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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci 2014, Vol 59, No 1, pp 58 62 THIET KE, CHE TAO THIET BI THI NGHIEM DE Sir DUNG TRONG DAY HOC BA DINH LUAT VE C H A T KHI, VAT LI 10 TRUNG HOC PHO THONG[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Interdisciplinary Sci 2014, Vol 59, No 1, pp 58-62 THIET KE, CHE TAO THIET BI THI NGHIEM DE Sir DUNG TRONG DAY HOC BA DINH LUAT VE C H A T KHI, VAT LI 10 TRUNG HOC PHO THONG Nguyen Anh Thuan Khoa Vdi li Trudng Dai hoc Supham Hd Noi Tom tat Bai bao irinh bay viec nghien cflu thiet kl, chl tao thilt bi thi nghiem de sfl dung Irong day hoc ba dinh lual vl chit irong chUdng irinh Vai li ldp 10 Irung hoc thong Tit khda: Thi nghiem, chat khi, dmh luat chit day hoc Vat li Vat li 10 , Md dau Trong lich sfl Vat li, ba dinh luat vl chat deu dfldc phat hien bang thUc nghiem: dinh luai Bdi-ld - Ma-ri-6t (Robert Boyle, Edme Mariotte) vao nam 1662, dinh luat Sac-Id (Jacques Charles) vao nam 1787, dinh luat Gay Luy-xac (Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac) vao nam 1802 Din nam 1934, Cla-pe-rdn (Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron) gdp kit qua cua ba dinh luat vao mdt phUdng trinh, la phUdng trinh trang thai Trdng chUdng trinh Vat H ldp 10 trung hoc phd thdng (THPT), dinh luat Bdi-ld Ma-ri-6t va dinh luat Sac-Id dUdc khao sat bang thUc nghiem Tfl dd, suy luan phfldng trinh trang thai va dinh luat Gay Luy-xac Nhu vay, de day hoc ba dinh luat ve chit cln phai cd thiet bi thi nghiem (TBTN) de tien hanh cac thi nghiem doi vdi mdt Ifldng xac dinh: khao sat su phu thudc cua ap suit (/;) vao the tich {V) nhiei dd (T) khdng doi, khao sat su phu thudc cua p vao T V khong doi, kiem tra bieu thflc V ti le vdi T ]> khdng doi 2.1 Noi dung nghien ci^u Sir can thiet phai thiet ke, che tao TBTN Ci cac trfldng THPT hien nay, chi dUdc trang bi TBTN cho dinh luat B6i-ld - Ma-ri6i va dinh lual Sac-Id Mot so trudng Dai hoc d Viet Nam dfldc trang bi TBTN vl dinh luat Ngaynhanbai 15/1/201.1 Ngay nhan dang; 15/10/2013 Lien he- Nguyen Anh Thuin, e-mail' nguyenanhthuan@gmail com Thiet ke chi tao thiii hi thi nghiem desu dung day hpc ba dinh ludi Bdi-!d - Ma-ri-6t dung bdm hut nen, TBTN vl dinh luat Sac-Id va dinh luat Gay Luy-xac dung ap kl nude Mdt so cdng ty nude ngoai (Phywe, Leybold, ) da san xult TBTN nghien cflu dinh luat ve chSt Mot so tac gia cung de cap nghien cflu Tfi'm vl dinh luat chat khi: Tran Ba Trinh (Luan van Thac si - 2009), Mai Thi Dung (Khda luan tot nghiep -2012), Tuy nhien, cac TBTN cdn mot sd nhudc diem sau - Lfldng khao sat (LKKS) d trang thai khdng can bang LKKS dUdc lam ndng, ben xay qua trinh truyen nhiet va d trang thai khdng can bang Khi do, cac gia tri p V, T khdng phu hdp vdi cac dinh luat vl chat (ap dung cho trang thai can bang CrrCB)), Chflng tdi da tiln hanh thi nghiem lam ndng va nhiet dd d hai diem khac LKKS, mot diem d tam binh khi, diem d gan binh Kit qua thi nghiem cho thly, lam ndng, diem d tam binh cd nhiet tang ifl 28'^C (nhiei phdng) din 50"C thi chenh lech nhiet dd gifla diem tang tfl din 5"C Chenh lech nhiet gifla diem se cang Idn nlu ta lam ndng cang nhanh hoac sfl dung binh cd tilt dien Idn Vdi cac TBTN hien cd, lam ndng LKKS, sd chi nhiet kl khdng phan anh nhiet dp cfla LKKS - Mat nhieu thdi gian de tiln hanh thi nghiem ve dmh luat Sac-Id va dinh lual Gay Luy-xac: Vdi cac TBTN hien cd, mac du cln phai lam ndng thai cham (hoac chi lam ndng thdi gian ngan roi chd on dinh nhiet dp) de LKKS d trang thai gan can bang nhflng kit qua thi nghiem vln cd sai so Idn - Khdng dam bao dieu kien lfldng xac dmh Trong TBTN dung ap kl nude, lam ndng, nude bay hdi lam kJidi lUdng tang dan Khi trd ve nhiet dd phdng, tren ihanh binh cd dpng cac giot nUdc nhd Vi vay, chflng tdi nghien cflu thilt kl, chl tao TBTN mdi TBTN phai dam biio khac phuc nhflng nhUdc diem cfla cac TBTN hien ed va tao dfldc cac Tl'CB cua LKKS (tao dfldc nhiei dp ddng dlu va cd gia tri dn dinh loan bd the tich ciia LKKS) 2,2 Cau lao va nguyen tac hoat dong cua TBTN TBTN (Ifinh 1) chflng tdi thilt kl, chl tao dfldc sfl dung dc nghien cflu ba dinh luat vl chat Thiet bi cd cau tao va nguyen lac hoal ddng nhfl sau' Cac chi tilt chinh cua TBTN gom cd: -Hop nhfla suol (140x300x90mm) cai - 6ng nhfla suot hinh tru ($10mm): cai - Xi lanh cd pit-tdng chfla dau silicone (20ml) cai - Ap ke dien tfl (AKDT) (40x40mm)' I cai, - Nhiet kl dien tU (NKDT) tich hdp bd phan dilu khil'n nhiet dp (BPDKND) (80x40mm) cai - Qual tao ddng khdng doi Iflu (DKKDL) (*60mm): cai - Bdng den cd gSn tam tan nhiet (220V-50W): cai Nguyin Anh Thuan rf Q a) h) Hinh Anh chup (a) vd so cdu tao (b) cua TBTN LKKS dUdc giam dng nhUa sudt hinh tru (1) Ap suit cua LKKS dUdc bdi AKDT (2) ndi vdi dau phia tren cua dng Dlu phia dfldi cua dng dfldc bit kin bang dau silicone Mflc dau silicone ong cd the dfldc thay doi nhd pit-tdng xilanh (3) The tich cua LKKS dfldc nhd thUdc chia vach mililit gan tren ong tru Chflng tdi sfl dung dlu silicone chu yeu bdi vi dlu silicone rlt kho bay hdi nen giam thieu dfldc hien tfldng chit long bay hdi vao LKKS Khdng hop nhua (gom phln 4a, 4b, 4c) dUdc quat (5) thdi, chuyen ddng theo chu trinh va tao DKKDL Ban dau khdng d phln dudi (4a) dUdc quat thoi vao tam tan nhiet cua bdng den (6) va dUde lam ndng, di len theo phln trai (4b), di xudng theo phan phai (4c) va trd vl phln dfldi (4a) cua hop nhua, Nhfl vay DKKDL nhan nhiet tfl bdng den va truyen nhiet cho cac phan khac cua TBTN Hdp nhua se truyen nhiet mdi trUdng ngoai Khi TBTN d ITCH nhiet, nhiet dp cfla LKKS va DKKDL la bang va dfldc bdi cam bien nhiet (CBN) (7) ndi vdi NKDT (8) BPDKND tich hdp NKDT cd tac dung tfl ddng dilu khien bat, tit bdng den cho bdng den chi cung cap nhiet Ifldng vfla dfl de DKKDL dat dfloc gia tri nhiet dp (chpn trfldc y) khdng ddi va dd, LKKS d TTCB cd nhiet dd da chon tntdc Vi du viec cai dat BPDKND de LKKS d TTCB cd nhiet dd T r Tren NKDT, nhin nut SET (so chi cua NKDT se nhap nhay), nhin nut (A) hoac nfli (V) de chpn gia tri Ti Ngay sau dd so chl cua NKDT thdi nhip nhay va trd vl gia tri tren CBN BPDKND 60 Thiet ki chi tan thiet hi thi nghiem desudung day hoc ba dinh luat dieu khien bat bdng den chi sd chi cfla NKDT nhd hdn T\ Nhfl vay, sau thdi gian ngln, ta quan sat thay sd chi cua NKDT bang Ti va khdng doi Khi dd, LKKS d 'ITCB cd nhiet dd 71 2.3 Cac thi nghiem co the tien hanh vdi TBTN TBTN chflng tdi thilt ke, che tao cho phep tiln hanh cae thi nghiem doi vdi mdt Ifldng xac dinh: - Khao sat sfl phii thupc cfla p vao l^ T khdng ddi (dinh luat Bdi-ld - Ma-ri-dt) - Khao sat sfl phu thupc cua p vao T 1/ khdng dd'i (dmh luat Sac-Id) - Kiem tra bieu thflc V ti le vdi T p khdng ddi (dinh luat Gay Luy-xac) Sau day, chung tdi se md ta ngan gpn cac thi nghiem cd the tiln hanh vdi TBTN 2.3.1 Thi nghiem khao sat sir phu thuoc ciia p vao V T khong doi Ban dlu, LKKS TTCB cd nhiet dd phdng {T{) Md van tren AKDT, dieh chuyen pit-tdng de chpn the tich Vi cua LKKS, ddng van tren AKDT, doc va ghi lai gia tri ap suit pi Dich chuyen cham pit-tdng de the tich LKKS cd cac gia iri V2., \ V dpc va ghi lai cac gia tn ap sull tfldng flng p2 p-.i- ^ cac so lieu thu dUde, rfll mdi hen he gifla p va V Tl khdng ddi, Cai dat BPDKND de LKKS TTCB nhiet cd nhiei dd T2 lap lai cac bfldc nhu tren de rflt mdi lien he gifla p va V T2 khdng ddi, 2.3.2 Thi nghiem khao sat sU phu thuoc cua p vao T V khong doi Md van tren AKDT, dich chuyen roi co dinh pit-tdng de chpn the tich Vj cua LKKS, ddng van tren AKDT, dpc va ghi lai gia tri ap suai pi va nhiei dp Ti Cai dat BPDKND de LKKS Ian lUdi d 'ITCB cd nhiet dd T2 Tu doc va ghi lai gia trj ap suit tfldng flng p2 P:i- Tfl cac sd lieu thu dUde, rfll moi lien he gifla p va T \''i khdng ddi Dich chuyen roi cd dinh pit-tdng de chpn the tich Vj cua LKKS Lap lai cac budc nhu tren de rut mdi lien he gifla p va T Va khdng ddi 2.3.3 Thi nghiem kiem tra bieu thu'c V ti le vdi T p khong ddi Md van tren AKDT, dich chuyen pit-tdng de chpn the tich Vi cua LKKS ddng van tren AKDT, dpc va ghi lai gia iri ap suit pi va nhiet Ti Tinh gia iri (i ^ li/V", Du kiln gia tn nhiel T2 T-j.Tinh gia tn thelich Kj = aT^ va V-l = (iTi Cai dat BPDKND de LKKS lln ludt d TTCB cd nhiet dd T2, Ti Trong moi trudng hdp, dich chuyen cham pit-tdng de sd tren AKDT bang p\, doc va ghi lai lai gia tri the tich tUdng flng \ j V.i So sanh l''^ vdi \ 7,1 \ vdi \ ,' de rflt kit luan V ti le vdi T p\ Nguyen Anh Thuin khdng ddi Van vln d trang thai ddng, dich chuyen pit-tdng de LKKS cd ap suit P2, lap lai cac budc nhu tren de rflt kit luan V ti 16 vdi T po khdng ddi Trong ca thi nghiem tren, nhd van khi, ta cd the nghien cflu Ifldng xac dinh khac K§t luan TBTN da thiet ke chl tao khdng chi thdi gian ngan da tao dfldc nhiet dd ddng dlu toan bp the tich cua LKKS, ma cdn gifl dUdc gia tri nhiet dp khdng thay ddi thdi gian y Chinh vi vay, TBTN da thilt ke, che tao khdng nhflng khac phuc dUdc nhfldc diem cua cac TBTN hien cd, ma cdn md rdng kha nang thi nghiem dac biet la cho phep tiln hanh dUdc thi nghiem vl dinh luat Bdi-ld - Ma-ri-dt d nhilu nhiet dd khac nhau, cho kit qua tdt thi nghiem vl dinh luat Sac-Id va dinh luat Gay Luy-xac TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Nguyin Dflc Tham (chfl bien) Nguyin Ngpc Hflng Pham Xuan Que 2002 Phuong phdp day hpc vat li trudng phd thdng Nxb Dai hoc Sfl pham Ha Ndi [2] Tdi lieu hudng ddn thi nghiem vdi li phd thdng 2012, Bp mon PPGD, Khoa Vat li, DHSP Ha Ndi [3] Website: www,phywe-systeme.com; www,]d-didactic.de ABSTRACT Design and manufacture laboratory equipment for teaching the three gas laws of 10"' grade physics program This paper presents the study design and manufacture laboratory equipment for use in teaching the three gas laws of 10"' grade physics program ... de LKKS d trang thai gan can bang nhflng kit qua thi nghiem vln cd sai so Idn - Khdng dam bao dieu kien lfldng xac dmh Trong TBTN dung ap kl nude, lam ndng, nude bay hdi lam kJidi lUdng tang... silicone rlt kho bay hdi nen giam thieu dfldc hien tfldng chit long bay hdi vao LKKS Khdng hop nhua (gom phln 4a, 4b, 4c) dUdc quat (5) thdi, chuyen ddng theo chu trinh va tao DKKDL Ban dau khdng... hi thi nghiem desudung day hoc ba dinh luat dieu khien bat bdng den chi sd chi cfla NKDT nhd hdn T\ Nhfl vay, sau thdi gian ngln, ta quan sat thay sd chi cua NKDT bang Ti va khdng doi Khi dd,