KHOA HQC - CONG NGH6 KET QUA NGHIEN CUU ANH HirONG CUA XlTLY CHAN VA THIET KE, CHE TAO THIET Bj CHAN NANG SUAT 250-300 KG/H PHUC VU CHE BIEN TO! THIEU CA ROT Le Xudn Hdo ', Nguyen Quang Duc^, Ld Mgnh Tudn ^ TOM TAT Nghien cuu ndy tap trung vdo khdo sdt dnh huang cua xu ly chdn che bien toi thieu cd rot Ddy Id qud trinh quan trong viec on dinh mdu sac vd chdt lirang dinh dudng vd an todn cita sdn phdm bdo qudn Ket qud dd chi rdng cd rdt chi biin toi thieu duac xu ly chdn 85± i^C 30 gidy cho hieu qm bdo qudn ro ret Sdn phdm co the bdo qudn duac 10 ngdy d diiu kien d 5-7°C vdi chdt luong cdm quan tdt dinh dudng on dfnh vd ddm bdo cdc yeu cdu ve ve sinh an todn thuc phdm Tren ca sd do, dd lya chpn nguyen ly boat ddng, tinh todn thiet ke, che too thdnh cdng thiit bj chan phuc vu ddy chuyen che biin toi Ihieu cd rdt ndng sudt 250-300kg sdn phdm/ gid Ket qud khdo nghiem cho kit qud thiet bj hogt dpng on djnh vdphu hap vdi dieu kien Viet Nam hiin Tit khda: Che bien tdi thieu, cd rdt, mdy chdn RESULTS OF BLANCHING TREATMENT EFFECTS AND DESIGN, FABRICATION BLANCHING MACHINE FOR MINIMAL PROCESSING CARROTS, CAPACITY 250-300KG/H Le Xuan Hao ', Nguyen Quang Due ^ La Manh Tuan ^ SUMMARY This study was focused on effect of blanching in carrot minimal processing This is very importance to maintain colour, nutrition quality and safety of the product during store The result showed that minimal processing carrot blanched in 85± 2°C in 30 seconds had hight quality and safety in 10 days of being stored in 5-7 C The study also designed and made a blanching machine for carot minimal procesing line with an output 250-300 kg of products per hour The machine test result showed that it had run well and been suited for Viet Nam conditions Keywords: Minimal processing, carots, blanching machine L MdoAu Xu hu6ng va nhu ciu hien cua ngum tieu dimg d6i vdd thuc phim tuoi hoac thuc phim it chS biSn, tien sil dung dang tang Ien nhanh chong, vay da hinh mpt trao Iuu qu6c tl moi ve nghito cilu va thuomg mai thuc phim chi biln t6i thilu, djc biet la cac san phim rau qua cit Rau qua che biln t6i thilu la mpt dang so che, la nhung san pham rau qtia tuoi da thay d6i hinh dang ban diu bing mot s6 tac dpng nhung khong xil ly nhiet hay hoa chit din miic chiing bi thay doi trang thai tuoi s6ng Cac san pham rau, cu qua chl bien tli thieu co cac tm diem nhu tien dung, dam bao chit lupng I „ ,, ——: -: TS Vi?n CO di?n nong nghiep v4 cong ngh? STH ' ThS Vi?n CO difn nong nghisp vJ cong nghe STH ' KS Vi?n CO dien nong nghifp v4 cdng nghj STH 50 ditih duong, an to4n v$ sinh thuc phim, C^ r6t la lo^ rau co gia tii dinh duSng cao: lOOg ca r6t tuoi co 9g Carbohydrat, 3g chit xo thuc phim, 8285ng beta-caroten, mg Vitamin C, ngoai co rit nhiSu cac vitamin mu6i khoang khac Vi vay tren thl gidi va Viet Nam nhu ciu sir dimg cac san phim ca rdt chl biln t6i thilu rit Ion II VAT LffiU VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1 Vjt lifu thi nghidm Nguyen lieu ca r6t dimg chl biln tli thilu phai la lo?! chit Iupng tlt, cii khong dap nat, thli hong, khong mpc mim, khong sau benh, dong deu ve chung loai, kich thuoc, trpng ,' I ,-„ -„„ , '"^nS "=" "at 150- 200g/cu 2.2 Phuffng phap che biln toi thilu ca rlt TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - S6'l0 - 2013 KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE Ca rot dugrc rura sach, ggt v6, tao hinh dang 2.3 Fhutmg phap thi nghidm khao sat anh chi kich thuoc 1x1x5 cm Tuy theo cac mau hirong cua xu ly chan den ch^t lu^ng ca rot che bi^n toi thi8u nghien c6u, ca r^t co thd ducrc chSn 85±2°C Ca rot dugc che biSn t6i thi^u theo phuang 30 giay ho^ic khong ch5n phdp da mo ta cr muc 2.2 B6 tri thi nghiem Tiep theo, ca r6t dugc xur Iy voi dung dich g6m cong thuc theo bang Cac thi nghiem CaCl2 0,3% 10 phut, de rao phong dugc lap lai ikn mat, dong tiii PP 0,04nim, va bao quan di8u Ket qua thi nghiem la tnmg binh cua iSn lap ki$nlanh5-7"C Bang L Bo tri thi nghijm khdo sdi dnh hudng eua xu ly chdn Che xu ly CRl Ca rot dugc che biSn toi thieu theo phuofng phap da mo ta muc 2.2, khong > ly chan, chua bao quan Ca rot dugc chd bien toi thieu theo phuang phap da mo ta a muc 2.2, c6 xu ly c h ^ 85i:2°C 30 giay, chua bao quan Ca rot dugc che bien toi thieu va bao quan theo phuang phap da mo ta a muc CR3 2.2, khong xir ly ch4n, bao quan digu kien lanh 5-7°C, sau 10 Ca rot dugc che bien toi thieu va bao quan theo phuang phap da mo ta a muc CR4 2.2, CO xu ly chan 85±2°C 30 giay, bao quan didu kien lanh 5-7°C, sau 10 2.4 Phircrag phap lay mau Theo TCVN 5102 - 90 (ISO 874 -1980) 2.5 Phmmg phap phan tich mau Xdc dinh hao hut khoi luang lu nhien: Theo cong thirc: X(%) = (Ml-Mi)lOO / Ml Trong do, Ml la khoi lugng mlu truac bao quan (gam); Mi la khoi Iugng m^u a lan theo doii - Xdc dinh dp cung: Su dung may do Cling Bertuzzi SP 137 (Italia) - Xdc dinh su bien doi mdu sdc: bang may mau Color Meter cua hang Color Tec PCM/PSM (My) Nguven tac: Dua tren su phan xa anh sang tii be mdt mau tai bo phan quang cua may Kdt qua the hien qua cac chi so L, a, b dirge thd hidn tren may Trong do: L la gia tri bieu thi tuang phan den-tring cua mau co gia tn tir 0^100; a la gia tri bieu thi tir mau xanh nuac bidn- mau dd CO gia tri -60-60; b la gia tri bieu thj tir mau xanh da troi- mau vang co gia tri tir -60^60 - Ddnh gid chdt luang cdm quan: theo TCVN 3215-79 2.6 Phirong phap xu ly so lieu Xir ly so Heu bang Exel va phan mem IRISTAT 4.0 III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Anh hirong cua xu ly chan che bien toi thieu ca rot a) Anh hudng cua xu ly chdn den mdu sdc cd rot che bien toi thieu bdo qudn Kdt qua cua xir ly chan den mau sac ca rot chd bien toi thieu sau bao quan 10 cr 5-7 "C dugc bieu didn trdn bang Kdt qua bang cho thay sang L va chi so mau sac a ciia cac mau co su khac bidt a miic y nghia a=0,05 (gla tri L ciia mau CR4 la 51,5 gia tri ciia mau CR3 chi dat 40,45, cac gia tri a giiJa mdu CR4 va CR3 ciing tuang img la 20,6 va 18,22 Nhu vay, mau ca rot chd bidn t6i thidu co chkn cho giii mau sang tot hon mlu khong chan a cimg didu kien bao quan 5-7 *'C sau 10 Dieu co thd giai thich la qua trinh ch4n lam vo hoat enzyme nha vay mau CR4 it bi bidn d6i hem so vai mlu CR3 (la mdu khong chdn, qua trinh ho hap gdy bien doi dinh duang va mau sac nhieu hem) TAP CHI CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 - 2013 51 KHOA HOC - C6NG NGHE Bdng Anh huang xir ly ehdn din mdu sdc cd rdt chi biin tdi thiiu Mau Chi so mau sac Nh^n x^t cam quan v^ mau sJlc thi nghidm tren may CR4 Mau vang cam sang, deu, dep Mau vang cam chuyen do, rat deu, d^p hap dan 40.45" 51,50' 20,60' 51.65° 51,21" (Cdc gid trj cung mgl c0l cd chi so mS khac Ihi khac cd nghTa a muc y nghia a=0.05) Kdt qud bdng cho mgt so nh$n xdt sau: So sanh mau CRl vd CR2 cho thay co sir bidn ddi chdt lugng, d^c bift Id miii, v; va t r ^ g thai cua ca rot chd bien toi thidu c6 vd khfing co chiin Ket qud chi rdng che dg chan nh? chdn 85±2°C 30 giay) co lam giam miii, vi va trang thai cua cd rot so vdi mau khong bi xur ly nhift, nhidn miic giam nho va sdn pham van d^t chat Iugng tot Tong didm cam quan ciia mau CR2 giam 7% so voi mau CRl So sanh mau CRl vd CR3 nhdn thdy co su su suy gidm chat Iugng cam quan r5 ret ciia cdc mau cd rot che bien toi thieu, khong chdn, bao qudn 10 a di^u kidn cr 5-7''C (suy gidm tdng didm cdm quan tcri 26%), su Bang Anh hudng xu ly chdn den dg cOng cua cd rot che biin tdi ihieu suy gidm tdng diem cdm quan cua cac mau ca Mau thi nghiem Do Cling (kg/cm'') rot chd bidn toi thieu, co chan, duoc bdo qudn CRl 27,47' cung thcri gian va dieu kien chi Id 3,2% (so sanh CR4 24,76'' m l u CR2 va CR4) Di^u cho thdy qua trinh (Cdc gid tri ciing mgl cgt co chi so mS khac chan Iam vo hoat enzyme nha v|.y mau CR4 thi khac co nghfa a mucy nghla a=0,05) giii dugc mdu sic t6t han vd it bi bien doi chat Iugng han nhieu so vcri mau CR3 (Id mdu c) Anh huang cua xic ly chdn din chdt luang cdm quan cd rot chi biin tdi thiiu khdng CO qud trinh chan nen vdn qua trinh bdo qudn ho hap Iam t6n that dinh duang, bien doi mdu Kdt qua danh gia cdm quan cdc mau cd r6t sac vd chat Iugng qua trinh bdo qudn) chd bidn t6i thidu theo TCVN 3215-79 dugc thd So sanh mdu CRl va CR4 cho thdy chdt hien trdn bdng tugng cdm quan mau CR4 kha tot, (chi giam Bang Ddnh gid cdm quan cdc mdu cd rdt 10% tong didm cam quan), Mau CR4 giiJ dugc ehe bien idi thiiu mau sac, vi nggt tu nhien, cdu tnic san phdm Miu Tr?ng s3c Miji rat tot, san pham khong hd hi xa ciing loi hay thii Vi Mau thi (trong (trpng (trpng (trpng T6ng g§ h6a Vai tfing didm 18 thi mdu CR4 d^t loai nghiem so 1,2) so 0,8) s6 0,8) s6 1,2) diem kha theo TCVN3215-79 ^ ^ ' CRl 5,0 5,0 5,0 20,0 5,0 d) Anh hudng cua xu ly chdn den chi tieu CR2 5,0 4,5 5,0 18,6 4,5 vi sinh vdt ciia cd rdt chi biin toi thieu Idii bdo qudn CR3 4,0 3,5 4,0 14,8 3,5 CR4 4,5 4,5 4,5 18,0 4,5 Kdt qua phan tich mau ca rot chd bidn tfii b) Anh hudng cua xic ly chdn din dp cimg cua cd rdt chi biin tdi thieu bdo qudn Kdt qua khao sat anh huang ciia xu Iy chdn ddn Cling ciia cd rot che bien toi thidu dugc bidu didn trdn bdng Kdt qud bdng cho thay, mau CR4 (mau cd rot che bien toi thieu co chan, bao qudn sau 10 a 5-7°C) co Cling dat 90,13% so vai mdu CRl (mdu ca rot che bidn toi thieu, khong chan, chua bdo qudn), su khac bidt c6 nghia miic y nghia a=0,05 Dieu chiing co su giam ciing cua ca rot sau chan va bao quan, nhidn miic giam khong Ion vd it co dnh hucmg den cau tnic ciia san pham thidu CR4 dugc bidu dien tren bang CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 - 2013 KHOA HQC - CONG NGH$ Bdng Kit qudphan tich cdc ehi tieu vi sinh vgt vd chi tiiu dinh du&ng ehinh ddi vdi sdn phdm ed rdt chi biin idi thiiu sau 10 ngdy TT Tta chi ti6u T6ng s6 vi sinb vithi^ukhl T6ng s6 Coliforms E.coli Cl per&ingens S aureus Salmonella Phuong phap thu TCVN 4884:2005 MPN/g TCVN 4884:2005 MPN//g TCVN 4884:2005 CFU/g TCVN 4884:2005 CFU/g TCVN 4884:2005 /25g TCVN 4884.2005 Donvi Ket qui KPH CFU/g KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH Kdt qud bdng cho thay mdu san phdm ca rfit chd bidn tfii thieu CR4 co cac chi tieu vi sinh vdt nam gioi ban cho phep theo QD 46 - 2007 cita Bg Y te Nhu vay che chan 85±20C 30 giay ket hgp vai cdc xur Iy khac (dd mo ta Of muc phdn phuang phap nghidn ciiu) dd tieu diet va lic chd dugc cac vi sinh vdt nhcr v^y cfi hidu qud bao quan cao 3.2 Thiet bj chan ca r^t oang suat 250300 kg san pham/ gi& a) Lua chpn nguyen ly hogt dpng Thidt kd theo mfi hinh thidt bi chdn lidn tuc kieu vit tdi Sir dung hai nuac bao hoa Iam nguon nhidt cung cdp Tinh todn thidt ke kha nang chinh nhidt va thcri gian chan cho phii hgp vo^i cdc chd xil ly cong nghd Hinh L Sa dd nguyen li hogi ddng ciia mdy chdn kiiu vit idi I - Khung mky; - ThCing lam vi^c; - Mang tho^t li?u ; ^ Canh vit tai h^u ; • Dpng co; - Mdng cip li?u ; - B a o on c^ch nhi^t Nguydn Iy hoat dgng: Mang vit chdn dugc cdu t^o vo Cdp nhidt gidn li^p cho dung dich chan bang hai nuoc bao hoa qua lap vo ngoai, dung dich chdn co the dun nong ddn 90'*C, Nguydn lieu dugc cap vao mdng (6), va dugc vit tm lucri chuydn mdng thodt Ii?u (3), thai gian chan dugc didu chinh bdng dfing co vo cap (5) b) Mpt so ca sa tinh todn Khfii Iugng chdn dugc vong, kg: D'n m=Tj-~T.p Trong do: m - khoi lugng chdn, kg; D - duong kinh mang tdi, m; T - buac vit tai, m; p - khfii lugng rieng cua cii, qua, kg/m^; -q - he s6 dung tich hihi ich - Toe dfi quay can thidt phiit: 60m Trong do: Q - nang suat cua may, kg/h - Chidu ddi mang tdi: 60 Trong do: t Id thai gian chan, s c) Mot so kit qud tinh lodn - Ducmg kinh mang tai chdn: D = 500 mm - Chidu ddi mang mang tai chdn: 1800 mm - Buac vit: T ^ 200 mm - T6c quay ciia vit tai: n = -^ 10 v/ph - Nang suat 200 - 300 kg/h - Cong sudt tidu thu 1,8 kW - Kich thuac: 2000 x 700 x 1300 (mm) - Vat lieu Inox SUS 304 d) Khdo nghiem mdy chdn Khdo nghiim che dp ldm vi^c Chd lamvidc: Cfing sudt dfing ca vo cap: 2.2 kW Tfic quay cua vit chan: - v/ph Thai gian chan: 30 gidy Nhidt chdn: 85-90°C Sfi nguoi van hanh: 01 Kdt qua khao nghidm danh gid anh huong cua nang sudt chan den chat lugng sdn phdm vd cfing sudt tieu thu cua dong co thd hien tren bang TAP CHi CONG NGHIEP NONG THON - SO 10 - 2013 53 KHOA HQC - CONG N G H f Bang Anh hudng cua ndng sudtchdn den chdt luang sdn phdm vdcone sudt tieu thu diin ^~—^1 _^ Chi tilu Ty le sin pham dat ygu c^u, % C6ne suit P kW ^"~~~-^,^dinh gii Ning suat, Icg/h ^^^~ ~^^ TBI TB2 TB3 TB TB TBI TB2 TB3 200 99,3 99,1 99,4 99,3 1,10 1,08 1,09 1,09 250 99,1 99,1 99,0 99,1 1.19 1,21 1,20 1,20 300 98,4 98,1 98,1 98,2 1,32 1,30 1,30 1,31 Ydu cdu ky thuat: Sdn pham ca rfit sau chan dat ydu cau cong nghe la nhiing sdn pham dugc chdn 85°C 30 gidy (ty le dat ydu cau >99%) chd bidn t6i thidu ca rfit ndng sudt 250-300kg sdn phdm/gi6 Thidt bi hoat dgng fin dinh va phil hgp voi dieu ki^n Vi?t Nam hidn Kdt qud khdo nghidm cho thay may chan lam vide fin dinh, chan san pham cd rfit voi nang sudt Q < 250 kg/h cho chdt lugng san phdm tfit (voi tren 99% san pham ca rfit chan ddm bao ydu cau cfing nghd, ty Id dap nat nho hon 1%) va cfing sudt didn tieu thu la khong ddng kd, P < 70% cfing suat thidt kd Dp tin cgy vd tinh an todn cua thiet bi May lam vide khfing rung, khfing co tidng dfing la, khfing fin, khong ro ri nuac, khong ro ri didn, nhidt vo dfing ca va o bi khfing nong (t°