NGHIEN ClifU - TRAO DOI ^Mpt so k€t qua nghien cufu thiet bj say mang hat gac bang phildng phap say thang hoa SOME RESEARCH RESULTS ON DRYING MEMBRANE OF GAC FRUIT SEED BY SUBLIMATION DRYING METHOD D6 Minh Chien', PGS,TS Tran Nhii Khuydn^ 'NCS TrUdng Dai hoc Ndng nghiep Ha Ndi Don vi cdng tdc: TrUdng Cao Dang Cdng nghiep vd Xay diing 'TrUdng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi TOM TAT Ihict bi say thdng hoa STH-50 dUdc thiet kevd die tao tai Bo mdn thiet bi bdo qud vd che bien nong san khoa Cd Dien triidng Dai hoc Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi, dung desdy cdc loai san pham mdn cam vdi nhiet nhii rau qud, thit cd, diidc lieu, enzyme, Ddy Id he thong thiet bi Idm viec gian doan, cd binh ngUng-ddngbang Idm vice lech pha (binh ndy dang dgiai doan ngUng-ddng hdng hdi nUdc thi binh dang dgiai doan xd bang vd ngiidc lai), san pham say diidc Idm lanh ddng cUc nhanh bang N, Idng vd xd bang bang nhiet sinh d gidn ndng sau mdy nen hdi mdi chat lanh cua he thong lanh, nhd dd da ndng cao chat lUdng sdn pham, giam thdi gian say vd chi phi ndng lUdng rieng cho qud trinh say Ket qud thUc nghiem ddn yeu td say mdng hat gac da xdc dinh dUdc miic anh hUdng vd chieu bien thien ciia cdc yeu to: nhiet lanh ddng T^^ ("C), nhiet biic xq T^^ ("C) vd chieu ddy Idp vat lieu say S (mm) den hdm lUdng carotenoid C^ (mg/lOOg), hdm lUdng vitamin E V.(mg/100g), thdi gian say t(h) vd chi phi ndngltidng rieng N^ (kWh/kgSPK) vd dd lUa chon dUdc khoang nghien ciiu thich hdp ciia cdc yeu to lam cdsd cho phUdngphdp nghien cUu thUc nghiem da yeu to nhii: nhiet lanh ddng -30 H- -38f^C, nhiet biic xq 24 H- 4(fC, chieu ddy Idp vat lieu say -^ 25mm Tii khda: Chi phi ndng liidng rieng, he thong thiet bi say thdng hoa ABSTRACT Sublimation dryer STH-50 designed and manufactured at Department of Storage and processing Equipment, Faculty of Engineering, Hanoi University ofAgriculture, is usedfor drying products being sensitive to temperature such as vegetable, fruit, meat, fish, medicinal herb, enzyme, etc This is a discontinued system with two dephasingfrozen condensers (one condenser is in condense-freezing phase while the other one is in deicing phase and inverse) Drying product is extra-fast frozen by nitrogen liquid and de-iced by thermal energy from heater behind refrigerant compressor, therefore it can increase product quality, and reduce drying time and specific energy consumption for drying process Results of single-factor experiment when dry red membrane ofgac fruit seed determined affection degree and varying trend of factors such asfreezing temperature T,^ (°C), radiation temperature T^ ("C) and layer deep of drying product S (mm) to carotenoid content CJmg/lOOg), vitamin E content Ve(mg/100g), drying time t(h), specific energy consumption iV (kWh/kg SPK), and selected appropriate research range for factors as the base for multi-factor experimental research such as freezing temperature -30 H- -38''C, radiation temperature 24 -i- 40°C, thickness of drying product layer ^ 25mm Keywords: specific energy consumption Sublimation drying system TAP CHf CO KHI VIET NAM • Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D I DAT VAN DE VAT LIEU VA PHLfONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Gac cd ten khoa hpc Momordica cochinchinensis trdng d vung Ddng Nam chau A tfl mien Nam Trung Quoc den Ddng Bac Australia, Viet Nam (chu yeu dUdc trdng d Mien Bac vd tap trungdcdc Tinh Hdi Phdng, Hdi DUdng, HdNdi ) Mdng hat gac Id thdnh phan cd gid tri nhat gdm cd: protein, lipid, glucide vd rat nhieu vi chat nhfl: carotenoids, licopene, cac vitamin va khoang chat, dd ham lUpng (3- carotene cao gap 1.8 lan so vdi dau gan ca thu, gap 15 lan so vdi cu cd rot vd gap 68 lan so vdi cd chua" Vi vay, mdng hat gac ngodi viec sfl dung 1dm thUc pham md cdn dUpc dung 1dm dUpe pham vd my pham rat cd gid tri nhU: vien nang, thudc md, tinh dau, kem dUdng da, [ 1; 4; 5] Do gac qua tUOi thu hoach theo mua vd rat de bi hu hdng nen de dU trfl nguon nguyen lieu ngUdi ta tien hanh tdeh mdng dd hat gac, mang say khd den dp am an todn de bdo quan Hien nay, viec say mang dd d nfldc ta dflpc thflc hien theo phflong phap say nhiet thUdng d dp cao (50-70''C) cdc thiet bi say vi ngang, tham chi cac Id say thu cdng, sfl dung khdi Id 1dm tac nhan say nen chat lUpng san pham say khdng cao, dac biet la cac hdm lUpng vitamin, caroten, lycopen de phan huy dudi tac ddng cua nhiet PhUOng phap say d nhiet dp thap (0-50°C) cac thiet bi: say chan khdng, say bom nhiet vd dac biet la phUOng phdp say thang hoa (say lanh ddng d nhiet dp -20-^-40°C) da khac phuc dUpe hodn todn nhflng nhupc diem cua phUOng phap say nhiet nen da gifl gan nhfl nguyen ven chat luong sdn pham tUOi ban dau ThUc te d nUdc ta hien phUOng phdp say thang hoa chUa dUpc trien khai vd Ung dung bien thiet bi nhap ngoai cd gia thdnh rat cao, chi phi van hdnh va chi phi nang lUpng khd Idn Vi vay, viec nghien cflu thiet ke che tao he thdng thiet bi say thang hoa nham tao sdn pham say CO chat lUpng cao, giam chi phi cho qua trinh say la van de cap thiet de trien khai flng dung rdng rai san xuat Id van de cd y nghia kinh te rat Idn 2.1 Noi dung nghien ciiu Nghien cflu thiet ke thiet bi say thang hoa Nghien cUu thUc nghiem xdc dinh anh hUdng cua mot sd thdng sd den qua trinh say 2.2 Vat lieu nghien ciiu Vat lieu thi nghiem la gac qua chin dUpc trdng d Gia Lam Hd Ndi Mdng dd cua hat cd thdnh phan chinh nhfl sau: nfldc 71,42%; protein 2,1%; lipid 7,9%; glucide 10,5%; xo 1,8%; khoang 0,7; beta caroten 59,84mg/100g; lycopen 78,43mg/100g; vitamin E 16,88mg/100g Qua trinh say mdng dd hat gac dflpc tien hdnh nhfl sau: Ifla chpn qua gac tfloi, chin dd deu khdng dap, thdi, mdc, khdng chpn qua chin nbfln, sau benh, sau dd rfla sach, de rao nUdc, dung dao bd ddi lay bat, dUa vdo may cbd de tach het phan mdng dd bao quanh hat gac, sau dd dfla vdo may xay nbuyen de dam bao dp ddng deu ve thdnh phan hda hpc cung nhU mdu sac Cho nguyen lieu bam nbuyen vdo khay, gat phang vd dUa vdo budng thang hoa Vat lieu say dUpc 1dm lanh ddng nhanh bang phUOng phap phun NitO Idng vdo cac khay chUa vat lieu say d budng thang hoa cho den dat nhiet dp lanh ddng theo yeu cau thi nghiem, sau dd tien hdnh say khd binh thang hoa cho den dp am dat 7% mdi dUa 1dm ngudi, ddng gdi chan khdng vd bao quan d dieu kien nhiet dp thUdng ngdy sau dd mdi dUa phan tich [1; 4; 5] 2.3 PhiiOng phap nghien ciiu Ap dung phUOng phap nghien cflu thUc nghiem dOn yeu td de nghien cflu anh hUdng rieng cua cua 03 yeu td: nhiet dp lanh ddng T,^(°C), nhiet dp bflc xa \Ji°C) vd chieu ddy Idp vat lieu say S (mm) den hdm IflOng carotenoid Cj(mg/100g), hdm Iflpng vitamin E V (mg/lOOg), ci^ TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM ••• Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN Cljru - TRAO DOI ham lupng vitamin H V (mg/lOOg), thdi gian say t(h) ^•a chi phi nang lupng rieng N (kWh/kg SPK) Cac thdng so nghien cuu diipc xac dinh nhu sau: Dp khd ddng deu ciia san pham say dflpc xac djnb theo phUOng sai dac dp am cua cac mau san pham say d cac vi tri khac Inidng say Ihdi gian sa\- la khoang thdi gian thUc hien nioi nic duoc tinh tu I hdi diem bat dau say cho den san pham say dat am 7", va dupe xac dinh bdng ddng ho ihdi gian Hdm lU(?ng carotenoid tong sd vd ham lUpng vitamin E dUpc xac djnh theo phUOng phap HPLC nhd may sac ky Idng hi^u nang cao, ma hieu RID-lOA vd SPD-HIOAVP (Nhat Ban) Nhiet dp v.i dp am mdi trUdng khdng gian budng say xac dinh bdng thiet hi dien t\"i hien sd ma hieu 1^-OX-301 A (Han (.)iide) KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Dp am cua san pham say dUpc xac dinh bang may Data Holp MC-78()5 (Trung Quoc), sai so ± 0,1 "o Day la loai thiet bi hien dai, cd dau cam bien nhiet dp va dp am dUpc cam sau vao klidi \'at lieu can vd nhiet dp vd dp am cua vat lieu budng say dUpc hien thi sd tren man hinh cua thiet bi dat d ngodi budng say H? thdng thiet bi say thang hoa STH-50 dupe thiet ke vd che tao tai Bd mdn Thiet bi bao quan vd che bien ndng sdn khoa Co Dien trfldng Dai hpc Ndng nghiep Hd Ndi So nguyen ly cau tao cua be thdng thiet bi say dflpc the hien tren hinh 1[2;3] 3.1 Thi^t kef thi^t bi say Hinh 1: Sd cau tao thiet bi say thdng hoa STH - 50 Binh thdng hoa; Van dieu chinh dp sudt; 3,4 Binh ngiing dong hdng; Tu dieu khien; Gidn Idm mat moi chat lanh; Mdy nen moi chat lanh; Bdm chan khong; Gidn dat khay say; 10 Tam gia nhiet; 11 Khay say 12 Bo phan phun N long m TAP CHI CO KHI VIET NAM V Sd 12 (Thang 12 nam 2011) NGHIEN cufu - TRAO D I He thdng thiet bi say thang hoa gdm cd cac bd phan chinh nhU sau: Binh thang hoa cd dang hinh tru, ben cd lap cac gidn khay chfla vat lieu say 10 xen ke vdi tam gia nhiet 11 Bom chan khdng cd nhiem vu hut hoi nfldc thoat tfl vat lieu say de tao dp suat chan khdng can thiet cho qua trinh thang hoa am Binh ngflng ddng bang vd ket hpp vdi he thdng lanh vd cd nhiem vu 1dm ngflng tu vd ddng bang hoi nfldc bOm hut de giam tai cho bom chan khdng vd tranh ngflng tu nUdc bOm chan khdng Bd phan cap nhiet gdm cd cdc tam gia nhiet 10 dUpc lap xen ke vdi cac khay chfla vat lieu say cd nhiem vu cung cap nhiet cho qua trinh say Bd phan phun NitO Idng 12 gdm bom vd cdc vdi phun cd nhiem vu phun Ni to Idng de 1dm lanh ddng nhanh vat lieu am trflde say Sfl dung hai binh ngflng 1dm viec lech pha (binh ngflng dang d thdi ky ddng bang thi binh ngflng dang d thdi ky xa bang vd ngUpe lai), khdng mat thdi gian dflng may de xa bang Sfl dung bpi NH^ sau may nen cua he thdng lam lanh de pha bang binh ngflng ddng bang nen da rut ngan dUpe thdi gian pha bang vd tiet kiem nhiet nang Thiet bi cd cau tao dPn gian, vdn dau tU thiet bi, cd Idia nang say dUpc nhieu loai vat lieu khac nhau, ke ca vat lieu d trang thai ran vd Idng Nhupc diem : Ky thuat van banh may kha phUc tap, ddi hdi cdng nhan phai cd tinh than trach nhiem vd trinh dp tay nghe cao Vdi ket cau nhU tren he thdng thiet bi say thang hoa STH-1 cd Uu diem ndi bat nhU sau: 3.2 Khao sat anh hfldng cua mot so yeu to den chat liiOng san pham say Ap dung phuong phap lanh ddng cUc nhanh bang each phun NitO Idng vdo vat lieu say nen cd Uu diem hon so vdi cac phUOng phap lanh ddng khac Id tao sdn pham lanh ddng cd chat lupng cao (hinh thdnh nhieu tinh the da cd kich thudc nhd), thdi gian lanh ddng ngan (2-3 phut), chi phi cho qua trinh lanh ddng thap vi NitO Id pham phu san xuat oxy Idng, gia thdnh re Da tien banh thi nghiem say mdng dd hat gac thiet bi say thang hoa STH-50 Trong tat ca cac thi nghiem deu bd tri sd lan lap lai Id 3, mflc bien thien la Ket qua thi nghiem da xac dinh dflpc mflc dp anh hfldng cua cdc yeu td nhfl sau: - Thdi gian say giam tfl 2,5-3 lan vd dac biet Id khdng mat nhieu thdi gian de lanh ddng san pham say Dieu kien thi nghiem: Nhiet dp ngudn bflc xa T^^^ = 32°C, chieu day Idp vat lieu say S = 15mm Ket qua thi nghiem dflpc bieu dien tren thi hinh a Anh hiXdng nhiet lanh ddng vat lieu say T^^ CO Ve mg/lOOg) Ct(mg/100g) 420 • 34- 400- • 32- 380 • • 30 360 28' t(h) Nr(k Nr (kWh/kg SPK) • 15 • 3.2 V ^ t-—• ?-^ ' \ ^ y,? ^ 14 3.0 • 13 ^ • • 12 • 2.6