Nghiên cứu, thiết kế chế tạo máy cắt vớt rong, cỏ, lục bình trên kênh rạch, sông hồ chứa nước và các đề xuất phát triển hệ thống máy vào sản xuất đạt hiệu quả

F NGHIEN CLfU-TRAO01 vNGHIEN CO'U, THiiT K i CHE TAO MAY CAT - VOT RONG, C6, LUC BiNH TREN KENH RACH, SONG, H CHU-A Nu-ac VA CAC o i X U A T PHAT TRIEN HE T H N G MAY VAO SAN X U A T OAT HIEU QUA RESEARCH, DESIGN, MANUFACTURING OF THE AQUATIC WEEDS HARVESTER ON THE CHANNELS, RIVERS, IRRIGATION RESEVOIR AND IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS FOR THE EFFECTIVE PRODUCTION PGS,TS Bill Trung Thanh, PGS,TS Nguyin Quoc HUng, Nguyen Minh Cddng, Dang Van Hie TrSn Ngoc Vu, Duong Tien Doan Trildng Dai hgc Cong nghiep TP H6 Chi Minh TOM TAT He thong miy cat - vdt rong, cd dgi, luc binh vd rdc thii noi tren kenh, rach, sdng nghien cUu khoa hgc cap Nhi nUdc, thugc chuong trinh che tgo miy KC05-01/06-10 Bl gid cung cdc cgng sU cua TrUdng Bai hgc Cdng nghiep TP Hd Chi Minh thUc hien dua tr cua miy cat vdt rong, cd dgi cua hing Aquamarine (Canada) vi hing Aquarius (USA) HI thdng may dd dUdc che tao, khio nghiem vi dUa vio phuc vu cat, dgn vl sinh cic k cua tinh Tiy Ninh, TP Ho Chi Minh vi tinh Kiln Giang, dgt kit qui tdt Sau ngdy nghiem th cung cdng sU dd tiep tuc nghien cUu hodn thien, bo sung tinh ning, cdi tiln, hieu chinh vd miu miy, nham cd the dUa mdy vio sdn xudt dgt hieu qui Tic gia vi cgng sU di thi nghiem vio sdn xudt dUdc 03 miy logi B2.36 (bl rdng cit-vdt rong, cd luc binh 2,36m) vi dUdc cac dung dinh gii tot He thong miy, gdm: Mgt mdy chinh cd chic nang cdt-vdt rong, cd dgi, luc binh cung hi phu trd theo miy chinh bao gom, miy bing tdi di ddng dung cho vin chuyen sin pham sau lin phUdng tien van tdivi lim nhiem vu van chuyen miy chinh di tren dudng ket hgp vdi tril dUa may xuong sdng lam viec Bii bio trinh biy cdu tgo, die diem, hoat ddng cua cic thilt bi chinh cua he thong miy c mdt sd kit qud khdo nghilm mdy Trln cd sd ket qui khdo nghilm miy sin xudt vd tiep n cic ylu cau thttc te tgi cdc dia phUOng tdc gii cung cic cdng sU dd xdc dinh dugc nhing vd ton tgi cua mau may dl tdi, tUdd, tiep tuc hodn thien thiet ke, hodn thiln cdng nghe che tgo van hdnh si dung, de hieu chinh mdt so cum cung nhu bo sung them mot so cum mdi md t de tii KCOS.01/06-10 chUa cd dilu kien thUc hien Ngodi ra, tdc gid vd cgng sU cung dexu tiep tuc thiet kl, chi tgo cic nhdm mdy cd kich thUdc vd cdng sudt nhd hdn so vdi mdy B2.3 ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHl CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CLfU-TRAO D C I cat -vdt luc binh, giup cho viec ve sinh trin cdc kinh rach npi thdnh TP Ho Chi Minh co tiet diin , cung nhu thiet ke, che tao loai mdy co kich thUdc vd congsudt ldn hdn died the Idm viec trin cdc s cdi CO tiet dien ldn hdn, kit hdp chdt che vdi mdy trung chuyen tren sdng de ndng cao hiiu qud lam cua mdy chinh Tii khoa: Mdy cdt-vdt rdng, cd, luc hinh mdy, bdnh xe niidc, dao cdt co tdm ke, guong gat, p noi, guong gat, hdng tdi di dpng, trien thiiy ABSTRACT The aquatic weeds harvester is a national subject of the programs KC05.01/ 06-10 The au and et all of the industrial University ofHo Chi Minh executived that based on principles of weeds cutter Aquamarine company (Canada) and Aquarius company (USA) The aquatic weeds harvester syst have been designed manufactured and tested to cut -pick up aquatic weeds, water hyacinth for cleaning channels of Tay Ninh, Ho Chi Minh City and Kien Giang provinces which gets out achit positive results The author and his colleagues continuous to study for complete additional feati improvements, and upgrade to be able to put the machine into the production efficiency The author his colleagues have improved and developmented two model B2.36 in to efficiency practice, (widt cutting-picking up for aquatic weeds is 2,36m) The aquatic harvester system includes a main machine which cut-pick aquatic weeds,w hyacinth in ihe river, irrigation lakes and two auxiliary devices The auxiliary first is shoe conve which convey products from aquatic weeds harvester to the river bank and the other is both trans^ the main machine and launching the main machine up and down from river This paper presents the structure, characteristics and operation of the a quatic weeds harve with some tested results Especiallythe practical testing problems and actual requirements accessn at the local channes, and rivers The author and et all are also found that more models need to conti to design for development, as well as corrected some main components or add to build new equipn that were no execution conditions in the previously subject ofKCOS.Olf 06-10 Besides the author e also need to continue to design and manufacture the new machine groups which are smaller size t the B2.36 model to be able to work in the narrow inner city canals or the other new groups are la size such as B4.0 model which to be able to work on the large river with their width from 200- 30 This model B4.0 will combines with a transit machine on the river to enhance the workingefficienc the aquatic harvester Keywords: Aquatic weeds harvester, paddle whell, float.cutter unit, cutter bar, conveyer, s conveyer, tildesk, reel ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHI VIET NAM, S6 nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn r NGHIEN CLfU-TRAO D( GlCri THIEU TrUcfc thuc trang van nan rong, co dai, luc binh, rac thai noi phat trien va xam lan dong chay, anh hudng den cip thoat nUcfc nong nghiep va chong ngap ung cho cac thi, can trd giao thong dUdng thuy, nuoi thuy san, ve sinh moi sinh tren k^nh, rach, ao ho chiia nUdc thang 4/2007, Bo Khoa hoc va C6ng nghe Van phong cac ChUdng trmh trgng diem cap Nha nU6c da xet duyet va giao cho TrUdng Dai hgc Cong nghiep TP Ho Chi Minh to chiic nghien cUu va thUc hien de tai: "Nghien ciiu tinh toan, thiet ke va che tao may cat-vcft rong, co dai, luc binh, rac thai noi tren kenh, song, ho thuy lui" Ke thUa cac k^t qua nghien cUu, tham nhieu nam trU6c do, tham khao cac mau may cat-vdt rong, co dai tren song cua Cong ty Aquamarine (Canada), Cong ty Aquarius System, Cong ty United Marine International (USA), tac gia va nhom nghien cUu da thUc hien cong tac tinh toan, thiet ke, che tao va khao nghiem 01 he thong may cua de tai dieu kien thUc te tai Tay Ninh Lan khao nghiem thU nhat vao thang 7/2008, hieu chinh va khao nghiem tiep lan thli vao thang 12/2008, tiep tuc hieu chinh va khao nghiem lan thU vao thang 3/2009 [2] De tai da dUoc nghiem thu va tiep tuc theo doi thucfng xuygn tinh hinh lam viec cua may mau tai hien trUcJng De tai da trien khai che tao them he thong may phuc vu nhu cau cua san xuat He thong may dap Ung dugc cac muc tieu va ngi dung nghien cUu dat thuyet minh va Hgp dong Trong bai bao nay, chiing toi trinh bay can tao, quy trinh van hanh cac cum chinh cua mau may thupc de tai KC05.01/06-10; Danh gia ket qua lam viec cua he thong may, sau mot thcJi gian dai hoat dgng dieu kien thUc te tii nghiem thu den He thong may the he dau tien cua de tai dugc lap cho vung ho Dau Tieng (thah Ninh), da lam viec 6n dinh, dat cac yeu cau b dau, dugc dia phuong chap nhan Nhieu c phuong khac da den xem xet, quan sat va tr tiep kiem tra chat lUgng, xac nhan cac thong ky thuat can thiet cua he thong may tai cac d diem v6i cac dieu kien lam viec khac a vung ho Noi chung, cac doan cong tac deu t danh gia tot ve mau may nay, d^u thong nhat ct rang, day la mau may phu hop vdi dieu kien kir te, xa hpi va trinh dp cong nghe, kha nang t chinh cua Viet Nam hien Cac dia phUOng c dat hang Ung dung san pham cua de tai De tai c che tao them 02 he thong mcfi va da ban cho T Ho Chi Mmh va tinh Kien Giang Den sa nhieu nam, ca 03 he thong may the he dau tie van lam viec on dinh, phuc vu tot nhu can cat vcft rong, CO dai va luc binh cua cac dia phuon neu tren Chu nhiem de tai va nhom cpng sU da t chUc cac cupc hgi thao "dau bcf" vdi sU tham gi cua dai dien cac tinh d6ng bang sdng CUu Lon va TP Ho Chi Minh Da cd nhieu gdp y quy ba xuat phat tU nhu cau thUc te tUng dia phUc(ng, k ca cac don vi dang sif dung he thong may cua d tai: De tai can chu y hoan thien va bd sung thie ke (bd sung them 01 may trung chuyen de lie hop vdi may chinh, nham giam thdi gian ma chinh chay vac bd dd chat thai (rong, cd, lu binh) va chay khdng tai trd lai noi thu nap ronj cd, luc binh da cat de tiep tuc chu trinh mdi) C the coi san pham cua de tai la he thdng may c kich thude va cdng suat trung binh, can bd sun them 02 loai nfia vdi kich thUdc, cdng suat nh hon va ldn hon He thong may, vdi kich thud va cdng suat nhd hdn can dimg cho cac vun kenh rach ndi ddng He thdng vdi kich thUdc \ cdng suat ldn hon se phu hop vdi cac khu vu sdng Vam Cd, thupng ngudn sdng Sai Gdn Ti ca 03 loai may deu phai dam bao dat cac thdng s ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHI VlfiT NAM, Sd nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN c u u - T R A O D | ] 35" bang cap xi lanh thuy lUc can thUc hien chuyfo va dd san pham sau cat vdt Ifo bd [4] Bang tai sd cung cd tinh nang chay dupc hai chifo nhd bd tri hai md to thuy lUc d hai dau bang Khi san pham sau cat vdt da chiJa day trfo bang tai thil thi hoan mdt chu trmh boat ddng cat, vdt cila may chinh NgUdi lai chuyfo hudng may chinh, chay vao bd va difo chmh nang bang tai sd len mpt gdc du il bang tai thiJ tiep can bd va ddng thdi dilu khifo di ca bang tai sol, sd va sd cUng hoat ddng de chuyfo toan bd san pham sau cat vdt Ito bd Khi may lam viec trto sdng cai cd kich thude rpng, viec may chinh phai Ufo tuc vao de dd sin pham da lam giam hieu suat lam viec cua may chinh Trong difo kifo nay, d My va Canada da ap dimg dUa them 01 may trung chuyfo vao hi may, ay, hieu qua lam viec cua may chinh se dUdc tang Ifo Banh xe nudc cdn gpi la gudng n (paddle wheel (hinh 11), dupc lap hai bfo p ndi Hai banh xe nUdc cd nhiem vij tao d lUc day toin bd may (MCVRCLB) chuyfo d tifo, chuyfo ddng ldi, quay phai, quay trai tl yeu cau lam viec trto sdng [5] Hai banl nudc dupc truyfo dpng bang hai md to thuy) chiing cd the difo chinh sd vdng quay ddc vdi nhau, cung nhu cd kha nang ddi dupc ch quay thdng qua difo khifo van thuy lUc trfo c in lai Hmh 11 Kit cau hdnh xe nUdc 2.3.6, Phao noi Phao ndi (pontoon (hinhl2) dupc dai gia la mpt sd cac cum quan trpng cila m (MCVRCLB) Phan ldn tat ca cac cum thiet nhU: Bang tai sd 2, bang tai sd 3; dpng cp r bpm thuy luc, cac dUdng dng dau thuy Ivic, lam mat dau nhito lifo, thiing chiia dau th lUc, cabin chp ngUdi lai, dfo dupc bd tri va c d mat trfo cHa phap ndi [2] Mltl! Hinh 10 Bdng tdi so chia, van chuyen vd dSsin pham sau cat vdt len hd: 1) Goi dd gida true; 2) True chu dong; 3) Motor bdng tii; 4) Gdi dd ddu true; 5) Xich hdng tdi ludi 6) Khung bdng tdi; 7) True hi tdng Hmh 12 Phao noi Dac diem cua phao la mat trto cd k cau d^ng mat phang, bfo phao gdm, c khoang rdng khdng thdng vdi nhau, nham ngi ISSN 0866-7056 TA.P CHI CO KHI VIST NAM, Sd nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CO'U - TRAO l khdng cho nUdc lot giUa cac khoang vdi trUdng hpp, mdt so cac khoang cd stf cd Igt nUdc Ket ciu khung phao dUdc che tao bang thep hinh chiu lUc va bao ben ngoai bang thep tam 5-6mm [2],[5]],[6],[7] 2.3.7 Cum gom rdc Cum gom rac (hinh 13) la no life sang tao cua tac gia cung cac cgng sU theo quan diem thiet ke "hai mdt" May thUc hien cat -vdt rong, cd dai, luc binh vdi be rdng Bj= 2,36 m, ddng thdi, cd the vdt rac vdi be rdng lam viec len B^ = 4m Viec tinh toan, thiet k^ gan cum gom vao may va dieu khien cum gom yeu cSu phai cd ddng, dam bao trd lUc may di chuyen vdt rac phai thap nhat Hinh 14 Cum tay gom vd vdt rdcgdn theo n MCVRCLB 2.3.8 Hi th6ng thuy lUc Toan bd hoat ddng cua cac cum ciing nhu dieu khien hoat dgng cho tat c cum cua may (MCVRCLB) deu bang he thuy lUc (hinh 15), thdng qua chuyen ddng cUa cac md td thuy lUc gan trUc tiep vac truyen ddng Cung cap dau thuy lUc cho ct to thuy lUc la bdm thuy lUc trung tam dUdc truyen ddng tU ddng cd diesel cdng suat qua khdp ndi trung gian [4] Dieu khien thi [4] va sii dung mach cdng suat bang thuy mpt di6m mdi cua giai phap cho thiet bi lan mdi trUdng nUdc, am, xa khu dan cii te tren boong, may chi cd dien chieu sang v tin hieu dUpc lay tU acquy 24V M O T S O VAN DE CAN LUtJ t TRON DUNG MAY Hmh 13, Bpgom rdc thdt lap vao hong gom cua bdng tdi sd Khi thUc hien chUc nang gom-vdt rac, hai cum dao cat dpc d hai ben hgng gom dupc thao va lap the cum gom rac vao de tang chi^u rdng lam viec Thdng qua khdp ban le va hai xi lanh thuy lUc bd tri hai ben cho phep md tay vdt rac vi tri Idn nhat vdi gdc 45" Hai xi lanh thuy lUc se giup cho tay gom cd the md va dUng lai d bat cU vi tri nao khoang pham vi gdc md 45" H$ thdng may (MCRCLB) da dat day du cac thdng sd ky thuat theo thuyet da dang ky cua de tai KC05.01/06-10 (bang ] Thdng qua khao nghiem may, cung ket qua theo ddi may B2.36 thd he thii nha viec thUc tien tiX nam 2009 den nay, c tdi riit mdt sd van de can thao luin troi dung may nhU sau: Khi cat-vdt rong, cd dUdi nUdc, ngu dieu chinh hai banh xe nUdc quay cung tdc i bao dam may di thang ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM, Sd nam www.cokhivietnam.vn 2016 NGHieNClJUKhi mit dd rong, cd dai, beo vdn, luc binh mgc dan xen dat tdi (20-220 kg/m^ van tdc tidn hdp ly ciia may pham vi (0,5-0,7)m/s va van tdc dao cat tUdng iJng la 0,6m/s se cho chat lUdng cat tdt va dn dinh nhat Tai che dp lam viec nay, ty 1| thu gom san pham dat tren 85%, chi phi nhi^n lieu thap nhSt (6,8 lit /gid) va nang suat trung binh cua may dat (0,15-0,19) ha/ gid [1] N^u van tdc may tien nhanh hdn, se d i n den catvdt sdt, khd dieu chinh chay thang va cdn xay hien tupng cat chap, lam giam nang suit va hieu qua lam viec cua may Khi may lam viec d mat cay nhd (U-TRAO £ 4.2 Nghien cihi hoan thi?n thi^t ke, ch^ tao va hieu chinh M dao cat cd kich thtfotc v i h i n h trinh ldn hdn He dao cho mdu may cua de tai KC05.01/06-10 dUdc tinh toan cho chdc nang cat cij rong d mat dp cay pham vi (< 22 kg/ m^), CO dai mgc dudi nUdc cd dudng kinh (