^^^ i KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE Jll&l &KkeJL qua it^^hien aht Auy tei BBNQ HE THONG SRY DUNG N6NG lagfNG M6T TRGfl KIEU HON HOP B6\ LL/U TLT NHI^N Dinh ViroTig Hing', Nguyen Xudn Trung' I DAT VAN DE Nhilu logi ndng san dgng cii, qud, hgt sau thu hogch thudng phai phai, sdy dl dgt dg im thich hgp cho bdo qudn Siy ndng sdn bdng di?n, than ddm bdo dugc cac yeu cdu vl chit lugng san pham, V? sinh, gidm chi phi lao ddng, khdng phy thugc vdo thdi tiet, nhung lai cd chi phi cao Ndng lugng biic xa mat trdi (ggi tdt Id ndng lugng mgt trdi) la ngudn ndng lugng gin nhu vd tan va la mgt nhimg logi ndng lugng thay the triln vgng s i y bdng ndng Iugng mdt trdi cd the nang cao chit lugng san pham Tuy vgy, nang lugng mgt trdi khdng re, cac thiet bj sir dyng ndng Iugng mat trdi hi?n cd hi?u sudt chua cao Do do, hi?n vi?c nghien cuu chl tgo, nang cao hi?u qud cdc thilt bj su dyng ndng lugng mat trdi vd trien khai iimg dyng chiing vao thyc tl la vin dl cd tinh cap thilt Ci Viet Nam ngudn ndng lugng mgt h-di cd hiu nhu quanh ndm, tri s6 tong xg kha Idn td 100 den 175 kcal/cmVndm, dac bi?t cdc viing tir mien trung trd vao Tdi la m$t logi ndng san cd huang vi ddc biet cua huy?n ddo Ly San, tinh Qudng Ngai, da dugc cdng nhdn thuang hieu qudc gia, vdi sdn lugng hang ndm len din khoang 2.000 tdn Den nay, ndng dan Ly Son vdn phoi logi tdi ndi tilng ciia minh sau thu hogch, nen khdng dam bao chdt lugng, thdi gian bao (judn ngdn vd thdi gian phoi Idn hon nhieu so vdi say ^ siy tdi diing ndng lugng mgt fdi kieu hdn hgp doi luu ty nhien dugc chgn nghien cuu bdi nhihig Iy sau: - Huy?n ddo Ly Son Id noi cd cudng dg biic xa mdt trdi vd so gid ndn^ ndm hrang doi ldn, phii hgp vdi h? thing say dung nang lugng mat trdi Mdt khdc, hi?n nguIn di?n d Ly Son chi dugc cung cap cho chieu sdng vao budi tdi (5gid/2 ngay) cho nen sdy bdng ndng lugng mdt trdi la phii hgp _ - H? thong siy dimg ndng lugng mgt hdi kieu hdn hgp cd uu diem Id tdng khd ndng lam nong vat am, cd nang suat cao ' TS Tnrfmg E)^ hpc Nong ISm Hu^ * Ths Tnremg Tning hpc Giao thflng v^n tai Hue 12 - Thiet bj say diing ndng lugng mdt hdi cd cau tgo dan gian; xdy dyng, che tgo de dang bSng cdc vgt lieu sdn cd tai dia phuang H? thing thilt bj siy bdng ndng lugng mdt trdi da nghien curu yd iing dyng d mgt sd noi nhung hi?u sd thu nhi?t thip Chiing tdi da nghien cihi dua h? thdng say gom b^ thu nhigt vd buong say (cung Id bg thu nhi#t thd 2) Xin gidi thi?u ket qua nghien cdu h? thong say nang suit 240kg/me dung cho quy md ndng hg san xuit va kinh doanh hanh, tdi tai Ly San II TINH TOAN KHA NANG LAM K H VA MOT S THONG S CUA THI6T B( SAY L Tinh todn he thon^ sdy 1.1 Xdc djnh lugng dm cdn bdc hai H? thong siy dugc tinh toan vdi ndng suat 240kg/me vd nguyen li?u say Id tdi da qua phai ndng dat dg dm phan vd lya Id 13%, phan than cii la 60% Do khoi lugng ciia vd lya so vdi thdn cua cii tdi la khdng dang kl, de thugn Igi cho vigc tinh todn, ta coi cu tdi la mgt vgt dm vdi dg im trung binh ban dau la (0[ = 60% vd dg am sau say Id tO; = 55% Lugng im cin bic hoi mgt mS siy la: W ^ = G ; i i Z ^ = - ^ z = kg/me lOO-fOj 100-55 Lugng toi khd sau say thu dugc: G2 = G , - W ^ = 213,33 kg/me Chgn thdi gian say Id T = 16 gid, tuong line vdi hai ndng cd nhi?t dg tmng binh 30°C Toe dg siy tucmg iing Id 0,31 %/h Khac vdi siy cac logi hgt, siy tdi cd tdc dg say cao se xay hi^n tugng tdi "chin", mui tdi phong rgp len, iugng nudc boc hai d phin thdn cii khdng chuyin dugc tdi Idp vd lya dk ngoai Lugng im trung binh can boc hoi mgt gid: 26,67 ^™ WH 1,67 kg/h 16 1.2 Tinh todn cdn bdng nhi^t - dm qud trinh say Do thj I-d ciia qud trinh say (hinh 1), (1) Id trgng thai khdng trudc bg thu nhi?t, (2) la TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON • SO - 2011 KHOA HQC - CONG N G H E trang thdi khdng sau bg thu nhi?t va (3) la trgng thai khdng cuii qud trinh siy :^a ^£i^= 0,026 kg/kgKK r+C^t, -100% = 60% (P3 = (0,622-F^3)/7,3 d) Tieu hao khdng ly thuyet Tieu hao rieng khdng qua trinh siy ly thuyet dugc xac djnh: lo = 9=100% = d2 da Hinh DS thf I-d a) Trgng thdi khdng trudc bg thu nhi^t Tir so li?u vl hgu tinh Qudng Ngai, ta chgn nhi?t dg t, = 30''C, dg dm tuang ddi tpi = 75%; vdi dp suat bao hda ciia hoi nudc d 30''C la p^i = 0,0425bar, dp suit khdng am Id p = 0,9933 bar Dg chira am ciia khdng khi: dl = 0,622 = 200 kgKK/kg im d^-d, Gid thiet h? thong la kin thi lugng khdng khd can thiet de say 240kg tdi tir dg am 60% den dg im 55% la: Lo=WJo = 5334kgKK Vgy, tong the ti'ch khdng am qua bg thu nhiet la: V = L.Vo = 5072,6 m^ Luu lugng ddng di qua bg thu nhiet Id: Vo = 5072,6 m' / 16 h = 317,04 m^/h = 0,088 mVs Khoi lugng rieng cua khdng budng siy Id: p = , 99333^ = 1,07 kg/m^ 287 + 462 -^1(273 + /,) ^'^^' P-9\Ps\ = 0,021 kg/kgKK Entanpi cua khdng d dilm Id : li = Cpkt, + d| (r + Cpht,) = 83,72 kJ/kgKK Trong dd: Cpk » I kJ/kgKK - nhi?t dung rieng ciia khdng khd Cph « 1,93 kJ/kgKK - nhi?t dung rieng ciia hoi nudc r « 2500 kJ/kg - nhi?t am hda hai ciia nudc b) Trgng thdi khdng sau bg thu nhi^t Chgn nhi?t dg khdng khi khdi bg thu nhi?t Id t2 = 50°C; vdi dp suit bdo hda ciia hai nudc d SO^C Id ps2 = 0,1235bar Gid thilt h? thong Id kin, lugng chira dm trudc va sau bg thu nhi?t la nhu cd dl = dj Tatinh dugc: h= Cptt2 + di (r + Cpht2) = 104,53 kJ/kgKK Dg am tuong doi cua khdng sau bg thu nhi?t: 92= -100% = 26% (0,622+ rfj);j,j c) Trgng thdi khdng cudi qud trinh sdy (5 trgng thai ndy ta co I3 = I2, chgn nhi?t dg cudi qud trinh say ti = 38"C, vdi psj = 0,0663bar Ta tinh dugc: e) Tieu hao nhi?t cho qud trinh sdy Tieu hao nhi?t rieng qua trinh say ly thuyet dugc tinh theo cdng thdc: qo = Wh - Ii)= 4162 kJ/kg dm Tieu hao nhiet qua trinh say ly thuyet Id: Q = qo-W™= 111000,5 U L3 Tinh todn bg thu nhiet vd budng sdy Vdi h? thdng siy ndy, ngoai bg thu nhiet, buong say dugc coi nhu bg thu nhiet thir hai Do dd, di?n tich thu nhi?t bao gom cd dign tich ciia bg thu nhi?t va buong sdy Gia thilt h? thong Id kin, tieu hao nhi?t qua trinh say Q ciing chinh Id lugng nhi?t hihi ich ma ddng nhgn dugc Qg Di?n tich thu nhi?t dugc tinh theo cdng thuc sau: Ac = 7./r Chgn hi?u sudt chung cua bg thu nhiet va buong say Id rjc = 0,3 Tir tinh toan ciia phan mem HOMER version 2.76, ta cd IT = 5763 kWh/mVngay Di?n tich thu nhi?t la: 111000,5 TAP CHf CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 2- 2011 13 K H O A H Q C - CONG N G H E Di?n tich budng sdy can dam bdo ndng sudt 240 kg/me, vdi kich thudc thiia ddt sdn cd tgi dja dilm ngliien ciru, ta chgn: - Di?n tich buong say: 12,6m^ - Di?n tich bd thu nhi?t: 19,42m^ Tir ket qud tinh toan tren, cd the :ao thiet bj say tdi cd cQ bdng ndng lugng mat trdi vdi bg phan thu nhi?t cd khd nang mang lai hieu qua Buong say Budng say la noi diln sy trao doi nhi?t - im giiJa tdc nhan say vd vat siy Buong siy can kin dl tranh that thoat nhi?t; cd ciia vao vd cua sd (kinh) ddng kin siy Khdng dugc nung ndng d bg thu nhiet di vao tir ngang mdt sdn va thoat d Id thodt cd Idp qugt cau doi lim tren mai buong say Buong siy dugc xay bdng ggch Id, trdt v5a; mai dugc Idp kinh ddy 5mm dl sir dyng hi?u dng nhd III THIET KE, CHE T^O, XAY DylVG THIET kinh tir bdc xa mat trdi Cd thi coi buong siy la bg B! SAY SMT-0,1LS thu nhi?t thir hai So thilt kl dugc thi hien tren hinh Gia say Gia siy dugc chl tao bdng thep khdng ri hode thep mg kem de trdnh anh hudng den chit Iugng san pham say Mgt gid siy gom nam khay siy xip tdng, each mgt khodng 300mm, dam bao khdng cdn trd qua trinh nhgn nhi$t va thoat am Mgt khay siy cd di?n tich l,56m^ ldm bang ludi th^p khdng ri, khdng ndng di tir phia dudi khay len dl dang Chan gia sdy dugc ldp banh xe dl thudn ti?n thay doi vj tri cdc gia siy buong siy Cd ba gid say vdi tong di^n tich cac khay siy la 23,4 m^ Bg phan dieu chinh nhi^t dg budng say Nhi?t dg buong sdy dugc dilu chinh bdng each tdng hay gidm luu lugng khdng nong di Hinh Sa cau tgo h? thong sdy toi SMT- OILS vdo, nhd sy thay doi gdc md cua bg thu nhi?t tit 0° l.B9thunhi§t;2 BOph^ndikchinhnhietdgia Bu^ngsay; Mai kinh suet; Gia siy; Qugt ciu; L6 thoSt den 90° Ban dem, cda dugc ddng Igi dl tranh hoi dm vao buong say Bg thu nhiet Cac thiet bi khac Khdng dugc nung ndng di qua bg thu De nang cao hi?u qua siir dyng, h? thdng say nhi?t nhd hi?u dng nha kinh SMT - OILS cdn dugc ldp ddt thiet bj sdy cuong Bg thu nhi?t la mgt hgp xay bdng ggch, trat vira, hire bdng khdi Id (dot bdng than t l ong) dl sir dyng cd nip dgy bdng kinh suot day 5mm, mgt day say hdnh, rong biln, ve miia mua Vi§c ldp dgt cac la tam hap thy bdng fibro-cement dugc son den md, thiet bj ndy khdng anh hudng den vi?c siy bdng nhdm tang khd nang hip thu nhiet Dudi mdt day cd ndng lugng mdt trdi miia ndng Idp cdch nhigt bang xop day 2cm Bg thu nhi?t cd IV KET QUA di?n tich 13,68 m^ tam fibro-cement cd dgng lugn sdng nen di?n tich tam thu nhi?t la 19,42 m^ Ket qua thi nghi?m BO thu nhi?t dugc dgt hudng ve phia Nam va 1.1 Dia diem thi nghi$m nghieng 25° so vdi mgt phdng ngang Khoang each Thi nghigm tgi: Trung tdm Kilm nghi?m thulc, gi&a mdt kinh va tim thu nhi?t 20cm my pham, thyc pham Thira Thien Hul va thdn Hlnh Mgi cdt ngang bp thu nhi?l Thanh ben; T ^ thu nhi^t; M§t kinh X6p cich nhi?t ; Vich d&; Thanh dO ngang Ddng, xa An VTnh, huygn Ly San, tinh Quang Ngai gom thi nghi?m vdi logi tdi Ly Son, mdi thi nghi?m mdu: - s i y ngdy, tdi da dugc ndng hg phcri ndng tur 10 -12 ngdy trudc dd, mdi mau nang trung binh 20g - Say ngay, tdi tu me say, mdi mau ndng trung binh 20g, bao quan hgp nhya kin - siy tron^ hai ngay, vdi 240kg tdi da dugc ndng hg phai nang tir 10 -12 Tdi dugc rdi deu tren mudi hai khay say cua ba gid say, mdi khay Bg thu nhi?t dugc ddt hudng vl phia Nam vd nghieng mgt gdc 25" so vdi mat phdng ngang Khodng each giira mdt kinh vd tim thu nhi^t 20cm 14 TAP CHf CONG NGHIEP NdNG THON - SO - 2011 KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE 20kg, chia lam bon ting (1- cac khay say tren, 2, va 4- cdc khay siy dudi cung) Khay say tren cimg khdng cd tdi dugc che Igi bdng bao PP de trdnh dnh ndng tryc tiep vao cii tdi d tdng 1, gay "chin" Cdc sd lieu dugc thu thap mdi gid mgt lan, bdt diu tir gid va kit thiic vdo 16 gid, tuong ung vdi thdi gian nang 1.2 Kit qud thi nghidm a) Dg dm tuang ddi cua cu ldi truac sdy Bdng I Dg kn tuong dli ciia cu toi trudc sdy Mau rr D9 im thSn cu