Phương pháp xác định các thông số hợp lý của máy đào cỡ siêu nhỏ trên cơ sở kết quả nghiên cứu đối với bộ phận công tác của máy

NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D | PHiraNG PHAP XAC DINH CAC THONG S6 HOP LY CUA MAY DAO CCf SIEU NHP TREN CO SCf K E T Q U A NGHIEN CLKU Dpi v a i BO PHAN CONG TAG C O A MAY THE MI-TI lOD WHICH DEFINES THE REASONABLE PARAMETER OF THi: MICRQEXCAVATOR BASED ON THE RESULT OF RESEARCHING FROM MACHINE'S WORK COMPONENT PGS.TS Pham Quang Dung' , ThS Train VSn Vi«t' 'Tnicmg Dai hpc Xay diing -Cong ty Co phan C()ng nghiep SHM TOM TAT Mdy ddo cd sieu nho Id mot loai mdy dUdc sit dung dtcu kien dia hinh rdt chat hep, t vdo nho, khong the sil dung cdc loai mdy cd nho, vi'ia vd Idn Loai mdy ndy luon dUdc cdi tien thong qua cdc sdng che vd gidi phdp hvtu ich Bdi bdo gidi thieu phUdngphdp ddnh cho kysUdixd dinh cdc thong so hop ly cua mdy ddo cd sieu nhd tren cd sd ket qua nghien cdu doi vdi bo phan co tdc cua mdy Id cdc sdng che hoac gidi phdp hQu ich T\i khoa: Mdy ddo cd sieu nhd, thiet bi ddo ABSTRACT The microexcavator is a kind of machine which is used in cramped terrain condition, smal entrance, and even when they cannot use the small machines, medium and targe ones This mach always advancing through invention and useful solution The article introduces a method for engi to determine the reasonable parameters of microexcavators on the basis of research results from machine's work component by patents or useful solutions Keywords: Microexcavator, Digging device TAP CHi CO KHl VI£T NAM V 86 (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO 001 MdDAU Trong dieu kien dja hinh chat hep, ldi vao nho, khoi liitfng thi cdng khdng Idn , viec sii dung cac loai may dao cd nhd, vda va Idn la khong the thif c hien dif oc hoac cho hi$u quA kinh t^khong cao Do cdn thieu nhdng thiet bi lam dat cd sieu nho, gon nhe, ca dpng nen thi cdng dat nhCfng dieu kien neu tren budc phai thi cong bang sdc lao dpng thu cdng vdi nang suat va hieu qua kinh te rat thap Tinh trang tiiong tl/ cung xay ca ddi vdi nhij'ng niJdc cdng nghiep phat trien Khae vdi may d^o mdt gau cd nhd (Miniexcavator), may dao mdt gau cd sieu nhd (Microexcavator) thiidng cd khdi lUpng diidi mot tan, kich thiidc bao nhd nhat cd the (chieu rpng khong viipt qua Im), dung tich gau 0,01 T 0,03 m3, de lap dat, van chuyen den nPi thi cong chat hep bang each keo theo hoac bang cac phuong tien van chuyen cd nhd, gia may vao khoang 3000 -^ 10000 bang Anh Dien hinh la may dao mot gau cd sieu nhd cda cac hang Powerfab Mantis, Microturbo(Anh); Kaho, Komatsu (Nhat); Talpino (Y), Cubota (My) [3] Tuy nhien, cac loai may cd che lam viec theo chu ky cho nang suat khdng cao, gia dat va pham vi dng dung han che Tii giiia thap ky 80 cua the ky XX, tren thi tri(6ng chau Au xuat hien loai may dao cd sieu nho (Microdiggingmachme) cd che lam viec lien tuc, kich thildc rat nhd gon va cho nang suat cao Cac loai may dung de dao hao dat diidng ong cap thoat nildc, dUdng cap ngam; Dao cac hd mong nho dieu kien dia hinh chat hep, ldi vao nho; Nad vet va dao kenh mUOng npi ddng nong nghiep, thuy loi Dien hinh la may dao cd si^u nho cd che dp lam viec lien tuc cua cac hang Case, Cubota, Ditch Witch (My); Melroe Europe (Bi); A.F.Trenchers Ltd (Anh) 13], cdng tac theo sang che A.C sd 291006, sd 939666 sd 308158 {Lien Xd cu); Patent sd 2798314 (My) co chitc nang dao dat thdng qua cac liidi phay cat dat va chitc nang van chuyen dat theo nguyen ly vang li tam thdng qua rdto vdi cac canh van chuyen dat Dac biet hieu qua theo quan diem chi phi nang li((?ng rieng nho, ket cau dOn gian va nhd gon la Ciic bp phan cdng tac theo cac giai phap hflu ich sd 4364476, 4329573, 4753298 (LienXo cu), theo dd ehdc nang dao va van chuyen dat diipc ket hpp ciing mpt bp phan cdng tac dang rdto, cat d.il theo chu vi cua rdto tao loi dat d gifla vA tu sap xudng, dat duqc van chuyen dong theo nguyen ly vang ly tam Nham tao cac loai may mdi cd hieu qua cao dieu kien dia hinh chat hep, can phai thUc hien hai budc cP ban sau: - Biidc 1: Tdi flu hoa bp phan cong tac bang nghien cdu ly thuyet va thflc nghiem nhim tim cac thdng so ket cau va ddng hoc tdi flu ciia bd phan cdng tac vdi ham muc tieu la chi phi nang Iflpng rieng, Iflc xd ngang va life can cong tac dpc theo phflpng di chuyen nhd nhat - Bfldc 2: Tinh toan thiet k^ may dao cd sieu nhd tren co sd ket qua ciia bai toan tdi flu d bfldc 1, dam bao cac tieu chl yeu cau ve chi phi nang Iflpng rieng nhd, ket cau don gian nhd gpn, gia ha, nang suat cao Bai bao de xuat phflOng phap danh cho ky sfl de xac dinh cac thdng sd hpp ly cua may dao cd sieu nhd d bfldc tren ca sd kit qua nghien cdu cua bfldc PHl/ONG P H A P Qua trinh xac dinh cac thdng sd hpp ly cua may dao cd sieu nhd cd che dp lam viec lien tuc tren cP sd ket qua nghien cflu ddi vdi bd phan cdng tac cua may dflpc md ta tren hinh Trong vdng 20 nam trd lai day, bd phan Cac yeu cau ddi vdi may thiet ke bao gdm cong tac cda may dao cd sieu nhd cd che dp lam viec lien tuc ludn dUpc cai tien thdng qua cac sang cac yeu cau ve cong nghe (kich thfldc hao can dao; che va giai phap hiifu ich Dien hinh la cac bd phan Loai nen dat; Kich thfldc va khdi Iflpng may dam ® TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM *l* Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN cufu-TRAO Ddi bao yeu cau van chuyen va thi cdng dieu kien dia hinh chat h?p, ldi v^o nhd; Dieu ki?n bam v^ yeu cau ve life gifl tay dieu khitfn ) v i cac tieu chi kinh te ky thuat ylu cau (nang suat may, chl phi nang Iflpng rieng, gia thinh Ddm bdo hi?u qud so vdi cdc may cung cdng di^ng hi?n cd) - Kciqtiin^Mimilnphuicaiijiic thdng sd dau vdo d^ xac dinh cac thdng s6 hpp ly ciia mdy can thiet ke D6 ddm bdo cho may cd kich thfldc nho gpn thi sP dan dpng ciia may phai dflpc chpn theo nguyin tdc ket hpp hpp ly gifla bp truyen tif ddng CP tdi bp phan cdng tdc vd tdi banh xe di chuyen vdi sd bd truyen nhd nhat, phu hpp vdi cac ylu CEiu vd dilu ki^n ldm vi|c cua mdy (hinh 2) " ' i - Xic dinli Iff bo bcb ibutrc Uioi luong luy Xx diDh siin ocfton^iODim culopluiicoiiEiic •' -^ ^ \ i CbodanEcadlndaDiiuy '•HBt'' _, / ^ ^ ^ i- t -:Vp^ T^y -^ ' : ' / - " "^ t ;rjyaidon|\ihsi>L6n|di.:a'jyiiin:ii Xa-iQinJiaiincaciHiclii^s^d.-jdonai J li^S—•/ ca: vin c i \ Hinh Sd ddn dong mdy ddo cd sieu nho -D^ng CO dif n hojc dgng ca dot 2-B9 truyin xich 3-Hpp giam l6c; 4-BSnh xe di chuyfn, S-khdp giiJi han mo men; 6-Bp phfln cdng tic, 7-Tay dieu khi^n SChan chong Dk nnh ky ttmai d a any ibiai fce Hinh I Mo td phUdngphdp xdc dinh cdc thongso hop ly cua mdy ddo cd sieu nho Ket qud nghien cflu ddi vdi bp ph^n cdng tac thfldng la ket qua nghien cflu thflc nghiem xac dinh mien tdi flu ciia cac thdng sd ket cau (hinh dang, kich thfldc cac chi tiet) va thdng sd dpng hpc (tdc dp quay, di chuyen) ciia bp phan cdng tac ddm bdo cho ham muc tieu (chi phi nang Iflpng rieng, Iflc xd ngang, Iflc cdn cdng tac theo phfldng di chuyen) nhd nhat Trin CO sd cac yeu cau cdng nghe ddi vdi mdy thiet ke va dac tinh ky thuat cua cac loai may cd cung cdng dung hien cd, xac dinh so bp cac kich thfldc vd khdi Iflpng mdy thiet ke Tfl dd xac dinh gid trj cua cac thdng sd tdi flu mien toi flu cac thdng so cua bp phan cdng tac thda man cac dilu ki^n sau: - Dieu kiln ve tdc dp di chuyen may V^^ (m/ph) dam bdo nang suat ky thuat ylu cau Q^ (mVh) O '^ Cac yeu cau ddi vdi may thiet ke va ket qua nghien cflu doi vdi bd phan cdng tac la cac TAP CHi C O KHi V I £ T NAM • 60.BJI (1) Trong dd: B,H ~ chieu rpng va chieu sau hao sau mpt Iflpt dao, m Sd (Thang nam 2012) NGHIEN CaU-TRAGDdl - Dilu kiln ve Iflc can cdng tdc theo Trong dd: i • ty sd truyen bd truyen phiiflng di chuyen P^ dam bdo cho banh xe di xich; chuyen khdng bi quay trdn dao dat (dieu kiln '^opi ' f^opi - toe dp quay cua bp phan bam) cdng tdc mien gia tri tdi flu xdc dinh theo P,-'" 0.12 \lBi d 5.38 6,72 20 20 o.e 1,05 315 357,5 100 0.03 0,03 0.03 20 1,2 1,5 b.inph C.NIPa Hinh Ket qud nghiin cdu doi vdi bo phdn cdng tdc 12] ^ i ••'''• Hinh Bgphdn cong tdc a)Sd cdu tao; b) Bo l-chi phi ndng tupng riing e: 2-IUc xd ngang Pn; b) i-l\ic cdn cdng tdc theo phiiOng di chuyin Pd; 4-diiu ki$n (I); theo gidi phdp hUu ich so 4753298 S-diSu ki^n (2); 6-diiu ki^n (3) phdn cong tdc ldm viec TAP CHi CO KHi VIETNAM V Sd (Thang nSm 2012) NGHIEN CtfU-TRAO 061 Tren hinh la hinh chung cua may ddo cd silu nho Idp bd phan cdng tdc theo giai phap hflu ich s6 4753298 vdi phfldng an dan ddng bang ddng cp dien May co dac tinh ky thuat chinh nhfl sau: Khdi Ifldng may, kg Kich thfldc mdy (rpng x dai x cao), m Kich thfldc hao sau hai lan dao (rpng x sdu), m Cong suat dpng cd, kW Nang suat dao (dat cap II, III), mVh Dp xa van chuyen dat, m 105 0,4x1,0x1,3 0,4x0,56 3,6 Hinh Hinh chung mdy ddo cd siiu nho co che ldm viec lien tuc 1-tay dieu khien; 2-dgng cd ddn dong; 3-bo truyen; 4-bdnh xe di chuyen; 5-hd phan cong tdc 4.KETLUAN So sanh tinh ndng ky thudt cua may thiet ke vdi cac loai may cd cung cdng dung hien cd cho thay may thiet ke cd tinh nang ky thuat cao, hieu qud Mdy co kich thfldc rat nhd gpn, cd ddng, kit cau don gian va hodn toan cd the c h l tao dflpc d Vilt Nam vdi gid re Viec ap dung cac sang che, giai phap hflu ich vao thflc te Id mdt hfldng di dung dan chfldng trinh ho trd phat trien tai san tri tue • Ngaynhan bai: 04/7/2012 Ngay phan biln: 14/7/2012 Ngfldi phan biln: PGS.TS Vu Liem Chinh Tai lilu tham khao: [linonoJKHTen'bHoe pemeHne OT 29.05.90 n o sanBKe N o 4753289 - TpaHcnopTiipyioiUHH o p r a n " / KM CM, "SeMm jn«6peTeHMJ! B n BanaflHHCKMH, tp.K 3yHr - S a a s n 24.10 89 W.*aM KyaHr 3yHr, M M WHepcHmianbHoro HeBiyK (1993) "SKcnepwMeHTanbHoe onpeneneHHe pauHOHanbHWX napaMcrpoB pa6oHero o p r a n a flewcTBiia ScMnepoHHoro MexaHwawpoBaHHoro HHCTpyMCHTa" FopHbie, CTponTem,Hbie flopoxHwe H JlMHOpaTHBHbie MaiUHHw: PecnySnHKaHCKHH MejKBegOMCXBeHHbiH HayjHO - xexHwiecKqii cfiopHUK, Kiies - YKpaHHa l^jOaM Kyanr 3yHr,(1993), "PaapaSoTKa H cosflaHwe 3eMaepOMHoro MexaHMSHpoBaHHoro HHCTpyMCHTa c paSoiMM opraHOM •W^iiiepeHiiHanbHoro fleiicTBHa WirpyHTOBbixycnoBHW BieTHaMa", fluccepiaqMH HacowcKaHHC yMeHoii cieneHH KaHflMflaia rexHw-iecKHX HayK, KKBB - YKpaHHa TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM V Sd (Thdng nam 2012)