Phân tích trường ứng suất cơ học tác dụng lên các chi tiết động cơ diesel sau khi tăng áp sử dụng phần mềm catia

NGHIEN CU'U-TRAO DOI PHAN TiCH TRU'O'NG U'NG SUAt CO HOC TAC DUNG LEN CAC CHI TIET DONG CO DIESEL SAU KHI TANG AP SLP DUNG P H A N M £ M C A T I A THE MECHANICAL LOAD ANALYSIS OF A TURBOCHARGED DIESEL ENGINE USING CATIA SOFTV^ARE Nguyen Tien Han Khoa Cong nghfi to, Truong Dai hgc Cong nghifip Ha Ngi TOM TAT Phuang phdp phdn tir hiru hgn dang duac cdc nhd khoa hgc trin the gioi su dung rgng rdi cho viec phdn lich tdi trgng ca hgc vd tdi trgng nhiit tdc dung lin cdc chi tiit cua hi ca Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy ket qud nghien ciru ve tdi trgng tdc dgng len cdc chi tiit cda mgt dgng ca D243 sau dug'c tdng dp Ket gud phdn tich dugc so sdnh vai dgng ca nguyen thuy de ldm ca sd" ddnh gid ben hogt dgng md tdi trgng ca hgc vd nhiit hgc tdng len sau tdng dp Nghien cuu dd chi rdng, img sudt tdc dung lin cdc chi tiet quan trgng cua dgng ca nhu truyen, piston vd ndp xylanh tdng ddng ki sau viec tdng dp ducrc thuc Men Ngodi ra, img sudt ndy cUng thay doi theo che ldm viic vd theo goc quay tnic khuyu cda dgng ca Ket qud ciia nghien ciru la nin tdng cho viec dp dung phuong phdp phdn tir hiru hgn cho viic thiet ke tinh todn cdc he thong ca thay cho cdc phuong phdp thuc nghiim ton kem vd kho thuc hiin thuc ti Tir khoa: Ndp mdy dgng ca; Tdi trgng nhiet vd tdi trgng ca khi; Dgng ca dot trong; Phuang phdp phdn tuhitu hgn; Chia luai phdn tu ABSTRACT The finite element method has been worldwide applied by scientists to analyze the thermal and mechanical stresses of the engine parts This paper aims to study the stresses on the important components ofthe D243 test engine after retrofitting a turbocharger, including cylinder head, piston and rob Consequently the stresses on the parts of turbocharged engine are compared with those of the original engine to evaluate its reliability using finite element method The results ofthe thermal and mechanical analyses indicated that the maximum stresses occurring the areas of combustion chambers and they also increased dramatically after turbochargingfor the test engine These also change according to the engine firing order and load The findings of this research show a simple and cheap progress to determine the lifetime of mechanical parts through finite element analysis instead of experimental tests, which are so difficult to conduct when designing mechanical system Keywords: Cylinder head Mechanical and thermal stresses Internal combustion engine, Finite Element Method, Mesh generation ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHf CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 nam 2017 www.cokhivietn am.vn NGHIEN CU'U-TRAOD6| GICI T H I | U CHUNG Tren the gidi, dpng ca diesel dugc su dung rgng rai trfin cdc phuong tifin giao thong va cac may moc cdng nghiep bai tmh hieu qua va hifiu suat cao Tai Viet Nam, ddng ca diesel cung chiem mgt sd lugng ldn Tinh dfin nam 2006, dgng CO diesel chifim 21.75%) thitnr6ng to mdi tai Viet Nam (khoang gdn 40.000 chific), tang dang kfi so voi nam 2001, ty lfi la dudi 10% Tuy nhifin, phan ldn nhimg ddng dpng ca diesel thugc thfi he cii, tdn tai nhifiu nhugc diem nhu: Suat tieu hao nhifin lieu ldn, cac phan phat thai dpc hai cao Dfi khac phuc cac nhugc difim can cdi tifin, ling dung cong nghfi hifin dai de cai thien qua trinh lam vific cua dgng ca dot Tang ap cho ddng ca diesel la mgt nhiing bien phdp hifiu qua nham tang cong suat, giam tifiu hao nhifin lieu cirng nhu cac phdn phat thai Hifin nay, phan ldn cac dpng CO diesel hifin dai tren thfi gidi dfiu dugc trang bi he thong tang dp Tuy nhifin, tai Viet Nam, mgt lugng ldn cac loai dgng ca diesel van chua duac trang bi he thong nay, vay, khong phat huy dugc tot nhiing mi the cua dpng CO tang dp Vific nghifin ciiu cai tifin trang bi tang dp cho nhimg dong dpng ca va iing dling vdo thuc tifin tai Viet Nam la van de cap thiet va co y nghta thyc tifin cao Tuy nhifin, vific tang ap cho dong ca dot dan den vific tang tdi trpng nhiet, tai trpng ca va do anh hudng true tifip tai su lam vific vd dp bfin tuoi thp dpng ca [1-3] Vific tinh toan cdc tdi trgng la rat kho khan thuc tfi chfi dp lam vific rat phiic tap cua dpng ca dot Phuong phap phdn tii hmi han la mdt giai phdp tot dfi gidi quyfit nhiing nhupc diem a tren co dp tin cay cao vd su thudn lgi qua trinh lam vific Sir dung phuang phap phdn tu hiiu han, nguoi su dung CO thfi mo hinh doi tugng duoi dang ludi cac phan tli bao gom cac phdn tu nho vd cdc nut, tir dat difiu kifin bifin va gidi cdc phuong trinh dupc thifit lap de tinh toan cau tnic ciong nhu ca thong so ky thudt khac ciia d6i tugng cdn phan tich Trong nghifin cuu nay, phdn mfim Catia dugc sir dung dfi tinh todn truong iing suat va nhifit dp tac dung lfin cac chi tifit cua dgng ca dot sau viec tang dp dugc thuc hifin Dgng ca nghien ciiu la dgng co D243 vdi cong suat 80 ma luc va da dugc sir dung rpng rai trudc day tai Viet Nam cho cdc mdy nong nghifip va tau bifin D I TlTCfNG NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Tong quan vfi phan mem Catia Catia dugc viet tat tu cum tir Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application Catia Id mpt bg phan mfim thuang mai phiic hop CAD/CAM/CAE dugc hang Dassault Systemes phat trien va IBM Id nhd phan phoi tren toan thfi gidi [4-6] Catia tich hgp nhifiu phan he thifit kfi, iing dung nhifiu Imh vuc khac Catia co ddy du cdc cong cu lenh ciing nhu cdc gidi phdp cho nhifiu ngdnh nghfi thifit ke khdc Ngoai ra, cac chiic nang ca ban thifit kfi ca nhu ve phdc, bifin dang bfi mat, hinh khoi Catia CO cac chiic nang chuyen sau vific thifit kfi cac bien dang phiic tap, so hoa vd toi im cdc bifin dang be mat, tao cac hinh anh tuang tac bat mat ciing nhu tao chuyfin dgng qua chiic nang mo phong cua chuong trinh 2.2 Dac tinh ky thuSt cua dfing cff D243 Dgng ca diesel D243 lap tren day chuyfin cong nghe cua cpng hda Belarut, day la loai dpng ca dugc che tao chu yeu lap tren may keo Trong mpt thai gian dai, loai dpng ca ndy da khang dinh dugc vi tri cua minh trfin thi ' ^ ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 nam 2017 NGHIEN CO'U-TRAO D | truong Viet Nam, vi gid thdnh chfi tJio tuong doi re, phu tdng thay thfi san c6 Dpng CO D243 sir dung phuong phap tao hon hop kieu the tich mang co dang buong chay tam giac dinh loi, vifin nghien ciiu ve dpng ca diesel cua Lifin Xo cii thifit kfi LTu diem CO bdn cua loai dpng ca c6 phuong phap tao hon hpp thfi tich mdng Id ldm vi?c fim tuih kinh te cao va duong dac tinh suat tifiu hao nhifin lifiu tuong ddi phdng dai rpng cua che dp tdc dp dpng co lam viec theo dac tinh ngoai Cac thong so ky thuat ciia dgng co D243 dugc thfi hien Bdng [7-10]: J / Thdng sd ky thudt cda dpng ca D243: TT Thong so/ Ki hieu Ma hieu D243 Gia tri Dom vi DSC 80 Thli tu danh so cac xylanh (tir phia quat gW) Thli tu cong tac The tich cong tac (Vh) 4,75 Duong kinh xylanh(D) 110 nun Hanh trinh piston (S) 125 mm Ty so nen (e) 16 Cong suat dinh muc(Nemax) 80 Toe quay ling voi Nemax 2200 v/ph 10 Mo mem xoan ldn nhit (Memax) 28 kG.m 11 Goc phun s6m nhien lieu 12 Ap suat nang kim phun 13 Suit tieu hao nhien lieu 14 Cong suat lit XAY DVNG M HINH CAC CHI TIET CUAD0NGCaD243 Nap may dgng ca la mpt chi tifit c6 hinh dang rat phiic tap Dieu kien ldm vific cua nap may la khdc nghiet va thay ddi thupc vao dieu kien ldm vific cua dpng ca Nap mdy tifip xiic true tiep va lifin tuc vdi hdn hpp cong tdc va moi chat ldm mdt nen nhiet dp tai cac difim khong gidng Sir khong dong nhdt cua nhi^t dp tai cac diem gay nfin tai trgng nhifit 1-2-3-4 1-3-4-2 dm' Ma luc 20