TAP (Hi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE CAC TRUING D̂ l HQC KV THUAT • S6 92 2013 TOI VV HOA QUA TRINH XU LY SO2 TRONG KHI THAI PHAT SINH TU LO DOT CHAT THAI RAN NGUY HAi BANG PHU^OfNG PHAP QUY HOACH THirC NGHIE[.]
TAP (Hi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE CAC TRUING D^l HQC KV THUAT • S6 92 - 2013 TOI VV HOA QUA TRINH XU LY SO2 TRONG KHI THAI PHAT SINH TU LO DOT CHAT THAI RAN NGUY HAi BANG PHU^OfNG PHAP QUY HOACH THirC NGHIEM OPIIMI/INOTHETRI A I MENT PROCESS FOR SO3 IN THE WASTE GAS FROM INCINERATORS BY EXPERIMENTAL PLANNING METHOD Pham Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen Bin Trif&ng Dai hoc Kinh It' - Ky thudt Cdng nghiep Trmmg Dgt hpc Bdch khoa Hd Ndi Den da soan 13-10-2012, chap nhan dang 27-12-2012 TOM TAT Xu' ly that phit smh tir Id dSt chit thii rin nguy h^i hien li vin de can thiit di dip ung ttiu chuin vi thit mdi trudng dd S02 li thit cd ndng dp eao nhit thai phat smh tu' 16 dot Trong pham vi bit bio nay, di/a vio ket qui thi/c nghi$m vi bing phuung phip quy hoach thpc nghiem da dua him toin thdng ke md ta mSi quan h$ gli/a hi$u suit xir ly vi cie thong s6 inh hudng tu' xac dmh du'cc thong so tot wu eua qui tnnh Til' khoa thai, SO2, cyclon ABSTRACT The treatment process for exhaust emission from noxious solid waste incinerators is a matter of necessity to meet the environmental emissions standards S02 makes up the highest composition in the exhaust emission from incinerators Within the scope, based on the expenmental results and expenmental planning method,a statistical model was calculated, that desenbing the relation between treatment efficiency and process parameters From the model, a optimal process parameters will be proposed I.MODAU Thieu ddt la phuong phap xir I\' rac thai ngu\ hai dugc ap dung rdng rai nhat hien na}' Tai cac nudc lien lien Id ddt rac thai ngu)' hai ludn dl ddng bd vdi he thdng xu ly thai Ddt chat thai la qua Irinh dx\' hoa chat thai bang d\)' ciia khdng d nhiet cao, pha huy cac hgp chat, phirc chat nguj' hai cac chat khong hoac It ddc hai cho mdi trudng Tu)' nhien ddt bat cir chat thai nguy hai nao Ihi khdi tao cung cd kha nang gay d nhiem indi irudng ca vdi nhung Id dot ilicn dai nhai Vi vay can phai cd nhung phuong phap de xir ly Iugng thai phat sinh tii' cac Id ddt chat thai ran dc dam bao chat lugng mdi irudng khdng khi, Tren CO sd ly thuyet va khao sat thuc t^ ve cdng nghe xir ly rac thai nguy hai tai Viet Nam chiing tdi da lua chgn he thdng cdng nghe ddt va xir Iy thai phii hgp vdi yeu cau thyc tien, xay dung mo hinh thi nghiem lya chon cong nghe thich hgp xu ly phat sinh tir Id ddt Viec dua ham loan thdng kc md ta mdi quan he giua hieu suat xii ly va cac thong sd anh hudng thdng qua ket qua thuc nghiem lacu sd cho viec danh gia chinh xac muc anh huong ciia cac thdng sd tdi qua trinh xu Iy SO2 tren he thdng xu I\' phat smh tir Id ddt vdi thiet bj hap thy la Venturi va chat hap thu Ca(OH): Trong pham vi ciia bai bao, anh hudng c:ic thdng sd nhu' ndng dd chat hap thu, iiru lugng Idng tudi va luu lugng vao thiet bi Venturi dugc tap trung nahien ciru qua xac dinh thdng sd Idi uu nham dam bao hieu suat xir ly thai tdt nhat va dat cac tieu chuan cho phep ve thai hien hanh tai Viet Nam HE THONG THI NGHIEM Hi?n tai Viet Nam thi Id dot hai buong loai tmh da dugc che tao va su dung rdng rai dot chat thai ran nguy hai Vdi viec xii ly sau Id dot thi hap thy la mdt phuang phap bien He thong thi nghiem de nghien cuu xir ly phat sinh tir Id ddt chat thai nguy hai gom phan chinh: Ld dot tmh loai hai budng dot He thdng xir ly thai phat sinh (thiet bj xil' ly khi, bcrm, quat ) Ong khdi T^P CHi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHf CAC TRUOING DAE HOC K\ THUAT • SO 92 - 2013 Hinh I Sa he thdng cong nghe dot va xir ly thai 7- Bam cap chat hap thu 1- Lo d6t tmh hai buong dot 12-Thiet bi tach mil 8- Ddng hd luu lugng Idng 13- Cira lay mau vao 2- Ong thoat khoi 16 9- Van tuan hoan 3-Thi^t bi trao d6i nhiet 14- Cira lay mau 4-Thigtbitach bui kho 10-Thiel bi hap thu Venturi 15- Quat hiit 16-Van xa day 5- Thiet bi chua hoa chat hap tht 11 - Thimg chiia trung gian 6- Van dieu chinh luu lupng 100 i ! 95 -j - » - x =5,x3=50G0 x1 = 10,x3=2000 55 SI ^ - " / 1»= ^ yi = 613in(x) + 76.04 R' = 0,933 ••/ l-so / »= V2 M 294ln(x) + 79 07 R' = 9a6 / 75 • 10 12 vl S S J S n ; i S5 79 '•-'ji'l / 14 Liru Ivorng tudi (m3/h ) \iiU£i1o('j((ltli:i*tkhDili/crne) Kinh Anh huang cita liru hrang tuai tat hieu Hinh Anh huang cua ndng dung dich Ca(0H)2 tdl hieu sudl xir ly sitdl xir ly khd tbiSt bi sii' dung he thdng day chuyen So he thdng cdng nghe cd bd tri cac cdng nghe la cyclon chiim 64 dan vi, tai thiet bi Ihiet hi the hien dhinh I, bui qua trinh chay lao se dugc tach bd Trong 16 ddt, chat thai ran duoc dua vao hlu h^t, Sau tach bui, tiep tuc dugc bong so cap, mdt phan chat thai bi chay va dugc dua sang Ihi^ bi hap thu SOi kieu cliuyen sang dang khi, phan cdn lai tiep tuc Venturi, SOi dugc hap thu bang dung dich sCra chay cho tdi phan buy hoan toan tro vdi, djch sau hap thu dugc lgc trudc ve be Tro Id dugc tao tir cac chat vd co, xi va tuan hoan, D^ dam bao cho qua trinh hoat ddng cac chat khong chay khac se rai xudng khay Ibu dugc lien luc luang sira vdi can diroc cung cap tro dat phan dudi ciia Id ddt Buong ddt dfiu dan, Khi sach trudc thai ngoai mdi thli cap dugc sir dung de tieu huy hoan loan cac trudng qua ong khdi se dugc dua qua thiet bi hup chat hifu co thoat tir budng so cap tach gigt nhiim lach not cac hat Idng phat sinh qua trinh tiep xuc vdi pha Idng d van tdc Khi thai phat sinh tii Id dot dugc dan qua cao ciia ddng khi, Ddng luc ciia qua trinh tang thiet bj trao ddi nhiet gian tiep kieu dng chiim nhd quat hiit ly tam de lam mat vol tac nhan trao ddi nhiet la nudc, Sau thai dugc dua qua thiet bi tach bin TAP CHi KHOA HQC & C N G N G H $ CAC TRlT^NG DAI HQC K* THU^T * S 92 - 2013 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Cac thdng s6 anh hudng tdi hieu suat xir Iy SO; gdm: nhiet dg thai, lo?i chat hap thu, km Iugng ludi, nong khi, luu lugng vao thiet bj Tuy nhien pham vi nghien cuu chi xet ba yeu td chinh la: nong dg chat hap thy (dung djch Ca(0H)2: 2%- 10%), luu lugng vao Qk (1000-5000inVh), luu lugng ldng tudi Qi(l-12mVh) Ket qua tir hinh cho thay dieu ki?n ndng dg Ca(0H)2, luu lugng Qk lan lugt la 5%, 5000mVh vii 10%, 2000mVh thi hieu suat xu ly t5ng lugng tudi tang khoang tir 3-10 mVh Chgn khoang quy hoach luu lugng tudi QI tir 3-1 Om /h Ket qua tir hinh cho lhay dieu kien luu lugng Qk, luu Iugng tudi QI Ian lugt la 7mVh, SOOOmVh va lOmVh, SOOOmVh thi hieu suat xii ly tang cao ndng dg dung djch Ca(0H)2 khoang 3-7% Chgn khoang quy hoach ndng dung dich Ca(0H)2 tir 3-7%, Ket qua tir hinh cho thay dieu kien nong Ca(0H)2, luu Iugng tudi Qk Ian luot la 5%, 7m-/h; 5%, lOmVh va 10%, 7m^/h thi hieu suat xu ly tang tang luu lugng vao thia bi xit ly tir 2000-5000 m^/h Chgn khoang quy hoach luu lugng Qk tir 20005000 mVh + Nong dg dung djch Z, = 0,03 - 0,07 (phan khoi lugng) + Ltru iugng tudi Z2= - (m^/h) + Liru lugng Z,= 2000 - 5000 (mVh) Md hinh thdng ke cd dang: y = b,, +6,;C| +6;J:J +byXy +b^^x^x^ •^^[3^\^i (1) + b^,x.^x, +b^^xf +AjjX3 +bjjxl +^123^1^2^3 y : hieu suat xu ly, phan trSm Xj: bien ma hoa ndng dung dich x^: bien ma hoa luu lugng tuai xi: bien ma hoa luru lugng Bt xac dinh cac tham so cua (1) ta phai tien hanh thi nghi?m theo ke hoach thyc nghiem tryc giao bac hai ciia Box - Wilson Ke hoach va cac ket cho d bang xl=5.x2=7 xl=5.x2=10 xl=10,x2=7 94 _92 S.90 •"I 88 I 86 yl = 792ln(x) + 67 28 R' = 833 y2 = 558ln{x) + 67 65 I 84 R' = 913 82 80 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Liru lugrng ni3/h De xac dinh cac thdng sd tdi uu cua qua trinh su dung phuang phap quy hoach thuc nghiem nghien ciiru anh hudng ddng thdi cac yeu td: Hinh Anh hu&ng cua liru luang vdo ldi hieu sudl xir ly Bdng Ma trdn ke hogch thirc nghiem vd cdc kel qud Z| 10 11 12 13 14 I'; 0,03 (1,07 0,03 0,07 0.03 0.07 0,03 0,07 0,0257 0,0743 05 1)05 05 0? (If " Bien ma Z2 Z3 ^0 3 10 10 3 10 10 6,5 65 247=; 10,7525 6,5 U^ 6^ 2000 2000 2000 2000 5000 5000 5000 5000 3500 3500 3500 3';(i() 1677 5322,^ 3S()0 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 Xl -1 -1 -1 -t -1 215 1,215 0 0 X2 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 0 -1 215 1,215 0 Xj -1 -1 -1 -1 1 ! 0 0 -1,215 1.215 Xl' 0,27 0,27 0,27 0.27 0,27 0,27 0,27 0,27 0.746 0.746 -0.73 -0.73 -0,73 -0,73 -0,73 X2' 0,27 0,27 0,27 0,27 0,27 0.27 0,27 0,27 -0.73 -0.73 0,746 0,746 -0,73 -0,73 -0.73 X3' 0,27 0,27 0,27 0,27 0.27 0.27 0,27 0.27 -0,73 -0,73 -0.73 -0.73 0.476 0,476 -0.73 y 86,90 82,14 85,43 Sg,lE 80,15 85,06 78.69 91,N 85.97 90.56 87.4 90,1 SS.4 86,27 91,2 TJS? CHi KHOA HOC & CONG NGH$ CAC TRlTdNG DAI HOC KV THUAT • S6 92 - 2013 De xac dinh S n ta phai tien hiinh cac thi nghiem lap d tam ke hoach, ket qua cho d bang Bdng Cdc thi nghiem d tdm ke hogch a Z| z; 0,05 6,5 0,05 6,5 0,05 6,5 0,05 6,5 Sir dung phan mem Design lieu ta dugc phuang trinh: Ham muc Z) tieu 3500 91,88 3500 91,38 3500 91,55 3500 91,06 Expert 8.0 nhap so y = +91,42 + l,91xi + 1,14x2 - 0,96x.i + l,88x,X2 + 2,42xix, 0,l3x2X, 2,l4xi^ 1,81x2= -2,77x32 + 0,18x1X2X3(2) Bien thyc y = +72,36189+ 213,07486Z| + 1,29945Z2 +4,67059E-003Z, + 20,65476Z|Z2 +0,069l3IZ|Z,i 1,I3333E-004Z2Z, 5337,9l8102i2 0,14748Z22 l,22896E OO6Z32 + |,76190E-003Z,Z2Z3 (3) Nhir vay tir phuang trinh (2) va (3) nhan thay: • Hieu suat xii ly SOi phu thudc phi tuyen vao cac yeu td ndng dung dich hap thu Ca(0H)2, luu lugng va luu lugng ldng tudi vao thiet bi hap thu Venturi - Hieu suat xu Iy SO2 cd diem toi uu la diem circ dai tuang ung vdi cac thdng sd dugc xac dinh nhd giai phuang trinh theo phan mem Design-Expert 8.0 Ket qua giai cu the vdi phan mem Design Expert 8.0 ta cd d diem tdi uu: Z| Zj Z3 y 0,07 9,88 4461,58 92,217 Z| - ndng dung djch Ca(OH)2: 7% Z2-luu Iugng tudi: 9,88 mVh Z3- luu lugng khi: 4461,58 mVh Hieu suat xd ly dat 92,217% KET LUAN Tir cac ket qua thyc nghiem va bang phuong phap quy hoach thyc nghiem nhdm nghien ciru da tim ham toan thdng ke md ta quan he giua hieu suat hap thu va cac thdng so anh hudng: ndng dp dung djch Ca(0H)2, luu lugng tudi, luu lugng Day la ham phi tuyen va cd cue dai vdi diem tdi uu la: ndng Ca(0H)3: 7%; luu lugng tudi: 9,88 mVh; luu lugng khi: 4461,58 m /h dd hieu suat xii ly SO2 dat 92,217% TAP CHi KHOA HOC & (ONG NGHf CAC TRUdNG DAI HQC KY THUAT • S6 92 - 2013 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1, C;ic biio cao quan ly cluil thai nguy hai, bao cao giam sat mdi trudng djnh ky ve tieu hiiy chat thai iigii\ hai (2009) I'ham Thi Thu Hoai Nghien ciru \u ly tir Id ddt chat thai ran Benh vien Luan van Thac sT (2005) Cicrald II Newton.John Kramlich, Roy Payne, Modeling the SO: - slurry droplet reaction, Aiche Journal Vol.6 No 12.1990,1865 - 1872 lidcrahu Yagi, Koyosukc Okamott), Keiji Naka and Haruo Hikita Chemical absorption of CO2 and SO: inloCa(Oll), slurry, chem Hng.Commun Vol 26.1984,1 - , Nguyen Minh Tuyen, Pham Van Thicni, Ky thuat he thdng cdng ngh? hda hgc, tap I: Co sd md hinh hda qua trinh cdng nghe hda hgc, NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Ha Ngi (2005) Diu chi lien he- Pham Thi Thu Hoai - T e l ' 0947 485,555, Email" ptthoai^/ uncti-cdu,\n Trudng Dai hoc Kmh lc - Ky thuat Cdng nghiep 456, Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung Ha Ndi ... thoat tir budng so cap tach gigt nhiim lach not cac hat Idng phat sinh qua trinh tiep xuc vdi pha Idng d van tdc Khi thai phat sinh tii Id dot dugc dan qua cao ciia ddng khi, Ddng luc ciia qua... /h dd hieu suat xii ly SO2 dat 92,217% TAP CHi KHOA HOC & (ONG NGHf CAC TRUdNG DAI HQC KY THUAT • S6 92 - 2013 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1, C;ic biio cao quan ly cluil thai nguy hai, bao cao giam sat... 5000mVh vii 10%, 2000mVh thi hieu suat xu ly t5ng lugng tudi tang khoang tir 3-10 mVh Chgn khoang quy hoach luu lugng tudi QI tir 3-1 Om /h Ket qua tir hinh cho lhay dieu kien luu lugng Qk, luu