KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO ^ KV THURT NO MIN DI€N AN TORN VR THAN THifN vdl MOI TRUdNG TAI MO DA N A M GAN KHU DAN CU TS LE NGOC NINH - Cue Tham dinh va DTM ThS LE HOU TIEN - Cong ty CP Tw van TN&MT Vigt Nam GS.TS NHUT VAN BACH - Hgi Ky thuat no Viet Nam ide nghidn cdu ky tiiuat no dign dign vda VLNCN se khdng phCi hyp vdi dilu kidn thye t l va bao dam an toan vda giam thilu duyc tdc mOt s l trudng hyp, cdc cdng thdc dd khdng ddng cd hgi den mdi trudng xung quanh Id edn ehinh xae nlu ta thay doi kit cau luyng thulc nhiOm vu quan trgng va rdt cdn thidt thdi gian va phuang phdp Idm no Do do, vigc nghien cdu hiOn vd tuang lai d nudc ta, ed din tren dp dyng giai phdp ky thudt nd Id khoan Idn tgi 1000 dilm md khai thde dd ldn nhd, dd vige cae md dd nim gan khu vyc ddn cu Id rit d p thilt dng dyng ky thu^t nd dign vln ehilm din 2/3 so va la bai toan dat cho cdc chuydn gia nghien cdc md vdi ly v l giam chi phi gid thdnh phy kidn cdu vd thiet ke n l D l giai quylt cac vdn d l n l vd quy md nd nhd VI vgy, cdc vy n l tren, nhdm tac gia nghien cuu da tiln hanh thyc diOn van d l lai nhieu vy tai ngn thuang tam, gay hign tai mOt sd md da d Vigt Nam Kit qua ban dau chin dOng, sdng va dgp khdng Idn lam sgp hoge cho thiy, vide dp dyng cdng nghe no vi sai vdi hu hgi nha dan, gdy d nhiim mdi trudng v l byi va luyng thuoc ed dudng kinh khac ed phdn tiing dgng Idn Bdi bdo dudi ddy se giup cdc Chu doan luyng thulc bdng luu eOt khdng lo khoan mang Igi higu qua kinh t l vd gidm duyc tdi md khae phue duyc nhung nhuyc dilm neu tren da ehan dOng cung nhu bui va dOc hgi Dudi Tinh cdp t h i l t cua viec nghien cdu ddy Id mOt s l ndi dung kit qua nghien cdu Hien nay, nhu elu su dyng vgt lieu xay dyng d nudc ta tang len manh me, vi vgy khlp cac tfnh Khai nigm v l cac mo Id thien ndm gdn khu thdnh ddu cd cdc md da dang duyc hinh vd VLFC dan cu* di vao khai thdc Tuy nhien, da s i cdc md dd diu • Theo mue dO tde dOng din mdi trudng, ed ndm gdn khu vyc dan cu cd cdng suit khai thae till dua khai nigm sau: md dd ndm gan khu vye nhd din tmng binh khoang td 100.000-^500.000 dan eu Id md ndm each khu cdc nhd ddn hoac cae mVnam Qua dieu tra cho thiy cd din tren 60 % cdng trinh eln duyc bao vg mdt khoang cdch md cdc md su dung phuang tien n l didn, 20 % tiln hdnh n l khai thac gay nhung tae dgng cac md su dung day nd kit hyp vdi kip dign vi sai, cd hai tdi ddi sing eua ngudi, dOng thyc vgt khoang 20 % sd dyng kip phi dign vi sai Do cdc vd mdi trudng xung quanh (nhu sdng ehan dOng, md ndm gan khu dan eu ndn nguy ca gay mit an sdng va ddp khdng Idm nfii ne nhd cua; byi vd todn nd dign, gdy chin dOng, sdng ya dap dOc hai lan tda vuyt qua quy chuan cho phep); khdng khi, bui lan tda ed hgi rdt Idn ddn ddi • Theo khoang cdch an togn, cd t h l dua sing vd phat triln kinh t l eua ngudi ddn song xung khai nigm sau: md da nam gan khu vyc ddn cu la quanh Tuy nhidn, vi nhung ly xd hdi vd sy sing md ed vj tri nd ndm each khu nhd dan hoac cdn eua cac doanh nghigp, buOc cdc md dd vdn phai cac edng trinh edn duyc bao ve mgt khoang cdch hoat dOng Do dd vigc khilu kign eua ngudi ddn vdi tu 100•^500 met Khi Uen hdnh n l min gdy ede doanh nghidp vdn tiiudng xay Day la vln d l nhung tac dOng cd hgi tdi ddi sdng cua ngudi, bde thilt dat cho cae nhd khoa hgc nghien edu dOng thye vdt vd mdi trudng xung quanh phuang phdp n l dien than thiOn vdi mdi trudng Ca s d ly thuydt dng dung cac giai phap Ngodi ra, nlu ap dyng cdc cdng thdc tinh khoang each an toan theo QCVN 02:2008/BCT- nd thdn thien vdi mdi truo-ng Quy chuin Ky thudt Quic gia v l an todn qud Kit qua nghien cdu cua giai phdp ndy la trinh bao quan, vdn ehuyln, su- dyng va tieu huy phuang phdp r)o vdi luyng thulc n l ddi lien V CfiNG NGHIEP MO, stf - |JU_ KHOA HOC VA CfiNG NGH| MO tyc (hoac phan doan can thilt) nhung cd dudng kinh khae nap Id khoan, bao gdm nhilu bai toan Trong sa dd kit eau luyng thudc lo khoan duyc dng dung cd higu qua nhdt t h l hign tren H.1 Rieng ehilu cao cgt khdng duyc tinh tren ca sd n l thye nghigm Id: lkk=(0,15^0.3)12, m hoac cd thl ldy theo kinh nghigm cua eac nhd khoa hpe nude ngodi Id lkk=1.0-^2,0 m thuOe vao chilu sau va dudng kinh Id khoan Trong dd: b Chilu dai luyng thudc nd dudi cd dudng kinh Idn Theo kinh nghiem cho thdy, vj tri cOt khdng hyp ly ty sd luyng thudc: Q2lQz=2l3 H.2 Sa di tinh todn cdc thdng so cOa Iwgng^ thuSc nS npp Id khoan dit dd cdng ding nhit, phdn ldp tw dSc nghidng din d& dwng vd hwdng dm tw ngodi vdo tmng Trong mOt vdi trudng hyp dac biet, da ci>ng dong nhit, ni>t ne va bai nam rat gin cac cflng trinh cin duyc bao ve, luc chfing ta can phSi Unh todn lgi cht tieu thuoc no vd lay d mdc t6i thilu, thay d l i mang va dudng kinh l l khoan, lam dd vln phai dam bao dO cyc cd dudng kinh phiJ hyp vdi cdc thilt bi xfie boc, v|n tai vd d^p nghiin Muon vdy, ta eln phai dp dyng phuang phap n l dge bigt sau ddy: '" H So tinh toan cac thdng sS cua lucmg thuoc _ • Phuang phap lam nd: dp dung phuang pliSp no cd dudng kinh khdc bong l5 khoan, no nd dign vi sai qua hang-qua l6 dgng phde tap ho$c phan doan luang thuoc nS day, tnong dat dd cung tit ban hit Id n l bang ngdi nd phi didn kit hyplM ding nhit, phan ldp tw die nghidng din doc dung, nd vi sai l5 khoan (H.3); i hwdng dm tw trongrangoai Ddi vdi trudng hyp da cdng dong nhdt, phdn Idp vdi hudng cdm tu ngodi vdo (Hinh 2), nang luyng dfing dd phd vd phin dit da phia trdn rit Idn (khd n l min) cdc khii da cd xu hudng truyt vao vd Idm tang sde khang, chdng lai kha ndng phd vd eua chat n l Be giai bdi toan nay, ta cQng ap dyng cdch tinh d bdi todn 1i nhung, luyng thuoc phia tren phai chgn Ipgi thude no cd sdc cdng phd va kha ndng edng nd Idn han luyng thulc phia dudi, hogc phai thay ddi kit elu luyng thulc bang each nd phdn dogn luyng thude ddng thdi, chfi y din vigc lya chgn ehi tidu thudc nd eho phin tren, dya theo cae bang phdn loai ddt da, cQng nhu vdt lieu Idm bua lam tu Kabenlis kit hyp vdi phoi khoan va da ddm Trong thyc t l tiln hdnh no thyc nghidm trudng hyp ndy can ehon loai tiiudc nd manh H.3 -Sa 'cf3' tinh todn cic thdng soc^i , (thudng Id AD-1 phii hyp vdi Nhu tuang) d l dp thuoc ni cd dwdng kinh khdc tmng | dyng phuang phap nd phdi hyp luyng thudc no khoan.khi ni phdn dopn lien tuc Iwgng thuic fl ddi lidn tyc Id khoan ho$c luyng thulc no trdn day, dit dd cCmg ddng nhit, nOi ni ngp lien tyc, luyng tiiuoc n l dudi ngp phdn dogn 1^ CfiNG NGHIEP MO, stf 4-2015 n _^^ KHOA HOC VA CANG NGHE MO • Ket edu luyng thulc: dp dung phuang phap l l vdi dudng kinh khae l5 khoan vd )hdn doan lidn tyc luyng thude n l ddy bdng eac ;0t khdng hay cgt nudc Chilu cao cdc cdt ;hdng hay nudc lay bang khoang each thd ruyln nd cua loai thuoc n l su dyng hodc ed t h l dn han neu dfing day nd lam mdi Bien phap nap thudc co du'd'ng kinh khac ihau Id khoan Doi vdi cOt thuoc cd dudng kinh gan bdng lo choan: ta nap ca thdi vdi dudng kinh gan bdng ludng kinh Id khoan hoge nap chat bdng luyng thudc di De phan dogn luyng tiiudc nd day mOt each ihanh chdng, ta dung dng nhya cd dudng kinh tu 50^0 mm, chilu dai tfnh theo cac edng thdc uyng thudc phan dogn (H.4.a) Doi vdi cOt thulc cd dudng kinh nhd han 3udng kfnh Id khoan: ta chgn thdi thudc dfing theo hilt k l roi tao vanh dai d hai ddu hogc gifi-a thdi huoe bang each cudn gidy nylon hoae bang keo ;H.4.b) rdi tha xulng lo khoan D l tranh vat lieu sua rai vao Idp vd bgc khdng cua luyng thude ;d dudng kinh nhd, phia dinh cua luyng thude ;ln ngp mOt nu-a thdi thude ed dudng kinh bang Judng kinh Id khoan, ddi 15^-20 em Doi vdi eOt ^hdng khi, ta su dyng eae dng nhya hay cde vd ;hai nhya (dd nude vdo cdng tit) tha vao nhu nap ;dethdi thude Bua lam tu- set hoac Kabenlis k i t hp-p /di phoi khoan va da dam Ta bilt ring, cfing dilu kign dp lye nd, :6c dp phut bua phy thuge vao chat, vdt lidu vd ;hilu dai cua bua Nlu vat lieu bua ed trgng luyng h i tich nhd thi thdi gian bjt kin bulng nd ton tgi igdn ban, dd de gdy phut bua sdm vd Idm giam ligu qua pha vd dat dd Theo sd lieu thing ke eho hay, ty lg da qua ed tai cae md 10 thien Vigt Nam hudng chilm tu 5•^20 % Tu nhu-ng van de buc xfie tren, Le Nggc Ninh Ja nghidn cdu vd Unh todn Igi chieu cao cOt bua" heo mli quan hd gida eae thdng sd n l vd Um a v§t lieu bua lam td set Kabenlis (set ed trOn CaO id muoi an) kit hyp vdi phoi khoan vd dd dam cd dc dgng tang higu qua chobua, ding thdi khu bui 'd giam ehdn dgng n l Cdng thdc xdc djnh :hilu cao cgt bua va vdt ligu bua min: l,.a-?^,m (1) Tong a6: qi- Chl tiSu thu6c no tinh toin, kglm'; d Su-frng kinh lo khoan, m; A - Mat dg cua thuoc n6 rang 15 khoan, kg/m° n Cu6n dai bing bang keo hole giay nyion U ^y H.4 Sa cau true Iwang thuic cd dwdng kinh khdc tmng l6 khoan: a - Cau trOc Iwang thuSc lo khoan; b - Cdch tao-khoang khdng xung quanh thdi thuic • Vdt lieu lam bua: d l tdng sdc khang vd hd sd ma sat cua vgt lieu bua vdi thdnh Id khoan, thye nghiem da ehung minh ran^: vdt lidu lam bua tu dit set hogc set Kabenlis kdt hyp vdi phoi khoan va dd ddm tren mat tang cd higu qua nhdt Tinh chgn phu'o-ng tien no dign cho cac md da Hign tren khap ea nude ta cd tren 60 % md da dang su dung phuang tign nd dign Do vdy vigc lya chgn phuang tign no dign phai dam bao nguydn tie dd kilm tra logi tru tdt ca cde moi nguy hilm dp dyng phuang phdp Su dyng phuang Ugn no dign hieu qua phu thuOc vdo cae yeu to nhu: lya chgn va b l tri mgng nd thieh hyp, su dyng ngudn dien cd dign dp thieh hyp vdi mang n l , cdch d i u ghep mgng, bien phdp che day mdi nil vd kilm tra lgi mgng n l nhu t h l nao CfiNG NGHIEP MO, stf 4-2015 ^^_ KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHl MO Lfu dilm ehinh cua khdi n l dien Id cd kha nang kilm tra mgng nd dign trudc n l , logi tru hoan todn kha nang cdm, chi phi phuang tien n l re ban ddy nd vd kip nd vi sai phi dien Nhuyc dilm chinh eua nd dien Id: hay xay nd sdm kip nhiim dign bdi cac y l u td ngoai canh nhu sdt ddnh, Ua c^dp, ddng dien rd, ddng dign lae khdng tuan thu cdng tac kilm tra tdng kip didn trudc sd dung vd danh gid sy cd mat cua ddng didn tge tai khu vyc bdi nd; thdi gian thi cdng (nhat la lam mli) mdt kha nhilu (4-^5 phfit cho mOt mli ddu kip song song) phai ddu ndi ddy xuong lo, ddy mang tren mat va kilm tra mang MOt bai dign cd khii luyng tu 2-;-3 tdn thulc (50-^80 lo khoan), su dung Id khoan d=105 mm, vdi chilu sdu cua lo Lk=10-Hl1 met se chilm mdt khoang thdi gian tu ^ tiing vdi ddi tu 6-^10 ngudi Vi vay, d l dam bao chdt luyng ding dd sau nd ddng deu theo y muln, an todn vd hyp lythi nd bang phuang tidn no diOn c i n su dung khdi luyng thuoc no clio mgt l l n no < tin, ding thdi sd dyng cac so dd no vi sai theo nguydn ^ sau ddy: • Khi md nim each khu ddn cu KP 300^500 m su dung cde sa dd no vi sai qua hdng, qua hang qua lo dang dan gian, dgng sdng tam gidc; *:• Khi md ndm khd gdn khu ddn eu hay cdc cdng trinh cdn duyc bao vd vdi khoang edeh ti> 100^300 m eln phai su dyng sa d l n l qua hdngqua l5 dgng phdc tgp hodc sa n l kit hyp giOa nd vi sai tren mat vdi vi sai l6 khoan Vige Idm mdi nd dign va dau nli cin tudn thu nhu sau: • Ddi vdi Io khoan cd chieu sdu ti> S^8 met nfln su dung mOt mdi kip dign vi sai (cua Vidt Nam), dau song song, ddy dan xuong l5 can chgm logi ddy c6 dudng kinh Idn ban ddy mgng vd ddy Idm kip; H Sa di ni dign dung mdi nS moi moi diu kip song song cho io khoan siu tie 10^12 mdt npp^ phii hap lopi thuic nS va phan ddan twang thuic no day (1,2, 3, la so hl$u kip dau cho mdt l6 min) ft' > D l i vdi lo khoan cd chilu sau td 10^12 met ndn su dyng hai mli, mdi mdi ddu kip diOn sai (cua ViOt Nam) song song Day din xuong Id c i n chgm logi ddy cd dudng kinh Idn ban ddy mgng vd ddy Idm kip Mdi day ndn hudng day kip len trdn (H.5); • Doi vdi l5 khoan cd chilu sdu td 12-^20 met ndn su dyng tu 3^4 moi, m l i moi ddu kip didn vi sai song song Ddy din xulng l5 can chgm logi day ^ CfiNG NGHIEP MO, stf 4-2015 CO dudng kinh Idn han ddy mgng vd ddy Idm kfp Mdi day nen hudng day kip Idn ti-dn Quy trinh ky thu$t nh di^n t^i cdc mo da film g i n khu vy-c dan cu* Dudi ddy se ti-inh bdy chi tilt quy trinh cflng nghO no dign vl sai nhu sau: • Budc Chuin bj Idm vdt lidu bua: v$t li§u bua duyc chuin bj trudc (t nhit ngdy; _^^ KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE MO -Ddi vdi Vy n l cd quy md td 500-^1500 kg, cd he dieu 2-^3 ngudi thy (3 edng) vgn chuyin d i t ;dt (hoae set Kabenlis) va dd dam xung quanh ihu vyc nd d i n vj tri nd d i t set duyc dm dm bdng edeh phun nudc hoae nude hudng hoge nude vdi ndng % pha dung ljch mudi an ning dp % (cd m^set tai pha fdi 100 lit nude) Nlu ddt set da I m s i n thi chdng cdn tdi nudc; - D l i vdi vu nd cd quy md td 1500^2000 kg, ;6 t h l dilu xe nhd cd sue chd 2-^3 tdn d l van :huydn ddt sdt vd dd ddm xung quanh khu vye 10 d i n vj tri n l min; - Ddi vdi vy n l ed quy md ldn 3000 kg, cd t h l 3ilu xe tai Idn cd sdc ehd 10 tan d l van chuyin Jat set vd dd dam xung quanh khu vyc no 3ln vi tri nd Tuy nhidn, phuang phdp n l vdi luyng thuoc n l cd dudng kinh khdc nap lo khoan chi nen dp dung cho cac vy n l ed quy md no