KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE KET QUA NGHIEN CUU THIET KE, CHE TAO MAY CHAM QUA •b'^ m, MAN, TAO TA ^^ Le Xudn Hdo' La Mgnh Tudn ^ Trong quy trinh cong nghe chi biin mid kho, mgt nhimg cong dogn khong the Ihieu duac Id thdm thdu vd sdy kho Ddi vai moi so logi qud cd lap vo qud lien vdi thft qud nhu ldo, man, ma, de Idng khd nang thdm Ihdu vd thodt hai nudc cdc qud trinh xir ly sau thi viec chdm qud la vo cimg cdn thiel Tuy nhien hien nay, cdc mdy chdm qud co ndng sudt thdp, chdm khdng deu, hay bj ket vd di gdy ndt qud Di ndng cao ndng sudi vd chdt lirgng sdn phdm sau chdm Viin Ca dien Nong nghiep vd Cong nghe Sau thu hogch da nghien cim thiet ke, che tao thdnh cdng mdy chdm qud ma, man, tdo ta Thiit bf co ndng sudt 1000 - 1200 kg'h, ty li dgp ndt qud < 0,5%, dg sdu chdm 3-5 mm, ty le chdm diu theo dien tich xung quanh > 70% Qud sau chdm ddm bdo cdc yiu cdu ve chdt lugng vd vi sinh an todn thuc phdm cho sdn xudt mui khd RESULTS FROM STUDYING ON DESIGNE AND MANUFACTURE OF PUNCTURING MACHINE USED FOR APRICOT, PLUM, JUJUBE Le Xuan Hao', La Manh Tuan' SUMMARY In processing technology of diyed thiits, one of the indispensable stage is absorbed and dried For some fiiiits crust associated with the pulp as apples, plums, apricots it is necessary to prick to increase permeability and evaporation in the subsequent processing But now, there are a lot of machines which have low productivity of prickle, irregular prickle, often stuck and easy to break fruits To improve productivity and product quality after pricking Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Post-Harvest Technology has researched and designed successfully principles apricots, plums,, apples pricking machine This machine with a capaci^ of 1000 -1200 kg/h, crushedfiiiitsrate < 0.5%, pricked depth 3-5 mm, regularly prickle surrounding area rate > 70% Fruits pricked by the machine has gained wananty requirement for the quality assurance and food safety in manufacturing diyed fhiits LDyJ-TVANDE Mui kho la san pham truyen thong ciia dan toe ta va dugc sir dyng nhieu cac hpi he, le tet Tuy nhien, hien hau het cac ca sa che bien mut kho, mai vin chii yku la Iam thu cong vai cac trang thi6t bj sa sai, ning suit thip, khong dam bao chat lut^g va v^ sinh an toan thirc pham Vi vay de nang cao nang suat, chat lirgng va ve sinh an t o ^ thyc pham cong nghe che bien miit kho thi can phai nghien cixu, thilt k6, che tao va dira vao sir dyng cac Ihifit bi phii hgp vai timg cong dogn chl bien nhu may phan loai, may cao vo, may khia, may cham, D^i vol cong ngh? che bien miit ma, man, tao ta kho thi cong do?n cham qua c6 vai tro rat quan trpng, anh hirong 1cm d6n qua trinh tham thau va sly murt Hi?n nay, cac thiet bj cham qua thirong c6 nang suat thap, cham khong deu, hay bj dSp nat Vi vay, nghien curu thiet ke va che tao thilt bj cham qua ma, man, tao ta la viec Iam can thiet de nang cao nang suat va chat lu'png san pham mut ma, man, tao ta kho n N O I DUNCPHirONG PHAP NGHIEN ClftJ 2.1 Ngi dung nghien ciru - Xac djnh mpt s6 thong s6 ca ly cua qua: h? so ma sat tmh cua qua; lire ep pha va ket cau cua qua - Xac dinh mpt s6 thong s6 thilt ke ciia may: tdc dp quay cua Id cham; cong suat dpng ca; ndng suat cua may - C h l tgo thiet bj - Khao nghiem, danh gia kha nang l^m vi?c cQa ' TS Vi§n Co dif n nong nghiq) vS Cong ngh? sau thu hogch ^ KS, Vi^n Ca di§n nong nghidp vi Cong n^? sau thu ho?ich thilt bj TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO - 2012 KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE 2.2 Phuang phdp nghien cuu - Phirong phap chuyen gia 6k dinh gia, lira chpn nguyen ly, ket cau cua may nghien ciru - Ket qua dac cac so lieu thi nghiem dugc xu ly theo phuang phap thing ke toan hoc - Phuang phap nghien ciiru ly thuyet dugc dua tren cac nguy6n tic chung ctia cac phucmg phap Igp va giai cac bai toan ca hoc tren ca so cac dinh luat cua Niu-tan - Cac bai toan dugc khao sat theo ngon ngii Excel, table curve - Danh gid chat lugng san pham theo cac TCVN va tieu chuan nha may Ul KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Xac dinh nguyin ly cho mdy chdm qua Tir nhiing phan tich tong quan tai lieu va khao sat cdc thilt bj cham qua hi^n tai cac cong ty chl biln miit, mai va can CIJT vao yeu cau cong ngh? chl bien miit qua chi can cham hai mat ben nhihig 16 co dp sau nhat djnh, de tai da chpn nguyen ly umg dyng lyc quan tinh ly tam dl tinh toan thiet kl may cham qua May co cau tgo kilu hai 16 quay ngugc chieu nhau, nhu tren hinh kim cham thirc hien cham vdo phan thjt qua, duoi tdc dung ciia luc qudn ti'nh ly tam, qua thodt khdi 16 cham va rai xu6ng mdng thoat li?u (5) ngoai 3.2 Xac dinh mgt so thong so thiet ki cua mdy 3.2.1 Xde dinh luc ep phd •i^ vd he so ma sdt cua qud vdi cao su, inox Qua nghien cuu thuc nghiem, chiing tdi da xac dinh dugc he s6 ma sdt cCia qua vdi bang cao su, inox va luc ep phd va ket cau qua Ket qua dugc trinh bay bang Bdng Lux: ep phd va vd hi sd ma sdt ciia qud vdi cao su, inox Chi tieu H? so ma sSt v6i bane cao su H^ so ma sat vdi mat inox L^Ic dp phd vO kit cau qua, N Mo I)6i tvcatiE Tdota Mgn 0,39 - 0,46 0.35 - 0,38 0,30 - 0,36 0,33 - 0,39 0,28 - 0,31 0,24-0,28 32-38 35-56 32-50 Nhu v|ty, tinh todn ly thuyet thiet ke mdy, dl qua khong bj thay d6i ket cau ta phai chpn luc ep ngogi lyc F < 32 N va he s6 ma sat Idn nhat fms = 0,46 3.2.2 Xac dfnh dudng kinh Id chdm Do tren Id cham co gdn rit nhieu kim nen qua trinh cham cdc kim se elm sau vao qua, cac Id quay va keo qua theo chieu quay cua Id cham va neu dudng kinh 16 cham cang Idn thi dp sau cham ciia qua cang deu va t6c dp quay eiia Id cham se nhd ban Qua thi nghi?m tham dd thyc tl, chgn dudng kinh Id cham khoang D^ = 120 -5- 240 mm 3.2.3 Xac dinh toe auav 16 chdm |F Hmh I Sa nguyen ly mdy chdm qud I - D$ng co; 2, - Lo chSm; - M4ng cap li^u; - Mdng thodt lieu Nguyen ly boat dpng: Dpng ca {I) dan dpng, cdc 16 chdm (2) va (4) CO gin cac kim cham quay ngugc chieu nhau, qua dugc cap vao pheu cap (3) qua cira rai xu6ng khe hd cua hai Id Do hai Id quay ngugc chi£u nen cudn qua xudng phia mdng thodt li?u va d6ng thai cac Hinh Sa 1{K chdm qud, F = Gia sir ta cham qua tdo dang hinh cau cd dudng kinh Dq = 35mm, khdi lugng mgt qua m = 0,02 kg TAP CHf CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 2012 - KHOA H O C - CONG N G H E va dudng kinh 16 cham D^ = 160 mm, dd gdc kepx=35'' (1) Cong suat dgng ca cho Id quay dugc tinh theo cdng thiic: N = 2MM^ (2) Trong do: N - cdng suit cua dgng ca chu dgng, W; m - van toe gdc Id cham, rad/s; Mc - md men can tgi cac tiep diem, Nm Mc dugc tinh theo cdng thirc: Mc = F^R (3) Trong do: F,„ - lire ma sdt d tiep diem, N; R - bdn kinh 16 chdm, m Trgng lire ciia qua dugc tinh theo cdng thuc: Pq = mg Trong do: m - khdi lugng ciia qua, kg; g - gia toe trpng truang, m/s' Ta xet h? luc can bang theo true tga dp Oy: fi"g F^=: 2/cos(^/2) + 2sin{^/2) (4) Trong f la he so ma sat Be mdy cd the lam viec dugc, dieu kien bit buoc: SY = Onen M > M hay — > F R ' 15P } •" IS/* TTiay (4) vao (5) ta dugc: ^ ^ P | / c o s U / ) + sm(;ir/2)] ^^^ Trong dd n la tdc dp quay 16 cham, vdng/phut Mat khdc ta co lire quan tinh ly tam F|, ciia qua: F|j=ma)2R (7) Trong dd w la van tdc goc ciia 16 cham, rad/s: njT (8) 30 De qua sau cham cd thi thodt ngoai va khong bj dap ndt thi: F„SF, Anh hudng so vong quay cua cua Id chdm I chdt lugng tdo sau chdm Ket qud thi nghi?m dugc the hien tren bang vd dd thi hinh Bdng Anh hudng cua so vong quay din chi tieu chdt lugng tdo sau chdm So vong quav cua lo chSm, v/ph 50 100 150 200 250 300 49,5 87.2 98,3 99.4 98,9 98,7 40,8 85.4 97.6 98,5 98,6 98.8 44,7 77,6 98,0 98.7 99,5 98,6 45,0 83.4 98,0 98,0 99,0 98,7 SLSP (%) NLl NL2 NL3 TB )sa2 x'- 350 98,2 98.5 98.6 98,4 •as5r —Pdj.tlb] n- toe £ quajr.vong/ phut Hmh Anh hudng ciia so vdng quay den chdt htmtg mgn sau chdm CItM laWQ SP,% t / / •^ / ' = D3Cie va Thiet bj - Vien Ca dien n6ng nghiep vd C6ng nghe sau thu hogeh 3.5.2 Kit qud khdo nghiem ddnh gid khd ndng ldm viec cua mdy chdm qud Tiln hanh khdo nghiem va ddnh gid khd nang ldm viec cua may tren ddi tugng qua man Tam Hoa Ket qua khao nghiem dugc the hi^n bdng Bdng Kit qud khdo nghiem ddnh gid khd ndng ldm viec cua mdy chdm qud TT Chi tieu Nang su5t k p ^ Ty le dap nat % Dp sau cham, mm Ty 1^ cham deu theo dien tich xung quanh % Yeu cau che tao 1.000 0,5 3-5 70 Ket qua khao nghiem 1.050.2 0.46 3.3 71.8 E>anh gia Phil Phil Phil Phil hop hop hop hgp Nhdn xet: - Mdy lam \ iec dn djnh, van hanh an todn, dl thao thae \ e sinh sau lam \ iec: - San pham ciia may ddp ung dugc yeu cdu ciia ca sd sdn suat; - Cac ket qud khao n^iem eiia thilt bj phii hgp vdi cdc yeu cau ehe tgo IV KET LUAN Dd lua chpn dugc nguyen l\' thilt kl, ehe tao may cham qua ma, man, tao ta lam nguyen lieu eho san xult mut khd Thiet bi c6 nang suat 1000 - 1200 kg/h, i\ 1? dap nat < 0,5%, sau eham - mm ty Ie cham deu theo dien tich xung quanh dgt tren 70% San phdm sau cham dam bao cac yeu clu dinh duong, an toan ve sinh thuc phdm cho sdn xudt mirt khd 2- Thiet bj de su dung, van hdnh an toan, gia thdnh thdp, phti h ^ voi dieu kien san xudt miit kho mai tgi cac ea sa sdn xudt d niroe ta hien Hinh Mdy chdm qud dang vgn hdnh xuung sdn xudt TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1.1^ Xuan Hao, f)oan Xuan Thin, 2007 MEO' eit lat dira Thdng tin Co dien nong nghiep va che bien nong lam san Hoi Ca nong nghiep Viet Nam, sl 11 £>oan Xuan Tliin, Le Xuan Hao, 2005 May cSt lat khoai lay Thong tin CCT dien nong nghiep vd che bioi nong lam san, Hpi Ca nong nghiep Viet Nam, s6 3 Le Xuan Hao, Luong Quy Cirong, Doan Xuan Thin, 2002 Co sd ly thuylt xac djnh mpt s6 thong so b$ phan cit lot mong khoai tay kilu trdng ly tam Hoi thao qude te ve co gioi hoa Nong n^iep, nhOng van de uu tien giai doan phat triln mdi NXB Nong nghi?p Ha Noi NguyIn Nhu Thung, L« Nguyen Duong, Rian U, Nguyen Van Khde, 1987 May va Thilt bj chl b i ^ thirc dn ehan nudi Nhd xuat tidn khoa tipc ky thulL 5.1 A Xokolov 1976 Ca sd thilt kl m ^ san xudt thvc pham (NguyIn Trong The dieh) Nha xuSi ban Khoa hoc KJ thuat Ngiriri phan bien: TS Dodn ?Qian Hlin TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO - 2012 ... 15P } •" IS/* TTiay (4) vao (5) ta dugc: ^ ^ P | / c o s U / ) + sm(;ir/2)] ^^^ Trong dd n la tdc dp quay 16 cham, vdng/phut Mat khdc ta co lire quan tinh ly tam F|, ciia qua: F|j=ma)2R (7) Trong... HayrLc = 6i)kmimD^ (12) Ddi vdi day diuyen chl bien mirt kho tan nguyen lieu/ngay Ihi nang suit may cham Q > 625 kg/h Vdi man, tao ta, ma cd dtrdng kinh trung binh dq = 35 mm, khdi lugng trung... Idn hem tan nguyen lieu/ ngay, an toan m ^ Iam viec ta chgn Lq = 0,15-0,20 m 3.3 Mpt so kit qud nghien ciru thuc nghiem Vdi mdi loai qua se cd lire ma sdt cham khdc nhau, vi vgy lire ly tam de