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NGHIEN cufu-TRAO D | U'NG DUNG QUY HOACH THyC NGHIEM TRONG NGHIEN CWO HE T H N G T H I E T Bj SAY MANG HAT GAG BANG PHyONG P H A P S A Y T H A N G HOA STH - 50 APPLYING EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMING METHOD IN STUDYING DRYING SYSTEM FOR MEMBRANE OF GAC FRUIT SEED BY SUBLIMATION DRYING METHOD Do Minh Chien', PGS,TS Tran Nhfl Khuyen^ 'NCS Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi Don vi cdng tdc: Trfldng Cao Dang Cdng nghiep vd Xay dflng 2Trfldng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi TOM TAT Thiet bisdy thdng hoa STH-50 dangdUdc nghien ciiu desdy mot so loai thUcphdm, dUdcphdm vd cdc che pham sinh hoc Ket qud thi nghiem say mdngdd hat gac theo phUdngphdp qui hoach thUc nghiem (phUdng dn Box -Wilson trUcgiao ddi xUng mUc) da xdc dinh dUdc cdc hdm hdi qui bieu dien mdi quan he ddng thdi cua yeu td' nhiet lanh ddng vat lieu say, nhiet khdng gian budng say vd chieu ddy Idp vat lieu say den hdm lUdng carotenoid, hdm lUdng vitamin, thdi gian say vd chi phi dien ndng rieng Ket qud nghien cUu tdi Uu tong qudt theo phUdngphdp ciia E.C Harrington dd xdc dinh dUdcgid tri tdi Uu ciia cdc yeu to vdo: nhiet lanh ddng vat lieu say T^^ = -35,04°C, nhiet ngudn nhiet bUc xq T^^ = 31,45°C vd ddy vat lieu say S =ll,81mm vdgid tri toi Uu cua cdc thdngsotoi ra: hdm lUdngcarotenoid C^ C^ = 404,39 (mg/lOOg), hdm lUdng vitamin V = 32,12(mg/100g), thdi gian say t = 11,79 (h) vd chi phi dien ndngriengN^ = 2,55(kWh/kg SPK) Ket qud nghien cUu tren Id cd sd quan dehodn thien thiet kevd che tao cdc cd thiet bi say cd ndng sudt khdc phu hdp vdi qui md cua cdc cd sd sdn xuat TU khda: Chi phi dien ndng rieng thiet bi say thdng hoa ABSTRACT Sublimation dryer STH-50 have been researched to dry some types of food, medicinal herb and biological product Experimental results for drying red membrane ofgac fruit seed following experimental programming method (five levels symmetrical orthogonal Box - Wilson method) determined recurringfuctions demonstrating simultaneous relations of three factors: freezing temperature of drying product, temperature in drying chamber and thickness of drying product layer to carotenoid content, vitamine content, drying time and specific electrical energy consumption General optimal research results following E.C Harrington method showed the optimum values of input fators include freezing temperature of drying product T,^ = -35,04''C, temperature of radiation source T = 31,45°C, thickness of drying product layer S =11,81 mm, and the optimum values of output factors include carotenoid content C^ = 404,39 (mg/lOOg), vitamine content V = 32,12(mg/100g), drying time t= 11,79 (h) and specific electrical energy consumption.N^ = 2,55(kWh/kg SPK) The research results mentioned above are important basis to complete design and manufacture dryers with different capacities accoding to scale production of enterprises Keywords: specific energy consumption CJR TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN C I / U - T R A O D O I DAT VAN DE khdng vd bdo qudn d dieu kien nhi^t dp thfldng ngdy sau dd mdi dfla phan tich [1] Thiet bi say thang hoa STH-50 dang dflpc nghien cflu de say mot sd loai thflc pham, dfl(;c pham va cac che phaiii sinh hpc Day Id he thdng thiet bi lam viec gian doan, cd binh ngflng ddng bang 1dm viec lech pha nhau, san phani say dflpc 1dm lanh ddng cflc nhanh bang phflong phap phun N, Idng va xa bang d binh ngflng- ddng bang bang nhiet cua mdi chat lanh sau may nen cua he thdng lam lanh binh ngflng- ddng bang, nhd dd da nang cao dflpc chat lupng san pham, giam thdi gian vd chi phi nang Iflpng cho qua trinh say De ndng cao chat lUpng san pham, gidm chi phi cho qua trinh say can phai tim cac thdng sd tdi flu 1dm co sd cho vice hodn thien thiet kc de che tao cac cd md)' say cd cdng suat khdc phu hpp vdi qui md cua cdc cP sd san xuat VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHlfeN CCTU 2.1 Vat lieu nghien cflu Vat lieu thi nghiem Id gac qud chin dflpc trdng d Gia Lam Hd Ndi Mdng dd cua hat cd thdnh phan chinh nhfl sau: nfldc 71,42%; protein 2,1%; lipid 7,9%; glucide 10,5%; xo 1,8%; khodng 0,7; beta caroten 59,84mg/100g; lycopen 78,43mg/100g; vitamin E 16,88mg/100g [1; 2; 4] Qua trinh say mdng dd hat gac dflpc tien hdnh nhfl sau: lfla chpn qua gac tflOi, chin dd deu khdng dap, thdi, mdc, khdng chpn qua chin nbfln, sau benh, sau dd rfla sach, de rdo nfldc, dung dao bd ddi lay hat, dfla vdo mdy chd de tdch het phan mdng dd bao quanh hat gac, sau dd dfla vdo mdy xay nhuyen de ddm bdo dp ddng deu ve thdnh phan hda hpc cung nhfl mdu sac Cho nguyen lieu bam nhuyen vdo khay, gat phang vd dfla vdo budng thang hoa Vat lieu say dflpc 1dm lanh ddng nhanh bang phflOng phdp phun NitO Idng budng thang hoa cho den dat nhiet dp lanh ddng theo yeu cau thi nghiem, sau dd tien hdnh say khd binh thang hoa cho den dp am dat 7% mdi dfla 1dm ngudi, ddng gdi chan TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • 2.2 PhflOng phdp nghien ciiu Ap dung phfldng phap qui hoach thflc nghiem da y^u td d^' nghien cflu anh hfldng ddng thdi cua y^u td vdo: nhiet dp lanh ddng vat lieu sdy T,^ X|("C), nhiet dp ngudn nhiet bflc xa T,^^, x,"C vd dp ddy vat lieu say S, x^ (mm) den cac thdng sd ra: hdm Iflpfng carotenoids C^, Yj (mg/lOOg), hdm Iflp^ng vitamin E, V^(mg/100g), thdi gian say T, Y3(h) vd chi phi dien nang rieng N,, Y, (kWh /kg spk) Cdc thdng sd nghien cflu dflOc xac dinh nhfl sau: [ 11 Thdi gian say Id khodng thdi gian thflc hien mot me dflpc tinh tfl thdi diem bat dau say cho den san pham say dat dp am 8% va dflpc xdc dinh bang ddng hd thdi gian Dp am cua san pham say dflOc xac dinh bang mdy Data Holp MC-7805 (Trung Quoc), sai sd ±0,1% Day Id loai thiet bi hien dai, cd dau cdm bien nhiet dp vd dp am dxiOc cam sau vdo khdi vat lieu can vd nhiet dp vd dp am cua vat lieu budng say dflpc hien thi sd len mdn hinh cua thiet bi dat d ngodi budng say Nhiet dp vd dp am mdi trfldng khdng gian budng say xdc dinh bang thiet hi dien tfl hien sd ma hieu FOX-301A (Han Quoc) Ham carotenoid vd ham IflOng vitamin E dflOc xdc dinh bang bang may sac ky long hieu nang cao, ma hieu RID-lOA va SPD-HIOAVP (Nhat Ban), - Chi phi dien nang rieng N^ (kWh/kg spk) dflpc xac dinh bang ddng hd cdng to Ma tran thi nghiem dxiac xay dflng theo phflong an qui hoach thflc nghiem bac cua Box-Wilson Sd IflOng thi nghiem theo phflong dn ndy dflOc tinh theo cdng thflc: Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D | N = 2'" -I- N„ + No X - X : (1) (2) X l = - Trong dd: x,.-x 2""- sd thi nghiem d mflc tren vd dfldi: m- sd yeu td anh hfldng; N„ (3) sd thi nghiem d mflc phu gpi Id cdc diem sao" N =2m ' « N„- sd thi nghiem d mflc trung tam Vdi sd yeu td vdo m - thi tong sd thi nghiem la 20 thi nghiem, bao gom: thi nghiem d mflc tren vd dfldi, thi nghiem d mflc "sao" vd thi nghiem d mflc cO sd Gid tri thflc cua cdc yeu td dflpc ma hod theo cdng thflc: ^i" gia tri ma hod cua yeu td thfl i ( i = ^ m ) X., X , X., eia tri thflc cua yeu td thfl i d mflc " a & • • / tren, mflc cP sd vd mflc dfldi ^ j^^^^^g bien thien cua yeu td thfl i Cac gia tri X., X , X., cd gid tri ma hod Id: -f-l, 0, -1 Mflc bien thien, khoang bien thien vd gid tri ma hod cua cua cac yeu td (bang 1) dflpc lfla chpn theo ket qua nghien cflu thflc nghiem don yeu td [ ] Bdng 1: Mdc bien thien vdgid tri md hod cua cdc yeu to x Cac mirc ma hoa Gia tri ma hoa C ac yen to anh huroug -L68 -1.00 0.00 LOO L68 Muc dtfoi Muc d m Muc ca sd Muc tren Mucsaotrm Khoai^hiaithiaiEj LOO XI X2 xj -30i -32.0 -34.0 -36.0 -37.4 -2 25.3 28.0 32.0 36.0 38.7 6.6 10.0 15.0 20.0 23.4 Md hinh toan cdc hdm Yj dflpc bieu dien bang phflOng trinh hdi qui: [3; 5; 6] N (6) m m=l Y = b„+ Z b , x , - h X i=l i=l m m Xb^^x^x.-H^b^xf j=l+l u=l (4) i=I N bij = a3 Z j ^ i i (7) ''"^i' u=l Cdc he sd hdi qui cua phflong trinh (4) dflpc tinh theo cdc cdng thflc: m ^^^^^^ | ^ ^ ^^ _ ^ ^ | ^ Y ^ ^ ^ j ^ u=l m N ^o^^^lY^-a.XZx^Y, u=l i=l u=l i=l N ^^^2 y^ ^3^ u=l (5) u=l TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM •t* Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) | NGHIEN cufu-TRAO D | Vdi sd yeu Id vao m =3 va sd thi nghiem Y hdm thdnh phan, (j=l^p; p Id sd IflOng ham N=20, cac he sd aj dflpc tinh nhfl sau: i\^= 0,16627; thdnh phan) a, = 0,07322; a, = 0.12.S; a, = 0,0625; a = 0,05676; Y, , - gid tri thi nghiem xau nhat cua hdm cac 1111111 (lllil.X) o • o • a_ = 0,00678 Y, Sau xac dinli dupe cii he so hdi quy, tien hanh kiem tra nnic y nghia cua cac he sd hdi qui, kiem tra tinh thich flng cua md hinh toan va xac dinh gia tri Id! uu cua cac yeu td vao cho tflng thdng so Do cac ham '\' co cue tri flng vdi cac gia tri cua cac \eu to vao xi khac nhau, \'\ vay can phai tim gia tri cua cac yeu td \ao xi chung cho tat ca cac thdng so Y Ap dung phflong phap giai bdi toan tdi uu tong quat theo phuong phap lap "hdm mong mudn" cua H.C^ Harrington, gdm cac bflde sau: [3],[5] Lap "ham mong mudn' thdnh phan d theo cdng thflc: (9) d^ = exp[-exp(- )',)] Y - Y jmm(ma.\) Yj-= Y r\Q\ - Y j) jmindiia.x) Y gia trj tdt nhat hay "mong mudn nhaf'cua hdm Y I k- he so flu tien cho nhflng hdm (hay nhflng chi tieu quan trpng), k = 3-;-5 Lap hdm tdi flu tong quat D theo cdng thflc: ""'W,'' Tinh todn gid trj hdm tdi flu tong quat D cho tflng thi nghiem cua ma tran Viec xdc dinh md hinh todn, kiem tra mflc y nghia cfla cac he sd hoi qui, kiem tra tinh thich flng vd xdc dinh gid tri tdi flu cua hdm tdi flu tong quat D tflOng tfl nhfl ddi vdi cdc hdm Y KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Tien hdnh thi nghiem say vai qua theo phflong dn quy hoach thflc nghiem bac BoxWillson vdi 20 thi nghiem Ma tran vd ket qua thi nghiem dflpc ghi bang Bdng Ma trdn vd ket qud thi nghiem say mdng dd hat gdc No •> _i ^ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Cac yeu to anh hirong XI X: X? -LOO 1,00 -LOO 1,00 -LOO 1,00 -1.00 1,00 -L68 1,68 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 -1,00 -1.00 LOO LOO -1,00 -1,00 1,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 -1,68 L68 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 -1,00 -1,00 -1,00 -1,00 1,00 1,00 1.00 1.00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 -1,68 1,68 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • (11) Cac ham phan Yi Y: YJ Yl Y4 2,S7 12,59 399,48 523,21 407,67 540,67 2.75 12,04 2,78 382.38 505,22 11,89 390.57 525,73 11,34 2,78 373,50 510,65 2,97 13.66 395.99 529,74 12.71 2,86 356.40 493,71 13,05 2,89 378,89 514,21 2,97 12.01 375,42 495,63 14,05 3,28 13.23 2,62 401,19 534,44 398,71 539,01 3.22 14.07 369.97 505,84 12,49 2,51 402,00 525,07 13.02 2.60 370,37 499,40 3.52 14.18 396,84 532.34 2.55 12.25 396,84 535,64 11,87 2.62 396,84 531,32 12.02 2.66 396,84 535,13 2=54 11.64 396,84 531.36 11.38 2.50 396,84 535,94 2,69 12,09 S d l (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu-TRAO DOI Ket qua tinh todn da xac dinh dxiac dflpc md hinh todn cua cdc hdm thdnh phan Y (sau da loai bd nhflng he sd hdi quy vd nghia) nhfl sau: Yl = 396,8417965 -t- 7,6697936Xj - 8,5514775x^ - 9,4146341x3 + 3,5750000x,x, - 3,0228818x, - 4,4294861x„ - 3,7757871x2 (12) 22 Y^ = 533,5414709 + 10,4626524Xj - 8,8770521x, - 6,5699461x, - 6,0770311x,2 - 3,4586921x/7,0690946X3^ " (13) Y3 = 11,9150208 - 0,3274214x, - 0,3931461x, + 0,4044618x3 + 0,3716525x,2 + 0,2441014x/ + 0,3574801X3^ (14) Y^ = 2,5974270 0,1393931X3^ 0,0922549x, 0,0896166x, + 0,1506508x3 + 0,100419212 + 0,0703029x/ + " (15) Can cfl vdo sd lieu thi nghiem bang 2, ta chpn cac thdng sd tinh toan hdm tdi flu tong qudt D theo cdc cdng thflc (9H-1 1) nhfl sau: HdmYj HdmY^ HdmY3 HdmY Y,„^^^ = 358,73 (mg/lOOg); Y^n^in = 26,24 (mg/lOOg); Y = 14,18 (h); Y^^^= 3,52 (kWh/kg SPK); 500 (mg/lOOg) ^^„- 40(mg/100g) Y,„= 10(h) Y = 2,5 (kWh/kg SPK) 10 Ket qua tinh todn gid tri hdm tdi flu tong quat D dflpc ghi bang Bdng 3: Ket qud tinh todn gid tri hdm toi Uu tong qudt D STT S 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Cac yeu to anh iiroUg r Ham" Diong muon" shan dj XI x: X3 di d; d3 d4 -LOO -1,00 -1,00 1,00 -1,00 -1,00 -1,00 -1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 -1,68 1,68 0,00 0,655 0,691 0,552 0,615 0,483 0,635 0,368 0,537 0,487 0,662 0,663 0.426 0,672 0,441 0,650 0,638 0,651 0,658 0,637 0,611 0,647 0,767 0,485 0,667 0,538 0,696 0,368 0,571 0,388 0,729 0,757 0,492 0,662 0,427 0,715 0.736 0,708 0,733 0,708 0,738 0,727 0,806 0,824 0,878 0,502 0,706 0,641 0,810 0,402 0,603 0,397 0,743 0,647 0,368 0,779 0,827 0,809 0,851 0.875 0,800 0,863 0,901 0,893 0,893 0,820 0,866 0,855 0,820 0,610 0,932 0,661 0,950 0,935 0,368 0,944 0,932 0,923 0,946 0,951 0,917 LOO -LOO LOO LOO -1,00 -1,00 -LOO LOO -1.00 LOO -1,68 L68 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0=00 LOO LOO 0,00 0,00 -1.68 1,68 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 TAP C H I C O K H I V I E T N A M • —~~ r Ham toi vu tODg quatD 0,643 0,728 0,582' 0,685 0,475 0,647 0,420 0,588 0,359 0,647 0,509 0,529 0,646 0,294 0,699 0,712 0,701 0,729 0,721 0,692 Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D(!)l Ket qua tinh toan tren mdy vi tinh da xac dinh dflpc md hinh toan cua ham tdi flu tong quat D nhfl sau: Gid tri tdi flu cua cac yeu td vdo: Gid tri ma hod Gid tri thflc T,^ = -35,04 "C x / = 0,51843524 T = 31,45 °C D = 0,7052992 + 0,0741473.x, - 0,0134417x^ x / = -0,13813436 bx 0,080468x, - 0,0190L15xlx, 0,0492201x,' x/=-0,63856867 S= 11,81mm (4.9) 0,0437459xr 0,0609444 x,' Gia tri tdi flu cua cac thdng sd ra: Tren co sd md hinh todn hdm tdi flu C, = 404,39 (mg/lOOg) tong qudt D da dflpc xac dinh d tren, ta cd V = 32,12 (mg/lOOg) the xac dinh cac thdng so tdi flu tong qudt cua t = 11,79 (h) thiet bi say bang each lay dao hdm rieng ddi N^ = 2,55 (kWh/kg SPK) vdi mdi yeu td x, vd cho triet tieu, ta dflpc mpt he phflpng trinh tuye'n tinh Giai he phflOng Tren ca sd cdc thdng sd tdi flu da tim dflpc, trinh ndy ta dflpc gia trj tdi flu chung cua cac yeu td vdo x cho tat ca cdc thdng sd Y Thay chflng tdi tien hdnh thi nghiem lap lai d che dp cdc gid tri xi vdo cdc hdm thdnh phan Y, (j = tdi flu cua cdc yeu td vdo: nhiet dp lanh ddng 1-^4) theo cac cdng thflc (12 H-15), ta xdc dinh vat lieu say T,^ = -35,04''C, nhiet dp bflc xa T^^ = dxiac gid tri tdi flu tong qudt cua thdng sd Y 31,45''C, chieu ddy Idp vat lieu say S = 11,81mm Ket qud tinh todn tren mdy vi tinh da xdc dinh Ket qua thi nghiem xac dinh cac chi tieu kinh te ky thuat cua thiet bi say dflpc ghi bang dflOc: Bdng 4: Ket qud thi nghiem say tai cdc thdng so toi Uu Nhiet san lanh pham dong say Th°C Nhiet hire xa Tbx^C Ham Chien Ham liro^g hrong day Idp Carotenoid £ \itamin vat Ben c, Ve sSyS (mgAOOg) (mg/lOOg) (mm) Thdi gian sav t(h)' Chi phi nang hrtfng rieng Nr (kWTiykg SPK) TNI -35,04 31,45 11,81 409,23 32,16 11,94 2,76 TN2 -35,04 31,45 11,81 423,41 34,59 12,21 2,64 TN3 -35,04 31,45 11,81 418,65 34,45 12.48 2,62 417,09 33.37 12,21 2.67 Gia tri trung binh Theo sd lieu bang cho thay, sai sd chi phi nang IflOng rieng Y^ Id 4,70% deu nhd gifla tinh todn vd thflc nghiem ddi vdi hdm hdm hon 5%, vi vay cac ket qua nghien cflu xac dinh Iflpng carotenoid Y, Id 3,14%, hdm Iflofng vita- cac thdng sd cdng nghe tdi flu cua qua trinh say E Y^ Id 3,89% vd thdi gian say Y3 Id 3,56%, TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM • mdng dd hat gac dam bao dp tin cay S l (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D(!)l KET LUAN Ap dung phflong phap qui hoach thflc nghiem ket hpp vdi phflong phdp nghien cflu tdi flu tong qudt E.C Harrington da xdc dinh dxiac gia tri tdi flu cfla cdc yeu td vdo: nhiet dp lanh ddng vat lieu say T,^ = -35,04"C, nhiet dp ngudn nhiet bflc xa T^^^ = 31,45"C vd dp ddy vat lieu say S =11,81mm vd gid tri tdi flu cua cac thdng sd tdi ra: hdm Iflpng carotenoid ^ = 404,39 (mg/lOOg), hdm Iflpng vitamin E V = 32,12(mg/100g), thdi gian say t = 11,79 (h) vd chi phi dien nang rieng N, = 2,55(kWh/kg SPK) Ket qua nghien cflu tren Id cO sd quan trpng de hodn thien thiet ke vd che tao cac cd thiet bi say vai qua cd nang suat khdc phu hpp vdi qui md cua cdc co sd sdn xuat
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