Thiết kế chế tạo và thử nghiệm thiết bị chần cá cơm hoạt động theo nguyên lý liên tục

KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE THIET KE CHE TAO VA THlf NGHIEM THIET Bj CHAN CA COM HOAT DONG THEO NGUYEN LY LIEN TUC Le Anh Birc , Nguyen Thanh Phong TOM TAT Nghiin cuu dtrgc thuc hien nhdm tinh todn thiel ke va che tgo thiet bi chdn cd cam hogt dgng theo nguyen ly chdn lien tuc ndng sudt 20 kg/h Kit qud tinh todn thiet ke dd xdc dinh duffc cdc thdng sd cua thiit hi chdn, cdc thdng sd van hdnh cua thiit bi dugc cdi dgt vd gidm sdt tu ddng theo yeu cdu su dung Thiit bi chdn cd cam dd dugc chi tgo theo cdc kit qud linh todn Trin ca sa ddnh gid chdt luffng cd cam sau chdn, kit qud khdo nghiam tgi cdc mirc nhiit dg chdn 85 - 95"C vd thdi gian chdn 60 -180 gidy da xdc dinh dugc che chdn phii hgp tgi nhiet dg chdn 85°C vd thdi gian chdn Id 120 giay, cd cam sau chdn cd hdm lugng dgm tdng dgt 3,69%, chdt lugng ddnh gid cdm quan dgt yiu cdu, chi phi di^n ndng rieng cho qud trinh chdn 0,135 kWh/kg cd cam Tie khod: cdcam, nhi^t dg chdn, thdi gian chdn, chi phi di0n ndng rieng STUDY ON DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING AND TESTING OF CONTINUOUS PARBOILING MACHINE FOR ANCHOVY Le Anh Due', Nguyen Thanh Phong^ SUMMARY This study was performed to design and manufacture a continuous steamer for anchovy The continuous steamer for anchovy with capacity of 20 kg/hour was manufactured based on calculating parameters The operating parameters ofthe steamer are installed and monitored automatically Based on assessment quality of steamed anchovy, the experimental results at steaming temperature range form 85 °C to 95 °C and steaming time range from 60 seconds to 180 seconds determined the suitable steaming regime at steaming temperature of 85X and steaming time of 120 seconds, the quality of anchovy met Vietnamese standard, protein content of steamed anchovy reaches 3.69%, specific electric consumption for steam process of 0.135 kWh/kg Keywords: Anchovy, steaming temperature, steaming time, specific energy consumption I DAT VAN DE Ca com la loai ca cd chiia rat nhieu dam, ciia ca khdng bi hoac it bi bien ddi, qua trinh chdt beo loai Oiiiega-3, cac khoang chat nhu chan (xii ly nhiet) cdn lam thay ddi cau true thit canxi, sdt, selenium va cac vi chat dinh dudng ca gliip qua trinh lam khd ca d cong doan ke khac Ci nudc ta, ca cam tap trung nhieu t^i cac tiep dien nhanh han, ngoai tac dung cua tinh midn Tnmg va Nam Bp, dac biet d cac nhiet lam giam lugng vi sinh vat bam tren vung bien Quang Ngai, Ninh Thuan, Phii Yen, b i m a t cua ca [2] Nha Trang, Phan Thilt, Vung Tau, Phu Qudc j u y nhlen thuc t l hien tai cac ca sd chl va day la loai hai san dac trung ciia cac tinh bjgn ca cam, viec c h ^ ca dugc thuc hien thu Trong quy trinh che bien ca com khd yeu cdng theo tung me, nhiet nudc chdn va thdi cdu phai qua cong doan chan ca com truoc gjan chan ca la hai yeu t6 quylt dinh din chat phoi hoac sdy kho Muc dfch ciia cdng doan lircmg ca sau chdn dugc xac dinh bdng kinh chan la lam vd hoat cac enzyme de lara ngung nghiem cua ngudi thao tac Ben canh dd, dac qua trinh sinh hoa xay ca, giu mau sac thii ciia viec chdn ca theo me nen chit lugng ca ' PGS.TS Tmong Dai hpc Nong lam TP.H6 Chi Minh ^ThS Tnrong D^i hpc N6ng lam TP.H6 Chi Minh cua moi me chan rat khac va chdt lugng ca mpt me chan cung khac Ngoai TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 19 - 2015 I KHOA HQC - CONG NGHJl - Cac tham so thdng ke nhu gia tri trung binh, dg lech chuein, khoang tin cay dugc sir dung dl xu 1;^ cdc kit qua thirc nghiem Kilm tra sy khac bi?t cua cac s6 U?u thi nghiem vl mat thong ke dugc xu 1;^ bdng phuong phap LSD (Least Significant Difference - Gidi han sai khac nhd nhdt) - Vat lieu chan la ca cam tuoi, chilu dai trung binh cua thdn ca 60 - 65 mm Dung dich chdn la dung dich nudc mudi ndng 3% Chdt luong ca com sau chdn dugc kiem dinh ham lugng dam tdng theo TCVN 8134:2009, kilm tra E.coli theo TCVN 6848:2001 va ddnh gia cam quan ve chin va nguyen ven cua ca sau chdn [4] III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Ket qua tinh toan thiet ke va che tao a) Cac sd lieu thiet ke ban ddu; Nang suat thiet ke 20 kg/h, hoat ddng theo nguySn ly chan lien tuc Viec tmh toan thilt ke budng chan dua vao B6n chan dun sdi dung dich nudc bdng dlSn ly thuyet tinh toan may van chuyen lien tuc trd, nhiet dung dich chdn: 95''C dang bang tdi, nang sudt thiSt ke, thdi gian chan Thdi gian chdn: phiit (khoang thdi gian tir va khdi lugng the tich cua ca cam ; tinh toan ca com ngap vao dung dich chdn cho dSn cdng sudt bg gia nhiet dua vao iugng nhiet cdn khdi dung dich chdn) Tuy nhien, thiet thiet, lugng nhiet tdn that ; cac thiet bi dan ke yeu cdu phai (Seu chinh dugc thdi gian chdn ddng dugc tinh toan theo ly thuyet tinh toan chi theo yeu cau phgm vi dao ddng tii - phiit tiet may va hS ddn ddng co [3] b) Kit qua xac dinh nguyen ly cau tao va - Phuang phap che tao: dua vao yeu cdu ky nguyen ly lam viec cua may: Nguyen ly cdu tao ciia thiet bi chdn ca cam thuat ciia ban ve thiet ke, may dugc che tao don chiec theo timg hg chi tiet dien hinh Mdt s6 chl hoat ddng theo nguyen ly chdn lien tuc dugc tiet tieu chudn dugc chpn mua tren thi trudng trlnh bay tren hinh Dpng CO (14) hoat ddng keo bang tdi (2) - Phuong phap dac thuc nghiem: cdc thdng sd cd the true tiep nhu nhiet do, chuyln dgng, dilu chinh tdc ciia ddng ca vdn toe bang tai chdn dupc dac bdng cac bdng biln tdn (15) Cai dat nhiet dg cho bdn dung cu chuyen dung, cac thdng sd cdn lai chdn, dien trd (10) hoat d^ng dun ndng dung dupc xac djnh thong qua cac cdng thiic quy ddi dich chdn din nhi^t cai dat Ca cam dugc cap Thdi gian chan dugc xac dinh dua vao van tdc len bang tai tgi vi tri cua vao bdn chdn Bang tai bang tai chan thdng qua bien tdn ma hlSu Invt (2) se tai ca cam di chuyln di ngdp vao dung CHFIOOA, tdn sd 0-120 Hz dich chdn qua sudt chilu dai bdn chdn (11) va di TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 19 • 2015 ngudi van hanh phai lam vi|c moi trudng rdt ndng hue va nguy hilm D I giai quylt cac tdn tai neu tren nham giam lao dgng nang nhpc cho ngudi van hanh, nang cao nang sudt va chat lupng ca sau chdn, dam bao ve sinh an toan thirc pham va dap ling dupc yeu cdu xuat khau thi viec xay dung cdng nghe va thilt bi chdn nguyen lieu ca com cho cac ca sd chl bien ca com nhdm phuc vu nhu cdu tieu dimg cang tang cua thi trudng nudc va xuat khdu sang cac nudc khac tren the gidi la rat cdn thiet n PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ - Phuang phap tinh toan thiet ke: ke thua cong trinh nghien ciiu cd liSn quan den pham vi nghiSn ciiu Tham khao cac tai lieu chuyen nganh, cdng nghe va thiet bj chan hien dang dugc sii dung, cac dac tinh cua ca com, ly thuylt vl truyen nhiet [l] de lam co sd cho viec tinh toan va thiet ke KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE Ctra vao m^ w""v^m Hinh Nguyen ly cdu tgo thiet bi ckdn cd cam Tang chu dong; Bang tai chan bing lirdi inox; Nap bon chija dung djch chSn; Con ISn gift bSng tai; Tang bi d^ng; Tryc cang bang tai; Khung dd bon ch^n 6ng xa dung dich; Khung thilt bj; 10 CAc dien trit; 11 B6n chiia dung dich; 12 Cdc cam bien nhi?t dp; 13 Bp dieu khiln; 14 B6ng ca; 15 Bien tan het chieu dai bdn chan Cd cam dugc chan chin Id 800 X 220 X 100 mm, lugng dung dich can va di chuyen ngoai d phia ciia Ben duoi thiet chiia bdn la 12 lit, lugng nudc bdn chan dugc bo tri van xa nudc nham thao bd vua du de ngdp ldp ca com dl qua bdn chdn nudc sau moi dgt chan va ve sinh bdn chdn Ben tren bdn chan cd nap de han che sir thdt Nhiet dp cua nudc dung dich chan dupc cdi dat, thoat nhiet qua trinh chan Ket qua tinh todn nhiet lupng: bao gdm hien thi vd gidm sat tu dpng nhiet lirgng can thiet de lam ndng ca den nhiet c) Ket qua tinh toan thiet ke: Bang tai chdn ca com dugc thiet kS dang chan la 1072 kJ, nhiet lugng de lam ndng bang phang bang ludi uiox 304 cd dudng kinh nudc va tri nhiet dp nudc qua trinh sgi mm de van chuyen ca cam qua bon chan chan 8634 kJ, nhiet lupng tdn thdt qua vach bon Can Cli vao khdi lupng the tich cua ca, kich chan 165 kJ, lam ndng bang tai va cac bd phan thudc ca, nang suat thiet ke va thdi gian chdn, ca 121 kJ Vdy tdng cdng suat cdn thiet ket qua tinh toan xac dinh dupc chieu rpng bang cung cap cho thiet bi chdn la 2,78 kW Chpn tai 200 mm, van tdc bang tai 0,005 m/s Chieu dien trd hinh chii U, cdng suat moi dien trd la dai phdn bang tai chdn ngap dung dich 0,6 kW va bd tri dan deu dien trd tai vi tri day chan la 600 mm, Vdi be day ldp ca cam tren ciia bdn chan Can Cli vao ket qua tinh toan tai trgng tren bang la 10 mm thi tai trgng vdt Heu tren met met chieu dai bang tai, lyc can chuyen ddng va chieu dai bang la 1,4 kg/m Vach bdn chiin cau tao gdm ldp, ldp ngoai lyc keo cang bang da xac dinh dugc cdng suat la inox day 0,4 mm, gjGa la ldp each nhiet day 20 ddng ca truyen dpng cho bang tdi chdn la 0,1 mm va vach la inox day 0,8 mm Bdn chua kW Sd vdng quay cua tang ddn dpng la 0,8 dung dich chan cd kich thudc: dai x rdng x cao TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 19 - KHOA HQC - CONG NGH$ vdng/phiit, tuong ling vdi van tdc bang tai chdn la 0,005 m/s v l qua trinh cap va thao lieu ca com, nghien ciiu d dang md hinh nen viec cap va thao lieu ca cam dupc thyc hien bang tay Tai vi tri bang tai d dau cap lieu, ca com dugc rai deu len bang tai vdi chieu day tuong duong hai ldp ca Tai vi tri ddu lieu, ca cam thdnh phdm dugc thu bang mang hiing Bg dieu khien dugc tinh todn thiet ke ddm bao cdng sudt ciia thiet bi, cd the cai dat, hien thi va giam sat nhiet dd ciia dung dich chin Van toe bang tai chdn dugc dilu chinh bdng biln thn hi$u SLANVERT, model SB70G2.2D2, pham vi - 650 Hz, dam bao dilu chinh dugc vgn tdc bang chan theo yeu cdu d) Ket qua che tao: Tir cac ket qua tinh toan va bg bdn ve thilt ke, thiet bi chan ca cam hogt ddng theo nguyen ly chan Hen tuc da dupc chl tao va ldp rap hoan chinh the hien trdn hinh Hinh Thiet bi hdp cd cam ndng sudt 20kg/h 3.2 Ket qua khao nghifm Kit qua khao nghiem sa bd cho thdy thilt bi chdn lam viec dn dinh, khdng xay hien tupng rd ri nudc cua bdn chdn, bang tai chdn chay em diu, khdng bi lech, bd dilu khiln va giam sat qua trinh chdn hoat ddng dat yeu cdu thilt kl Vdi luong nudc dung dich chdn la 12 lit theo tinh toan thilt kl, kit qua thi nghidm da cho thdy sau 18 phiit gia nhiet thi nhiet dp dung dich chdn dat 95°C, gdn diing vdi kit qud tinh toan thiet ke - Bd tri thi nghiem; ca cam trdng, tuoi, co chieu dai trung binh 60 mm, khdi lupng 10 kg cho mdi lan thu nghiSm Dung dich chdn Id dung nudc mudi ndng dg 3% Cai dat nhiet dp dung dich chan va thdi gian chan (thdi gian chdn dugc xac djnh thdng qua viec didu chinh van tdc bang tdi chdn bang bien tan) theo cac miic yeu cdu ciia cac thi nghiem Mdi thi nghiem dugc lap lgi ldn, cac gia tri dugc tinh trung binh tii Idn lap lai TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 19 - 2015 KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE De xac dinh su anh hudng cua nhiet dp chan va thdi gian chdn din chdt lupng cua ca com sau chdn, tiln hanh thi nghidm chdn tgi miic nhiet chdn la 85 va 95°C va miic thai gian chdn la 60,120 va 180 giay Kit qua xet nghiem ham lupng dgm tdng ciia ca cam sau chdn d nhiet dd 85°C vd nhiSt dd chdn 95''C tgi miic thdi gian chdn thay ddi tii 60 -180 gidy dugc trinh bay bang Bdng Kit qud xet dgm tong sau chdn tgi muc nhiet 85°C Nhiet chan Tha gian chan (s) 60 120 85°C 180 60 95"C D a m tong (%) 3,74" 3,69" 3,32" 3,28° 120 3,06° 180 2,93" Cac gia tri trung binh dugc xii ly thdng ke bdng phuong phap LSD: cac gia tri cd ky hieu chii khac nhau; khac biet co y nghia d miic y nghTa 0,05 4.0 3.5 g 30 g* 2.5 * S 1.5 1.0 nhidt 85°C thdi gian chdn 60 s, theo danh gia cdm quan cd chua dgt dii dp chin cdn thilt nhiet dp 95°C thai gian chdn 180 s, cd CO hien tupng trdc phdn dudi, than va gSy dau Nhu vay d hai miic thdi gian chdn ca khdng dat yeu cdu ve cam quan Cac mdu cdn lai nhin chung mau sac ca sau chan dep, thit chdc, nguyen ven, khdng bi bd, dat dp chin deu nen cdn phdn tich ham lugng dgm tdng de xdc dinh mau c6 ket qua tdt nhat Cdc kdt qua xet nghiem ham luong dam tdng cua ca sau chan tgi cac miic thdi gian chan va nhiet dp chdn khac trinh bay bang dugc xu ly thong ke dd cho thdy cd su khac biet ciia cac sd lieu d miic y nghTa 0,05 Nhu vdy vdi cac miic thdi gian chan va nhiet dp chan khac cd anh hudng din chdt lugng cua ca sau chan Ket qua bang cho thdy ngogi tru tai hai ch6 dd chan ca khdng dat tieu chudn cam quan thi d che chan vdi nhiet dp 85°C vd miic thdi gian 120 s cho ket qua ham lugng dgm tdng cao nhdt la 3,69%, so vdi ham lugng dam tdng ca tuoi trudc chdn la 3,84%, nhu vay che chdn dat ket qua tdt nhdt, phu hgp nhdt sd cac che dp chdn da thu nghiem Ket qua kiem tra ham lugng E.coli cd sau chdn cho thay khdng phat hien E.coli Tren ca sd chd dd chdn nay, tien hanh danh gia chi phi dien nang rieng cho qua trinh chan nhdm xac dinh sa bg hieu qua cua thiet bi Ket Cac ttu ngh^m (%5°C - 60 s); (SS^C - 120 s); (SS^C - 180 s); qud dugc trinh bay bang cho thdy miic (95''C - 60 s); i95°C - 120 s); (95''C - 180 s) tieu thu dien nang ridng tnmg binh cho qua trinh Hinh So sdnh hdm lugrng dgm tong cua cd chdn la 0,135 kWh/kg ca com sau chdn tgi cdc che chdn Bang Tieu thu dien nang rieng cho qud trlnh chdn S6 me chan Chi phi dien nang rieng, kWh/kg TB 0,144 0,120 0,139 0,146 0,124 0,135 TAP CHl CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 19 - 2015 KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE D^ uac luong dp bien dgng cua muc tieu thu dien nang rieng cho qua trinh chSn ve mat thdng l