 - l - 1.- V '-Dieselt10%lPG D>eset