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KHOA HQC - CONG NGHlf KET QUA NGHIEN CUU THIET KE CHE TAO VA THlf NGHIEM C\ LO DOT TRAU THEO NGUYEN LY XOAY LY TAM ' %^ Chu Van Thien' Nguyin Xuan Thuy ^ TOM TAT Bdi bdo gidi lhi§u kit qud nghien cthi thiit ke vd chi tgo Id ddt trau lheo nguyen ly xody ly tdm quy md 50 - 80 kg Irdu /h Trdu ducrc dfnh hrang bdng vit ldi vdi so vdng quay dieu chinh duuc lir 20 - 40 v/ph, vd dirac ngp vdo budng ddt bdng dgng vdi liru luang thdp nhdt 839 m^/h Luu hrang sa cdp 900 m^/h duac cdp bdi qugt ly tam ddng ca 2,2 kW vdi toe 21,5 m/s Khi ihu cdp dirac cdp nha qugt gid cd lm luang 500-600 m^/h; 0,75 klV duac lach ihanh ddng: 410 m^/h ten budng ddt phti vdi toe dg 19.6 m/s, vd 120 m^/h vdi tdc dg 13 m/s vao budng ihu h-o di ldm mdt ghi vd ngugi tro Budng ddl duac ldm bdng vgt liiu chju lira vdi vd thep, kich thu&c budng ddl chinh DxH = 1.1 x 1,7 mvd budng ddt phy DpXHp = 0,56x 1,35 m Ghi Id bdng gang chiu nhiel du&ng kinh 0870 be ddy 30 mm vdi h? so thodt 8,6 % Tro duac xd bdng cdnh ggt quay v&i tdc 5-30 v/ph sau dd duac thdo nhd vil ldi vdi toe 30 v/ph Nhi^t dg tdm Id dgt cao nhdt (845 - 87(fC) khi sa cdp dgi 750 m^/h vd thu cdp lif 290 - 360 ni^/h, cho hiiu sudt Id dgi 82,7 - 82,9% Ld cd thi ddl tdl iuang Irdu cdp ien den 120 kg/h Tir khoa: Ld ddl, ly tdm, sa cdp, ihu cdp, chdi bde DESIGN, MANUFACTURE A CYCLONIC HUSK FURNACE AND RESEARCH ON CYCLONIC HUSK BURNING TECHNOLOGY Chu Van Thien ', Nguyen Xuan Thuy' SUMMARY This paper shows the research results of design, manufacture a cyclonic husk furnace with husk consumption of 50-80 kgs per hour, and research on cyclonic burning technology An auger with regulable rotation from 20 - 40 rpm is used to supply husk After auger, husk is blown to the burning chamber by minimum air volume of 839 m'/h Primary air of 900 m^/h is supplied by a centrifugal fan with in-tube air velocity of 21.5 m/s using electric motor 2.2 kW Secondary air of 500-600 mVli is provided by a centrifiigal fan using electric motor 0.75 kW This secondary air volume is divided into ways: one of 410 m'/h with velocity 19.6 m/s to supplementaiy burning chamber, and other of 120 m^/h with velocity 13 m/s to ash chamber for cooling grate and ash Burning chambers are fabricated with refractory and steel in outer layer Dimension of main burning chamber is D x H = 1.1 x 1.7 m, and of supplementary burning chamber is Dp xHp = 0.56 x 1.35 m Grate with an opening ratio of 8.6 % is made of cast iron with diameter of 870 mm, and 30 mm thick Ash is forced to fall to collecting chamber by rotating a bar above the grate, then is discharged by using an auger with rotation of 30 v/ph Burning area temperature gains maximum of 845 - 870°C when primary air volume of 750 m^/h, and secondary air of 290 - 360 m^/li, then furnace efficiency is 82.7 - 82.9% This fiimace works well with husk consumption up to 120 kgs per hour Keywords: Burner, centrifiigal, primary air, secondary air, volatile matter I DAT VAN DE Trong cac loai phe thai nong nghiep, triu la loai phe thai ddng quan tam nhat co trG lugng nhieu, va tinh dac thii rieng Trau la phe lieu cua mgt qud trinh chl biln quy mo lon nen CO tinh tap trung eao Hipn nay, san Iugng thoc ciia ca nuac gan 42 trieu tan/nam Voi ty le 20%, lugng trdu tuong duong khoang tren trieu tan/nam Hien triu chua duoc dimg hit, phin lon ^ang lam nhilm moi truang mgt each nghiem So sanh triu vai hai dang nhien lieu hoa thach dang duge sir dung nhilu san xuat thiy rdng: su dyng kg than da hit 4.000 d thi chi phi d l eo dugc ciing mgt lugng nhiet nang nhu vay (25 MJ), chi mit 342 d nlu su TS Vi^nca dien nong nghiep va cons nghe STH j - u- i 11- ^^ ^ L- i,' ThS Vis„ ca dien n6„g nghifp va cong nghe STH ''^ng trau, thap hon 11,7 lan Tticmg tu, ch, phi TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 • 2013 '^ KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Sli dung triu re hon dimg diu diesel 43 lin Do vEiy, neu triu dugc dlt ldm nguon cung cap nang lugng sg giai quyet dugc khong nhijng ve sy thieu hut nguon nhien lieu hien ma giai quyet dugc vdn de ve moi truang nong nghiep Da CO nhieu nghien cuu de tim cde nguySn ly d6t eiing nhu kieu dang 16 dk dlt triu mgt each hieu qua Ciing da co nhung thilt bi de ep trau cui a nhieu nuac va hien eiing dang dugc sir dung dong bdng song Ciiu Long Tuy nhien, viec ep triu doi hoi ehi phi mgt nang lugng kha lon Viec sii dung triu roi se kinh te hon rat nhieu va dde biet tien lgi sir dung tai co so xay xat liia gao Co nhieu nguyen ly dot trau rai duge gioi thieu, song nguyen ly dot hieu qua thi gap tro ngai ve chi phi diu tu va van hanh, nguyen ly dot don gian vai chi phi thap thi hieu suat dot khong cao Lo dot kieu xoay ly tam dd dugc nghien ciiu va phat trien kha hieu qua a Thdi Lan, vay de tai "Nghien ciiu thiet ke, che tao va thir nghiem 16 dot trau theo nguyen ly xody Iy tam quy mo 50 - 80 kg trau/gio" dugc dat de co the nam bat va lam chu dugc nguyen ly dot n NQl DUNG VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Vat lieu Triu dugc mua tir nha may xay xdt co thdnh phin ghi bangl, dugc phan tich tai Phong thi nghiem cua Vien Hoa hoc - Truong Dai hgc Bach Khoa Bdng Thdnh phdn cua trdu nguyen lieu Thanh p h k Cacbon Co dinh, % Gia tri 12,65 Chatb6c,% 62,1 Do im % 11,87 Tro, % 13,38 C tone s6, % 34,17 Nhilt tri, KJ/kg 14.383 (3.436 KCal/kg) T* trong, kg/m^ 116 2.2 Thiet bi - D6ng hi nhiet 16 STYB, dai tir - 1200''C dimg de nhiet viing ehay Can nhiet ciia dong ho duge dat vao vi tri viing ehay (vimg tam 16) Tin hieu dugc truyen qua day dan va hien thi tren dong ho - Thilt bi tic gio TESTO 445, dai 0,6 - 40 m/s diing de toe gio so c%> vd thii c^ - Dong ho hien thi OMRON dugc lap tren mdt til dien dieu khien voi can nhiet lap o vi tri ong nhiet sau klii da dugc hoa de xac dinh nhiet nong sau h6a trgn, phyc vu cho viec tinh loan xae dinh hieu suat cua 16 2.3 Noi dung nghien cihi Tim hieu tong quan cac nghien euu va img dung cua cac loai 16 dot trau/ sinh khoi hien tren the giai va nuac, phan tieh nguyen ly va uu nhugc diem cua timg loai 16, lua chgn nguyen Iy dot kieu xoay ly tam - Thiet ke, che tao, lap rap va van hanh thir 16 dot mau 16 dot trau theo cong nghe xoay ly tam quy mo 50-80 kg trau/h - Nghien cuu thuc nghiem anh huong ctia luu Iugng dong so cap va thii cap den hieu suat ciia 16 2.4 Phuong phap nghien ciru a) Phuang phdp linh todn ihiet ke mdy vd chi tiet mdy Dya tren Iugng nhien lieu can dot qua nhiet tri va cac phan hoa, eo ly tinh cua nhien lieu (trau) va tro trau, tinh todn dugc the tich buing dot Tir yeu cau cap va dot theo nguyen ly xoay ly tam, sir dung cac cong thtie tinh toan xielon va cac gia trj yeu cau ve toe gio cira vao, cira de tinh toan ducmg kinh buong dot, duong kinh ong cap trau Dya vao lugng tro thu dugc, tinh toan thiet ke bg phan xa va thao tro cho hgp Iy de tri qua trinh chay on dinh - Bo tri thi nghiem: + Vai muc tieu xac dinh cong nghe dot theo nguyen Iy xoay Iy tam, nen tat ea cde thi nghiem tri mgt lugng cap trau nhat dinh, va duge cap a mirc nang suat toi da theo thilt ke la 80 kg/h, va Iuu Iugng sau h6a trgn ciing dugc tri muc 14.112 m% nha cl dinh van gio ctia dieu chinh h6a TAP CHl C6NG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 - 2013 KHOA HOC - CONG NGH|; + Cac thi nghiem dot dugc tien hanh theo phuong phap thyc nghiem don yeu to de tim chl dlt hgp ly Moi thi nghiem se xac dinh nhiet tam 16, nhiet ra, tir xac dinh hieu suit dlt voi timg chl cdp vao 16 Vi vay, cac thi nghiem se tifin hanh v6i sy thay doi cua tic dg dong so cip khac tuong ling vai timg tic dg d6ng thii eip miie khac Cac tic d6ng dugc xae dinh truoc tuang ung vai vi tri canh van Sau m6i thi nghiem, vi tri cac van cua duong cdp sg duge thiet lap lai tuong ling voi tic d6ng cho thi nghiem tiep theo Viec thay dli vi tri van bang each quay tay, quay dua canh van ve vi tri so tuong img ghi tren vanh chia ni KET QUA vA THAO LU^N 3.1 Thiet k^ mlu 16 dot trau theo cong nghf xoay ly tam • Hinh Sa dd nguyen ly thiit ke Id ddt xody ly tdm Phlu chiia tr^u; Do ph§n dinh lugng trdu; H? thdng cSp triu vk d p Ichi so c4p: H^ thdng d p kh! thii c ^ ; Bu&ng d6t; Ghi 16, Ca d u xa tro; H? thfing thdo tro; BO phan di£u chinh h6a khi; 10 H? thing htit khJ nfeig; 11 Vi tri nhi9t dfi t&n 16; 12 Vi tri nhi^Id$ sau hoa trgn + B I day lap tro tren ghi cac thi nghiem dugc tri 300 - 500 mm bdng cdch dat toe quay ciia gat a 12 v/ph Dong duoi ghi dugc chgn va dat eo dinh bang 120 m /h b) Phuangphdp thu thdp so lieu: Timg luu lugng gio cira quat dugc tuong img o timg vi tri cua van duge tinh toan quy doi toe gi6 6ng dan thong qua tiet dien ong Nhiet moi truang va nhiet Hinh Ld ddl xody ly ldm quy md 50- 80 kg nong dau dugc xdc dinh va ghi lai thong trdu/giaduac ihiet ke qua dong ho nhiet dien tir a) He thong cap nhien lieu: c) Phuang ph^ phdn tich tiidng kexutyso lieu Trau thung chira se qua bg phan dinh d) Phucmg phdp xdc dinh hieu sudt: lugng theo nang suat dot yeu cau, sau dugc Sir dung phuang phdp gian tiep de xdc dinh cap vao buong dot hieu suat 16 dot thong qua eong thiie tinh toan + Bg phan dinh lugng: can bang nhiet dya tren cac so lieu phan tieh, Dya vao dac tinh tho rap cua vo triu va hinh thu thap va dac Cong thiie tinh hieu suat dang, kich thuac manh ciia triu rai, lua chgn nhu sau [5]: nguyen ly dinh Iugng bdng vit tai dl tranh ket, tranh :^x(7;-r|) tao vom thiing chira, va dl dai^ dieu chinh ^xl00% n,j-m, xc, nang suat nho viec dieu chinh tie ciia vit Vit tai dugc thiSt kl tren co so nang suat Trong do: cap trau yeu cau co thl thay dli tir 50 - 80 kg/h mk - Lugng (da h6a trgn), kg/h Ck - Nhiet dungriengeiia khong khi, kJ/kg.''C Cong thiic tinh toan nang suit (Q) vit tai nhu sau: mi - Lugng trau cap, kg/h Q=4^"-^").s-p.n-(,DcJ C[ - Nhiet tri ciia trau, kj/kg Tir nang suat (Q) y^u cau, ty trgng trau p, Tl - Nhiet vao (moi truong), "C ehgnD= 120 mm va d = 42 mm, liy s = 96 mm, T2 - Nhiet (da h6a trgn), °C TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 - 2013 KHOA HOC - C N G N G H $ xac dinh dugc s6 vong quay cua vit tai nhu sau: n = 24,3 va 38,9 v/ph tucmg tag vcri luong cap 50 va 80 kg/h Cong suit dgng ca din dpng dugc tinh: , Q(L.Kc + H)Kz =n,4SVW 367 j ; Chgn dgng eg hop s6 vo cap co cong suat 0,5 IcW, t6c diSu chinh tir 20 - 40 v/ph + Bg phan cap trau: Dua tren dac diem cua nguyen lieu trau va dac tinh ca ly cua vo trau cting nhu nguyen ly d6t xgay ly tam, lua chgn phuang phap cap dgng theo phuang tiep tuyen vol buong dot Bk triu dugc cip vao a dang xoay ly tam bu6ng d6t va lang xuong duai chay h^t, ap dung nguyen tic ling bang xielon thi van t6c t6i thi6u khoi ong cap phai dat t6i thiSu 15-20 m/s Chgn duong kinh ong nap triu la 121,8 mm thi luu lugng cap toi thiSu tinh dugc: Q = 839 m'/h b) He th5ng cip so cip, thu cap: Dua tren dac tinh cua nhien Ueu va kl thira cac s6 lieu nghien ciru cua nhieu tac gia va ngoai nuoc, chgn ty le kh! du la 350% [3] TCt lugng triu t6i da 80 kg/h tinh dugc lugng t6ng cin cip la: Q = 1410 m-'/h + He thdng cip so cip La lugng chinh cho qua trinh chay va thucmg liy bjng 63-64% tflng lugng cap [3, 5] Tinh dugc Qs > 888,3 m^/h, thoa man diSu kien dam bao lugng cho he thfing cap nhien lieu kieu dgng Chgn quat ly tam luu lugng 900 m'/h; 2,2 kW T6C dong ong cip triu dugc tinh lai la: v = 21,5 m/s + He th6ng cip thil cap T6ng luu lugng dong thu cap bang: 1410 - 900 = 510 m'/h, chgn quat ly tam 500600 m'/h; 0,75 kW Lugng thii cip dugc tach lam hai dong: Mgt dong dugc dua vao bufing dfit phu ik dfit chit hoc, va mfit dong dua xuong ducri bufing tro (duai ghi) de lam ngufii tro va mat ghi 16 Dong vao bufing dfit phu cung dugc cap a dang tigp tuyfin vai dfi ho trg xgay dim cac tap chit nho hoac bui tro xufing, do ciing phai dam bao tfic tfii thieu tit 15-20 m/s So bg liy tfic dfi dong thii cip bang van tfic dong so cip la 21,5 m/s, tinh dugc duomg kinh fing dan len bufing dfit phu la: dp = 0,082 m Chgnfingthep O90 x mm va tinh lai tfic dfi thuc ciia dong thir cap: Vp = 19,6 m/s Dong dua vao bufing tro co luu lugng Q„=120 m'/h c) Thiit ke bufing dot va ghi lo: Dua tren dac tinh co ly ciia vo trau va ket qua phiin tich va phan hoa ly cua mau triu dk tinh toan thiet ke bufing dot + Bufing dot Thfi tich bufing dfit dugc xac djnh dua tren tfic nap nhien lieu, nhiet tri va nhiet the the tich bufing lira ciia nhien lieu: F=e^,m^
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