NGHIEN CtfU-TRAODOl ^(JtiC DUNd QUY HOACH THl/C N C H I E M TRONG NGHIEN CC/U LIEN HdP M A Y BAM EP NLTdC DU'A BE - 0 ThS Tran Dinh Hung, PGS.TS Tran Nhu Khuyen, KS Tr4n Nhir Kh^nh Trudng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi ABSTRACT Complex machines are being chopped pineapple juice applied research to extract pineapple juice and other fruits have the same physical properties This device is better than compared to other machines as devices have simple structure, made of two raw minced and pressed simultaneously on the same machine it saves labor, reduces dynamic power actuator forces and create conditions favorable for automated production lines Results of experimental studies have identified factors that optimal value of the factors in: the rotational speed of screw torque n = 246 rev I min, outlet openings residue s = 16.1 mm, width a = 1.40 mm hole screen and the output parameters: the percentage of errors in three juice d = 2.16%, may yield Q = 535.3 kg/h and power costs separately Nr = 4, 06 kWh/t Research results on the basis of importance to improve the design and fabrication of the device size chopped pineapple juice yield different suit the size of the production facilities DAT VAN DE Lien hpp may bam ep nfldc dfla Id thiet bi chinh day chuyen che bien nfldc dfla cd dac Loai thiet bi ndy cd flu diem hon han so vdi cac loai may khac Id thiet bi cd cau tao don gian, thflc hien hai nguyen cdng bam vd ep ddng thdi tren cung mot may nen da tiet kiem TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • dflpc lao ddng, giam dflpc ngudn ddng Iflc va CO cau truyen ddng, tao dieu kien thuan loi cho viec tfl dpng hda day chuyen san xuat De nang cao nang suat vd chat IflOng san pham can phai tim cac thdng sd tdi flu lam co sd de hoan thien thiet ke va che tao cac cd may say cd cdng suat khac phu hgfp vdi qui md cua cac cO sd sdn xuat Sd 12 (Thdng 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu-TRAO DOI VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUXJ Md hinh toan cac ham Yj (j=l-3) dflpc bieu dien bang phflOng trinh bdi qui: Vat lieu nghien cflu m=l Yj = b^+ Z ^ i ^ i + Z Z b , , ^ i ^ j + Z ^ ^ i Vat lieu thi nghiem la dfla qua dflpc trdng tai Ddng Giao (Ninh Binh) Qua dfla cd dfldng kinh trung binh 10 H- 12 cm, chieu dai trung binh 12 ^ 14 cm, khdi Iflpng trung binh 600 ^ 800g Lfla chpn nhflng qua dfla cd kich tbfldc tflPng ddi ddng deu, cd cung dp chin vd klidng bi bam dap sau benh Tien hdnh cat bd cbdi, rfla bang nfldc sach sau dd gpt vd, bd 1dm den 12 vd dfla vdo may bam ep Sau ep lay mau phan tich de xac dinh dp sdt dich qua theo ba PhflOng phap nghien cflu Ap dung phflOng phap nghien cflu thflc nghiem da yeu td [4] de nghien cflu anh hfldng ddng thdi cua yeu td: tdc dp quay cua vit xoan nv (v/ ph), khe hd cfla thoat ba s(mm), chieu rdng Id sdng a (mm) den ty le dich bao sdt ba 6(%), nang suat may Q(tan/h) vd chi phi dien nang rieng N^ (kWh/tan) [1] (2) Cac he sd hdi qui cua phflOng trinh (4) dflpc tinh theo cac cdng thflc: [4] b=a,lY.-a_,XIx;Y 11 = i=l (3) 11 = b; = a, X^uY,, (3) u=l b = a,Z^uY„Xj IN (4) IN in IN (5) u=l u=l i=l u=l Ma tran thi nghiem dflPc xay dflng theo , , , - , , , ^_ , •., ^1 ^ u•* u- ' D Vdi sd yeu td vao m=3 vd sd thi nghiem phflOng an qui hoach thflc nghiem bac cua Box, ; + -, , r-i A' ^^ ^1 ^ * ^ ^' N=20,cachesoaj dflOctinhnhflsau: a,= 0,16627; Wilson voi so IflOng thi nghiem dflOc tinh ; i , , ^, ', • ^ ^ • • a = 0,07322; a =0,125; a =0,0625; a =0,05676; theo cong thflc: ' Do cac ' 3ham' Y 'cd4cflc ' tri flng ' 5vdi 'cdc gid N = 2"^ + N„ + N (1) ^ a = 0,00678 tri cua cac yeu td vdo xi khac nhau, vi vay can Trong dd: phai tim gia tri cfla cdc yeu td vdo xi chung cho tat ca cac thdng sd Y Ap dung phflOng phap tdi 2'"' sd thi nghiem d mflc tren va dfldi: flu tong quat theo phflOng phap lap "hdm mong m- sd yeu td anh hfldng; mudn" cua E.C Harrington, gdm cac bflde sau: N^ sd thi nghiem d mflc phu gpi Id cdc [2],[3] diem "sao", =2m N - sd thi nghiem d mflc trung tam Lap "hdm mong mudn" thdnh phan d theo cdng thflc: Vdi sd yeu td vdo m = thi tong sd thi nghiem Id 20 thi nghiem, bao gdm: thi nghiem d mflc tren vd dfldi, thi nghiem d mflc "sao" vd thi nghiem d mflc ca sd TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM d =exp[-exp(- T ) ] (6) Y -Y Y'_ j Y;jo • jmin(max) , Y jminCmax) Sdl2 (Thang 12 nam 2011) (7) NGHIEN cufu-TRAO D I Y ham phan, (j= n-p; p la sd Iflpng rieng dflpc xdc dinh bang ddng hd bam day, ddng ham thdnh phan) hd cdng to di?n thdng dung: Y.niii nnx" ^^'^ ''"' ^'^' ughicni xiiii nhiit cua ham cac Yj thflc: Y eia tri tdt nhat hay "mong mudn , V' ' 'i^ V ' nhat cua ham i , , , , , , k- he so Uu tien cho nhflng ham (hay nhflng chi tieu quan trpng), k = ^ i - Nang sudt mdy dflpc xac dinh theo cdng ^ 10 q ^ , , Q = — ^ (tan/h) 10) x Mflc tieu thu dien nang tinh theo cdng • • ^ o 10' a N = — - ^ (kWh/tan) ^ 600.q Lap ham tdi flu tong quat D theo cdng thflc: D=i;Dd, VI1 (H) (8) Trong do: T., , ^ •' • - * ' • * " ' T-> q- khdi luong vat lieu cua me thi nghiem (kg) Tmh toan gia tri ham toi flu tong quat D ^ & tj v &/ , ' u ' ^ - XT-" ' A- u T-thot gian ep (h) cho tung thi nghiem cua ma tran Viec xac dmh ' ° ^^ ' _ u' utoan, * ' kiem •" tra^ mflcVy nghia ' 1-cua'•'cac' heu'" so "• ^' a - sd vdng b ^ quay J tren dTa cdng & toV (600 vong & = mo^ hinh hdi qui, kiem tra tinh thich flng vd xac dinh gid tri •< '' tdi flu cua bdm tdi flu tong qudt D tflong tfl nhfl • , , , ddi vdi cdc hdm Y KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Cac thdng sd nghien cflu dflOc xac dinh , nhfl sauT\ex\ hanh thi nghiem say vai qua theo phuong an quy hoach thirc nghiem bac BoxTly ,%leu dich ^-.-v,bao k> > sot'*trong u~dflpc A ^^ xac' Willson vdi 20 thi nghiem ba ° • dinh theo phflong phap qui dinh dfla tren co sd , , xac dinh hdm IflOng chat khd cua ba ban dau vd ^^"^ ^^^" ^^'^"' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^'^"^ *^^" ^" P " ham Iflong chat khd cfla ba dd sau da tach bet ^'' "^^ ^""^ '^"^ ""^^ ^^^ y^" ^^ ^^^S D dupe lua Iflpng dich qud Viec xdc dinh hdm Iflpng chat khd '^^^^ /^^° ^^^ ^"^ "8*^^^" ^ ' ^ ^^^^ ^^hiem don d\iac thflc hien tren thiet bi thi nghiem chuyen y^" ^^ [Ij dung Ty le dich bdo cdn sdt bd dflOc tinh , , , , , - ^u o Bans Mire bien thien vd eid tri ma hoa cua cac veu theo cong thflc: * , toz*x 5=^' ^M00% (9) qi q, khdi IflOng chat khd cua mau ba sau ep, g; q^- khdi IflOng chat khd cua mau ba sau da tach hodn todn dich qud, g; Nang suat may vd chi phi nang Iflpng g TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • Cdc ttiik biln thien Miic dudi Muc duai Muc ca so Mijrc tren Mjc tien Khoang thienEje Khoangbien bienthien Gid trj mi hoi Cac Y^u td anh hirong Xl X2 X3 11.6 0.73 -1.68 -1.00 0.00 1.00 1.68 116 150 200 250 284 10 15 20 1.0 1-4 1.8 23.4 2.07 : 1.00 50 0.4 \ Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D(!)l Ma tran vd ket qua thi nghiem dflpc ghi bang Bang 2: Ma trdn vd ket qud thi nghiem hdm ep niidc dda STT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Cac yeu to anh hiroUg Cac ham phan Yj XI X: X} Yl Y; Y3 456.5 27 4.89 1.00 1.00 2.14 2.70 2.47 501.9 -1.00 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 2.31 1.00 -LOO -1.00 -1.00 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 1.00 -1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 -L68 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 1.00 493.8 530.2 470.2 2.64 2.40 2.97 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.68 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.10 2.40 3.50 2.12 3.48 2.20 2.12 2.06 27 29 ono" 0.00 0.00 2.10 5.04 4.66 4.69 4.13 5.86 4.32 5.97 4.30 52 4.60 514.7 510.6 542.0 463.8 532.4 474.6 527.2 491.7 516.2 519.4 522.6 517.7 2.73 3.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.68 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.93 4.55 521.8 520.5 4.18 4.24 4.28 4.15 4.07 521.4 4.21 Ket qua tinh toan da xac dinh dflpc dflpc md hinh todn cua cac ham phan Y (sau da loai bd nhflng he sd hdi quy vd nghia) nhfl sau: YJ = 2.1892761 0.2577978x, 0.2365736x2 + 0.2495310x3 + 0.1710338x^2 ^ 0.1940639x,2 + 0.1409176x3^ (13) Y^ = 520.4752586 + 20.00381 lOx^ + l6.2A56Q27x^+ 7.0547022x3 7.3806704x^2 - 6.3886069x,2 (14) 5.3079663X, Y = 4.2010953 + 0.3142003x, + 0.3199461x, -1- 0.1953565x, -I- 20.2385665x2 + 0.2545104x2 + J i (15) 0.2279372X32 Ket qua xdc dinh gia tri tdi flu cua cdc yeu td vdo x vd cac hdm thdnh phan Y dflpc ghi bdng TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM V Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D(!)l Bang 3: did tri tdi ifu cua cdc yen id vdo xi vd cdc hdm thdnh phdn Y Y2(kg/h) Y3(kWh/t) 0.7,';364586 -0.60952525 -0.88537899 1.16431384 1.01972042 0,66453909 0.65851722 0.62855212 0.42853129 237.68 11.9 1.05 258.21569196 20.09860208 1.66581564 232.92586120 18.14276062 1.57141251 1.90956848 542.74766466 3.95523263 Yi(%) Cac yeu to vdo - Gia tri md hoa: X i Ciia trj th\rc: n (\' pii) s (mm) a (mm) Cac thong s6 Can cfl vao sd lieu thi nghiem bdng 2, ta chpn cdc thdng so tinh toan hdm tdi flu tong quat D nhfl sau: Hdm Y, : ^', = 3,67 "(.; Y,„ = 1,5 % I max Hdm Y,: Y, Hdm Y • Y, 10 = 463,8 kg/h; Y,„ = 600 kg/h = 5,97kWh/t; Y,„ = 4,0 kWh/t Ket qua tinh todn gid tri hdm tdi flu tong quat D dflpc ghi bang Bdng Ket qud tinh todn gid tri hdm toi Uu tong qudt D Ham "mong mudn" phan dj XI X: XJ di d: di Ham toi iru tong quitD -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 0.86 0.31 0.71 0,573 T 1.00 -1.00 1.00 -1.00 1.00 -1.00 1.00 -1.68 1.68 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 1.00 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 -1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.89 0.77 0,83 0,79 0.84 0.65 0,60 0,79 42 0,72 0.780 0.721 0.836 0.637 0.68 0,76 0,37 0,70 0.84 0.37 0,82 0,81 0,89 0,78 0.87 0.87 0,89 0,84 0,45 0.89 0.46 0.88 0.80 0,45 0.78 0.58 0.73 STT 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Cac yeu to anh hiroUg 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0X0 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 -1.68 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 -1.68 1.68 0,00 0.00 0.89 0.75 0.76 0.00 q.oo 0.89 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.76 0.86 0.75 ' 0.89 0.75 0.00 0.00 " TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • 0,94 0,43 0,92 0,37 0,92 0,60 0.88 0,94 0.93 0^93 0.94 0.95 0.93 0.809 0.746 0.843 0.387 0,871 0,520 0.689 0.679 0.668 0.849 0.857 0.849 0.851 0.849 0.857 S d l (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO D(!)l Ket qua tinh todn tren may vi tinh da xdc dinh dflpc md hinh toan cua hdm tdi flu tong qudt D nhfl sau: Gid tri tdi flu cua cdc yeu td vdo: Gia tri ma boa Gid tri thflc D = 0.8684975 0.1157847x1 + 0.0107273x, 0.0492715X3 0.0138230x,x2 0.0275394 x,X3 0.0975549x^2 " 0.0304643x^X3 0.1018165x, 0.0719254X32 (16) x,*= 0.9210720 x*= 0.2180614 X *= 0.0020166 n = 246 v/ph s = 16.1 mm a = 1.40 mm Gia tri tdi flu cua cac thdng sd ra: Tren co sd md hinh toan hdm tdi flu tong qudt D da dflpc xac dinh d tren ta cd the xac dinh cdc thdng sd tdi flu tong quat cfla thiet bi say bang each lay dao hdm rieng ddi vdi mdi yeu td xi vd cho triet tieu ta dflpc mot he phflong trinh tuye'n tinb Gidi he phflong trinh ndy ta dflpc gid tri tdi flu chung cua cdc yeu td vao xi cho tat ca cdc thdng sd Y Thay cac gia tri xi vdo cac hdm thdnh phan Y (j = 1^3) theo cac cdng thflc (10 -^12) ta xac dinh dflpc gia tri tdi flu tong qudt cua thdng sd Y Ket qud tinb toan tren may vi tinh da xac dinh dflOc: = 2.16% Q = 535.3 kg/h N = 4.06 kWh/t I' Tren cO sd cac thdng sd tdi flu da tim dflpc chung tdi tien hdnh thi nghiem lap lai d che dp tdi flu cua cac yeu td vdo: Tdc dp vit xoan n = 246v/ph, khe hd cfla thodt ba s = 16.1mm, chieu rdng Id sang a = 1.4mm Ket qua thi nghiem xac dinh cac chi tieu kinh te ky thuat cua lien hpp may bam - ep dfla dflpc ghi bang Bdng 5: Kit qud thi nghiem vdi cdc thong so toi Uu Toe nt xoan n Khe ho' cira thoat ba F Chieu rong Id sang a Do sot dich qua theoba Nang suat mav TNI 246 16.1 1.40 2.07 Q" 570.5 TN2 246 16.1 1.40 2.31 521.2 4.25 TN3 246 16.1 1.40 2.21 552.7 4.17 2.18 539.1 4.03 Thi nghiem Gia tri trung binh Bang cho thay sai sd gifla tinh todn vd thflc nghiem ddi vdi hdm dp sdt dich bd Yjld 1.70% nang suat may Y^ Id 2.40% vd chi phi nang IflOng rieng Y3 Id 2.05 % deu nhd hon 3% Nhfl vay cac sd lieu tinh toan d che dp tdi flu dam bao dp tin cay Chi phi nang liroug rieng Nr 4.01 sdng a = 1.40 mm vd cac thdng sd ra: ty le dich bdo sdt theo ba = 2.16 %, nang suat may Q = 535.3 kg/h vd chi phi dien nang rieng Nr = 4.06 kWh/t So vdi cdc thiet bi ep dich qua khdc, lien KET LUAN hpp may bam ep nfldc dfla BE-500 cd flu diem Id chi phi nang IflOng thap, hieu sua't thu hdi Ket qua nghien cflu thflc nghiem da yeu td da xac dinh d\iac gid tri tdi flu cua cac yeu td vdo: tdc dp quay cua vit xoan n = 246 v/ph, khe hd cfla thoat ba s = 16.1 mm, chieu rdng Id dich qua cao, pham vi dp dung rdng (cd the dung de ep nfldc qua tao, le vd nhflng loai qud cd tinh chat tflOng tfl ) TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D(!)l Diem dac biet la tien hdnh lien tuc khau bam va ep tren cung mot may nen da giam dflgfc ngudn ddng luc vd ca cau truyen dpng, tao di^u kien thuan Ipi cho viec tfl ddng boa day chuyen sdn xuat Ket qua nghien cflu tren da md mpt trien vpng mdi vice flng dung lien hc^p may bam ep nfldc dfla day chuyen sdn xuat nfldc dfla cd dac d nfldc ta hi^n K^t qud nghien cflu tren la cd sd quan trpng di hodn thi|n thi^t k^ vd ch^ tao cdc cd thiet bi bam ep nfldc dfla cd nang suat khac phu hgfp vdi qui md cua cac cd sd san xu^t • Tai lieu tham khao: [1] Tran Dinh Hflng Tran Nhfl Khuyen Tran Nhfl Khanh (2011) Nghien cflu thia k^ thiet lien hpp mdy bam ep nfldc dfla Tap chi Co Viet Nam, sd 12/2011 [2] Le Cdng Huynh Tran Nhfl Khuyen (1995) Tdi flu tong qudt nghien cflu thflc nghiem mdy vd flng dung vdo mdy ddnh bdng hat ndng san Thdng bdo khoa hpc cua cac trfldng Dai hpc [3] Tran Nhfl Khuyen (1997) Nghien cflu mot sd thdng sd ve cau tao va che dp lam viec cua may danh bdng bat ndng san Luan dn PTS KHKT Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi [4] Pham Van Lang Bach Quoc Khang (1998) Co sd ly thuyet quy hoach thflc nghiem va flng dung ky thuat ndng nghiep, NXB Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi [5] Pham Van Lang Bach Quoc Khang (1998) Co sd ly thuyet quy hoach thflc nghiem va flng dung ky thuat ndng nghiep, NXB Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • S6 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) ... dinh , nhfl sauT\ex\ hanh thi nghiem say vai qua theo phuong an quy hoach thirc nghiem bac BoxTly ,%leu dich ^-.-v,bao k> > sot'' *trong u~dflpc A ^^ xac'' Willson vdi 20 thi nghiem ba ° • dinh theo... Nr = 4.06 kWh/t So vdi cdc thiet bi ep dich qua khdc, lien KET LUAN hpp may bam ep nfldc dfla BE- 500 cd flu diem Id chi phi nang IflOng thap, hieu sua''t thu hdi Ket qua nghien cflu thflc nghiem... Khang (1998) Co sd ly thuyet quy hoach thflc nghiem va flng dung ky thuat ndng nghiep, NXB Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi [5] Pham Van Lang Bach Quoc Khang (1998) Co sd ly thuyet quy hoach thflc nghiem va flng