Nghiên cứu thiết kế liên hợp máy băm ép nước dứa

NGHIEN ClifU - TRAO DOI l i e n lioTp M a y b a m e p ni^oTe dufa ThS Tran Dinh Hung, PGS,TS Tran Nhu- Khuyen, KS Tran Nhu- Khanh Trudng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Npi ABSTRACT The pineapple juice with water in a small production facilities of the local must go through two major stages are shredding on the hash then transported by hand to press, incurred labor costs and power consumption of individual large Pineapple juice machine screw torque expensive foreign import inconsistent with small production scale and financial capacity of enterprises, the models produced in the country not based on scientific research Therefore, research and design complex machine hash pineapple juice on the basis of scientific models is to identify the optimal parameters and evaluate the assay in practice has achieved initial success, open the prospects for the design and mass production of complex machines yield different suit the needs of the business is a right direction in accordance with actual production DAT VAN DE rieng vd nUdc qua ndi chung la van de rat can thiet Bam - ep nUdc dUa Id nhUng khau quan trpng qua trinh san xua't nUdc dUa cd dac, dd qua trinh bam nham xe nhd nguyen lieu vd qua trinh ep nham chiet xuat lay dich qua Hien d nhieu nUdc tren the gidi, dd cd Viet nam [2], [3], viec bam vd ep nUdc dUa dUpc thiic hien tren cac may rieng re vay phai ton nhieu thdi gian vd cdng lao ddng de chuyen nguyen lieu tU may ep sang may bam 1dm giam nang suat may vd khd tu ddng hod Vi vay, viec nghien ciiu thiet ke lien hpp may bam ep nUdc dUa nham nang cao nang suat may vd hieu suat thu hoi dich qua 1dm ca sd cho viec hodn thien lien hpp may de trien khai ling dung cho cac cac co sd san xuat nUdc difa ndi DUdi day trinh bdy mot sd ket qua nghien cUu thiet ke, che tao lien hpp may bam ep nUdc dUa N O I DUNG, VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Noi dung nghien ciiu Thiet ke, che tao lien hpp may bam ep nUdc diia; - Khao sat anh hUdng cua mot sd yeu td den nang suat, chat lUpng san pham vd chi phi nang lUpng rieng ^^ TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM •t* So 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO DOI luong dich qud Vi^c xac dinh hdm l\i0ng chat kho dupe tbUc hi?n tren thi^t bi thi nghiem chuyen dimg Ty 1(' dich bdo cdn sdt ba dUpc tinh theo cdng thiic: 2.2 Thiet hi, vat lieu va dung cu thi nghiem Thiet bi thi nghiem la liiMi hop may bam, ep nUdc dua BE-500 cd nang suat SOOkg/b Vat lieu thi nghiem la dua qua tai Ddng Giao (Ninh Binh) i^Udng kinh trung binh ciia qua dUa 5^^'~^M00% 10 H- 12 cm, chieu dai trung binh 12 -f 14 cm, khdi qi lUpng trung binh 600 ^ 800g Lua chpn nhung c[ua dUa co kich thUdc tUong ddi ddng deu, cd q, khdi lUpng chat khd cua mau ba sau ep, g; cimg dp chin va khdng bi bam dap sau benh q, khdi lUpng chat khd cua mau ba sau da tach hodn toan dich qua, g; Dung cu thi nghiem gom cd ddng hd cdng to dien, vdn ke, ampe ke, ddng hd bam giay, can Nang suat may vd chi phi nang lUpng dia, can phan tich loai 2()()g (dp chinh xac 10-5g), rieng dUpc xac dinh bang ddng hd bam day, dong dung cu la\' mau va phan tich mau, thiet bi ep hd cdng to dien thdng dung: chuyen dung phdng thi nghiem, tii say chan khdng, ndi chUng each thuy, Nang suat may dUpc xac dinh theo cdng thiic: 2.3 PhiiOng phap nghien ciiu Ap dung phuong phap nghien cUu ly thuyet xac dinh mot sd thdng sd co ban ciia bd phan bam - ep, tU dd Ung dung de thiet ke, che tao lien hpp may bam, ep nUdc diia Q= l^itin/h) MUc tieu thu dien nang tinh theo cong thUc: Ap dung phuong phap thiic nghiem don Is] l^jic (kwh/tan) yeu td de nghien cUu anh hUdng rieng cua tUng 600.q yeu to: tdc dp quay cua dao bam n^ (vg/ ph), tdc dp quay cua vit xoan n^ (vg/ ph), khe hd ciia thoat ba s(mm), chieu rdng Id sdng a (mm) den ty le Trong dd: dich bdo cdn sdt ba 6(%), nang suat may Q(tan/h) vd chi phi dien nang rieng N_^ (kWh/tan) q- khdi lUpng vat lieu cua me thi nghiem (kg) diia tren nguyen tac chung Id c6 dinh cac thdng sd T- thdi gian ep (h) khac, chi thay doi mot thdng sd de xdc dinh miJtc ac- sd vdng quay tren dia cdng tO (600vdng = dp anh hudng cua thdng sd dd tdi cac thdng so IkWh) Cac thdng sd nghien cijfu dUpc xac dinh nhu sau: KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Thiet ke lien hdp may bam ep niidc diia [1] Ty le dich bdo cdn sdt ba dUpc xac dinh theo phUOng phap qui dinh diia tren co sd So nguyen ly cau tao cua lien hop may xac dinh hdm lUpng chat khd ciia ba ban dau vd bam ep nUdc diia (ki hieu BE-500) dUdc the hien hdm luong chat khd ciia ba dd sau da tach het tren hinh l l TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • S d l (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO D | Hinh 1: Sd nguyen ly lien hdp may hdm - ep diia kieu vit xoan 1- phiu cap lieu; 2- ho phan cao lieu; 3- ho phan hdm; 4, 5- puli dai; 6- khung be may; 7- dong cd dien; 8- ho phan dieu chinh ciia thoat bd; 9- ciia thoat hd; 10- sdng vd gia dd sdng; 11- vit xoan Nguyen ly cau tao: Lien hpp may bam ep nUdc dUa BE - 500 cd cau tao gom bd phan bam vd bd phan ep dUpc lap tren mot khung may Bd phan bam dUpc cau tao bdi 16 dao bam hdn chat thdnh hai hdng tren trdng dao vd bd dao tinh lap cd dinh vao vd may cho 1dm viec cac dao ddng vd tinh xen ke lan Vit xoan cd dang binh cdn vd bUdc xoan giam dan nen tao ap suat ep tang len tU tU nhd dd ba dupe ep kiet - Cd the sU dung de ep nUdc cac loai nUdc qua khac nhU dao, man, mO, tao 3.2 Ket qua nghien ciiu thiic nghiem [4] Bd phan ep gom cd vit xoan dang cdn dUpc lap chat tren true Bao quanh vit xoan Id sdng vd gdng dd sdng True vit xoan c6 the di chuyen dpc true de thay doi khe hd cifa thoat ba nhd cum dieu chinh khe hd cUa thoat ba Bd phan bam vd ep dupe dan ddng tU mot ddng cO dien qua bai bd truyen ddng dai thang Vdi ket cau nhU tren lien hpp may bam ep nUdc dUa BE-500 cd nhUng Uu diem noi bat nhU sau: TbUc hien ddng thdi hai nguyen cdng bam vd ep cimg mot luc nen tiet kiem dUpc lao ddng, giam dUpc nguon ddng liic vd co cau truyen ddng, tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho viec tU ddng hda day chuyen san xuat Trong tat ca cac thi nghiem don yeu td chung tdi deu lay sd mUc bien thien k = vdi khoang bien thien la nhU gifla cac mUc cua mdi yeu td Sd lan thi nghiem lap lai n = Ket qua thi nghiem da xdc dinh dUpc anh hudng ciia cac yeu td vdo den thdng sd nhU sau: 3.2.1 Anh hudng cua toe quay cua vit xoan n (v/ph) Dieu kien thi nghiem: Khe hd ciia thoat ba s = 15mm; Chieu rdng Id sdng a = 1,4mm Ket qua thi nghiem dUpc ghi bang TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D | Bang 1: Ket qud thi nghicw xdc dinh anh Inuhig cua toe quay cua vit xoan Toe quay vit xoan Do sot dich qua n (v ph) (0 o) Nang suat may Q (t/h) 100 150 200 250 300 4.01 2.8J 2.26 2.12 2.08 404.5 465.2 524.1 555'.2 508.3 Chi phi dien nang rieng Nr (kWh/t 6.21 5.35 4.61 4.21 4.59 TU ket qua sd lieu bang 1, ta ve dUpc liic tang nen bd dUOc vat ky hOn, dp sdt dich giam, dd thi bieu dien mdi quan be giUa tdc dp quay ciia nbUng tdc dp true vit tang tren gia tri trung binh thi tdc dd giam dich sdt ba cung giam vit xoan vdi cac hdm Y,, Y„ Y, (hinh 2) rat nhanh Ddi vdi hdm nang suat may, tang Nr Q s (kg/h) (kWh/1) tdc dp, nang suat tang nhUng d cudi viing khao sat thi nang suat dat cUc dai rdi giam dan, ly ma A 5sat giUa hdn hpp lieu vdi mat sdng khdng du Idn, ' lUc kien ket gifla cac Idp lieu lam cho lieu bi quay 560 40^ trdn theo cdnb vit, mat khac tdc vit Idn, liic \ • 520 - 5.5 J/ t \ ly tam cd xu hUdng vang lieu khdi ciia nap heu 3.0 1dm giam nang suat may Khi toe dp quay ciia vit ; ^ \ *i i xoan tang, doan dau chi phi dien nang giam kha 2.5\]^ • • • 400 ^° > nhanh, sau dd dat cUc tieu rdi tang viec thoat 2.0 J/ (v/ph) ba ngodi cham wVs/ I Hinh 2: Anh hUdng cua cua toe quay cua 3.2.2 Anh hudng cua khe hd ciia thoat ba s vit xoan n (v/ph) den cdc hdm Y^, Y^ Y^ (mm) Tren dd thi hinh ta thay, tdc dp quay Dieu kien thi nghiem: Toe dp quay vit cua vit xoan thap thi dp lUc ep thap nen dp sdt xoan n = 200 v/ph; chieu rdng 16 sang a = 1,4mm dich ba Idn, tang tdc dp vit xoan thi dp Ket qua thi nghiem dUOc ghi bang Bang 2: Ket qud thi nghiem xdc dinh anh hUdng cua khe hd ciia thoat hd Khe hdr cira thoat ba s (mm) 15 20 25 Do sot dich qua ba (w/o) Nang suat may Q (kg/h) Chi phi nang luxrng rieng Nr (kWh/t) 2.55 2.15 2.28 3.14 4.24 410.7 474.1 526.8 550.9 556.3 6.22 5.35 4.69 4.35 4.27 TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • So 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) ! NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO D(!)l TU ket qua sd lieu bang 2, ta ve dUpc thi bieu dien mdi quan he gifla khe hd cfla thoat ba vdi cac hdm Y,, Y,, Y,3 (hinh 3) " ' "2' Nr Q (kg/h) (kWh/t) (%) 600 •6.5 • 560 • • « v/ ?^ 2.0 ' •520 - • 55 •480 - •5.0 • 440 - • 4.5 400 4.0 3.2.3 Anh a(mm) \ \/ ^-^ /^ Tren thi hinh cho thay, tang khe hd cfla thoat ba, xu the chu yeu dp sdt dich vd nang suat may tang tang ap lUc ep giam, thdi gian hdn hpp ep lUu lai may it hon Chi phi nang lUpng rieng giam manh d doan dau khe hd Idn thi lUc sUc can d cfla thoat giam, ba thoat nhang bon, nhUng den cudi vung khao sat thi giam khdng dang hUdng cua chieu rong 16 sdng ^ Hinh 3: Anh hildng cua khe hd ciia thoat hd s (mm) den cdc hdm Y^, Y^ 7, Dieu kien thi nghiem: Tdc dp vit xoan n = 200v/ph; Khe hd cfla thoat ba s = 15mm Ket qua thi nghiem xac dinh anh hUdng cua chieu rdng Id sdng dUpc ghi bang Bang 3: Ket qud thi nghiem xdc dinh anh hildng cua chieu rong Id sdng Chieu rong 16 sang Do sot dich qua ba a (mm) (%) 0.6 1.0 1.4 2.09 2.14 Nang suat may Q (kg/Ti) Chi phi nang luong rieng Nr (kWh/t) 2.29 454.5 493.7 520.5 5.69 5.08 4.64 1.8 2.93 535.7 4.38 2.2 3.98 542.0 4.33 TU ket qua sd lieu bang 3, ta ve dUpc thi bieu dien mdi quan he gifla chieu rdng Id sdng vdi cac ham Y,, Y^ vd Y3 (hinh 4) s Nr Q (kg/h) (kWh/t) ; (%) 4.5 4.0 3.6- Tren thi binh ta thay, tang chieu rdng Id sang (he sd roi cua sdng khdng thay ddi, chpn bang 0,25), ban dau Id sdng cdn nhd dp sdt dich tang cham, sau dd dp sdt dich tang ra't nhanh khoang each gifla cdc Id sdng Idn can trd viec thoat dich khdi Idp ba Khi tang chieu rdng Id sdng, ban dau nang suat may tang cham sau dd gan nhfl khdng tang Khi tang kich tbfldc Id sdng, chi phi nang lUpng rieng giam nhUng doan cudi vung khao sat hau nhU khdng giam 3.01/ • 2.5- 3.2.4 400 2.0 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 Anh hUdng cua van toe dao bam vd(v/ph) _M_^ (mm) Dieu kien thi nghiem: n = 200v/ph; s = ^ ^ S — ^ Q — ^ Nr 15mm, a = 1,4mm Ket qua thi nghiem xac dinh Hinh 4: Do thi anh hUdng cua chieu rong 13 sdng den anh hUdng ciia tdc dp dao bam dUpe ghi cdc hdm Yl, Y2 vd Y3 bang TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN CdfU - TRAO D(!)l Bang 1: Kit qua thi nghiem xdc dinh anh hUdng cua chiiu rdng 15 sdng Toe dao bam Nd(v/ph) Nilng suat m^y Do sot dich qua ba Q (kg/h) Chi phi nang luvng rieng 450T 490.9 521.4 536-2 536.6 Nr (kWh/t) 4.85 4,66 4.57 5,03 5.60 (O'o) 3.76 "^2 300 350 400 450 500 2.15 2.12 TU ket qua sd lieu bang 4, ta ve dUpc thi bieu dien mdi quan he gifla tdc dp dao bam vdi cdc hdm Y,, Y, vd Y, (binh 5) Tren dd tbj hinh ta thay, tang tdc dp dao bam, ban dau, dp sdt dich tang rat nhanh, sau tang cham dan phan Idn nguyen lieu sau di qua dao bam mot lan se di vdo bd phan ep nen chi dflpc bam nhd den mot kich cd nhat dinh tang n^ Ban dau nang suat mdy tang nhanh sau dd tang cham dan, ddi vdi hdm chi phi nang lUOng rieng N^ doan dau giam nhUng sau dd tang nhanh lUc can vd lUc ma sat gifla dao vdi nguyen lieu tang nhanh tang tdc dp n I P •' • n - - Q , Nr (kWWI) 600 6.5 -560 520 • 5 460 • • 5.0 2.0 400 450 SCO 440 4.5 40O 4.0 ^ (v/ph) Hinh 5: Do thi anh hUdng cua toe dao bam n^ den cdc hdm Y^, 1', vd 7, « a) Hinh 6: a) Lien hdp mdy; b) Bd diia sau ep • "1 * ^ T TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM ; Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOI KET LUAN 5H-25mm vd chieu rdng Id sdng a = 0,4^ 1,2mm Ket qua nghien cUu thUc nghiem da xac Trong khoang nghien cUu cua cac yeu td dinh mUc dp anh hUdng cua tUng yeu td den chat anh hUdng, cac chi tieu ve chat lUpng san pham, lUpng san pham, nang suat may vd chi phi dien nang suat may vd chi phi dien nang rieng cd the nang rieng, ddng thdi cflng xdc dinh dflpc khoang dap Ung dflpc nhflng yeu cau cdng nghe cP ban nghien cflu thich hop cho cua cac yeu td lam co cua qua trinh ep nhU: ty le sdt dich bao ba sd cho nghien cUu thiic nghiem da yeu td nhU: 2,08^3,87%, nang suat may 0,305^0,5]4tan/h va tdc dp dao bam n^ = 300H-500vg/ph, tdc dp vit chi phi nang lUpng rieng 3,84^5,08kWh/tan • xoan n^ = 100H-300vg/ph; klie bd cfla thoat ba s = Tai lieu tham khao: [1] Xokolov AIA (1996), Co sd thiet ke may thUc pham, (Tai lieu dich), NXB Khoa hpc Ky thuat Ha Ndi [2] Vegetexco (1998), "Some information on the export of fresh and producessed horticultural products in Vietnam", Workshop Commercialisation of tropical fruits in South Vietnam, SOFRI, 1213/6/1998 [3] Nguyen Man (1998), "Some ideas on the export market of fresh and producessed fruits in the South Vietnam", Workshop Commercialisation of tropical fruits in South Vietnam, SOFRI, 1213/6/1998 [4] Pham W n Lang Bach Quoc Khang (1998) Co sd ly thuyet quy hoach thUc nghiem vd flng dung ky thuat ndng nghiep NXB Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011)