Tuyen tap bao cao khoa hgc Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky thuat Do luflng toan quflc lan thtt IV Hd Ngi, 11-2005 V MOT SO VAN DE TRONG XAY DONG HE THONG CHAN DOAN VA GIAM SAT KY THUAT MAY BIEN AP LUC TRONG HE THONG DIEN VIET NAM Trdn Ky Phdc: Viin Ndng lugng Le Thi Thanh Hd: Dgi hgc Bdch khoa Hd Ndi Tdm tdt: Bdi bdo ndy nghiin cdu cdc phuang phdp chudn dodn vd gidm sdt ky thudt mdy biin dp (MBA) lire Irong hi thd'ng diin (HTD) Bdi bdo cung dua gidi phdp cdu hinh sabd hi thdng chudn dodn ky thudt MBA lire phd hgp dieu kiin Viet Nam, ddng thdi nhdn dgng cdc vdn de kinh li-ki Ihudt cdn gidi quyet xdy dung he thd'ng chdn dodn ndy Abstract: Methods for monitoring and diagnosis of large transformer in power system are presented The paper also shows solution on configuration of Ihe monitoring and diagnosis system compiled with conditions in Vietnam, defines economic- technical problems to be solved in Ihe system design and installing I DAT Ym DE Cdc nhd mdy di?n - dac bifit cdc nha mdy difin cflng sudt Ifln - thttflfng dugc xay dung fl nhttng noi gdn ngufln nang Ittgng so cdp nhu mfl than, mfi khi, ngufln nuflc, nhdm trdnh chi phi vjn chuyfin nhien li$u di xa va ban chfi tdc dflng tifiu cue cia chdt thai t i cdc boat dflng phdt dien dfin mfii tmflng dflng dan cu Dfii lai, ngufli ta phai xdy dung cdc duflng ddy tmyfin tai dfi dua difin ndng dfin cdc trang tam tifiu thu VI dien dp cdc mdy phdt thuflng Id 6,3; 10,5; 15,75; 38,5 kV nfin dfi tang kha ndng trayfin tai va giam tfln hao cflng sudt trdn dttflng ddy cdn ndng cao dien dp truflc tmyfin tai bdng mdy tdng dp Mat khac, dien dp cia tai thttflng thdp (khoang 127 V dfin 500 V dfli vfli tdi thfi'; - 35 kV dfii vfii tai ttung the) nenflcdc nut phu tai cdn dat cac may giam dp Nhu vdy, he thflng dien mufin trayfin tai vd phan phfli di$n nang ttt nhd mdy dien den t?n hfl tieu thy mgt each hgp ly thuflng cdn phai qua hai, tham chi ba, bfln Idn tang, giam ap, vd MBA la mflt nhung phdn ti chi dao, khflng thfi thifiu, da dang vfi chung loai va nhifiu vi sfl Ittgng HTD Dfl tin cay vdn hdnh cia cac may bifin ap ndy fl mflt mic dfi nao dfl quyfi't dinh chdt lugng cung cd'p difin ndng cho he thfing difin qufic gia Su cfi MBA, dac biet cdc MBA luc (cd'p 110 kV trfl len cfing sudt lfin, thu&ng ttt 40 MVA dfi'n 250 MVA hodc cao hon), gay cdc tfin thdt Ifln vfi kinh tfi nfin nganh dien cdn tim kifim vd dp dung cdc giai phdp httu hifiu dfi bao ve MBA khfli cdc su cfi dfit xudt Mat ttong nhttng giai phdp dang dugc si dung khd phfl bie'n tren thfi gioi hien ma ngdnh dien Viet Nam cdn nghifin cttu dp dung la H6 thfi'ng gidm sdt va chdn dodn ky thudt lifin tuc trang thai MBA 396 IL HIEN TRANG C N G TAC CHAN DOAN VA GIAM SAT KY THUAT MBA VlftT NAM Dfii vfli HTD Viet Nam so Iugng va cflng sudt MBA luc du kifin ldp ddt t i dfin nam 2020 theo Quy hoach phdt trien dien luc qufic gia giai doan 2000-2010 cfi xet dfin 2020 nhtt sau: Bang So lugng va tdng cong suat cae MBA du kie'n lap dat, so MBA/ MVA 2011-2020 Cdp dien ap / Giai doan 2002-2005 2006-2010 SOOkV 11/5200 7/3300 17/19550 220kV 54/8815 49/8189 144/22313 11 OkV 192 334 Su cd MBA, dde bifit ede MBA luc (cdp 110 kV trd Ifin cdng sudt Idn, thudng tfi 40 MVA dfi'n 250 MVA bode eao hon), gdy cae tdn thd't Idn vl kinh t l xa hgi Nghifin cfiu va dp dung cdc giai phdp dl bao vfi MBA khdi cde su cd dflt xudt, ndng cao ehdt lugng cung cdp difin ndng, giam tdn thdt vl kinh tl Id mflt nhfing nhifim vu uu tifin hang ddu cua ngdnh difin Tuy nhifin, cho dfi'n thdi dilm ndy, nganh dien Vifit Nam chua cd dinh hudng ro rang linh vue chdn dodn vd gidm sdt ky thudt thifi't bi difin cao dp ndi chung vd MBA lue ndirifing.Cac phuong phdp bao vfi MBA lue hifin nhu bao vfi so Ifich, qud ddng, diu theo nguyfin tde "da rdi", ehua du bdo ede su ed cd thi xay Mflt sd cde su cd lien quan din MBA nhu nd sfi, su ed ngdn mach cufln ddy, diu khflng duge chdn doan trudc bdng cdc bifin phdp ndy Rifing ro le mdt sd trudng hgp cd thi giup phdt hien cde khuylt tdt kem theo hifin tugng thodt rdt manh tfi MBA Khi dd vific cd ldp kip thdi MBA se ngdn ngfia khuyfi't tdt phdt triin hu hdng Idn va ngdn ngfia vific dfing may su cd Tuy nhifin, phuong phdp sfi dung ro le cd nhihig ban ehl nhdt dinh Nd ehi cho phep phdt hifin ede khuylt tdt da phdt triin du Idn va vi khdng nhdn dang dugc loai phdn huy tfi ddu MBA nfin khdng cd kha ndng cung edp eae thflng tin vl chung loai, vi tri cde khuyfi't tdt MBA Do eac gidi ban vl vfl'n ddu tu, kit cdu ludi va phucftig thfic vdn hdnh nfin nhilu MBA trfin lu^ difin Vifit Nam budc phai vdn hanh vdi mdt cbl dfl qud tai nao dd Diiu nay, mdt mdt yfiu cdu phai ddnh gia kha ndng mang tai cua MBA; mdt khac, cdn phai ehdn dodn trudc duge cdc hifin tugng phdt triin su cd cue bfi thdnh su ed cua ca MBA diiu kifin vdn hdnh khdc nghifit hon so vdi dinh mfic ma MBA dfigc thifi't kl III MOT SO GlAl PHAP X A Y DUNG HE THONG G I A M SAT V A CHAN D O A N KY THUAT MBA N G A N H DIEN VIET NAM 3.1 C^c phirong phap chan doan ky thuat MBA hien dai Hfi thdng chdn dodn va giam sat ky thudt MBA eung nhu cac thilt bi difin khdc la mdt hfi thd'ng edng nghfi dam bao cdc chfic ndng sau: - Chdn dodn dugc tdi da cac tinh trang ky thudt trudc x^y su cd ddi vdi MBA, trfin CO sd dd cd k l hoach chii ddng hon bao dudng, sfia chtta vd thay thi MBA trfin ludi (Chfic ndng chdn doan) 397 - Thu thap va phdn ti'ch thfing tin vfi tinh trang ky thuat MBA ttfin lufli ttong sufit qud ttinh van hanh, trfin co sfl dfl cfl cdc giai phap van hdnh tfii uu cho MBA (Chttc nang gidm sdt) He thfing chdn dodn va giam sdt ky thudt MBA dugc xdy dung ttfin co so mfit hodc mfit sfi cdc phttong phap phdn tich sau: 1) Phan tich nhiet difim nflng nhdt cufln day (Winding hot-spot Temperature) 2) Phdn tl'ch phdn buy ttt ddu MBA (Dissolved Gas Analysis - DGA) 3) Phan tich dfi dm cud ddu MBA vd c i a gidy cdch dien (Moistore Analysis) 4) Phan tl'ch phfing difin cue bfi (Partial Discharge Analysis) Dufii ddy la mfl ta so luge ve cac phugng phap 1) Phan tich nhifit dfl difim nfing nhdt cufin ddy (Winding hot-spot Temperature) Ban chdt c i a phuong phdp phdn tich nhiet dfl difim nflng nha't cufln day Id s i dung sfi lifiu nhiet dfi lop ddu Ufin c i a MBA, phu tai ting thfli difim c i a MBA vd cdc dac ti'nh ky thudt c i a MBA dfi ti'nh ra: a) Nhifit dfi difim nflng nhdt cua cufln ddy MBA (Nfi'u nhifit dfl ndy dugc dfii vfii mfit sfi MBA thi khflng cdn tinh todn) b) Tfic dfi vd m i c dfl lao hod c i a cdch difin Trfin CO sfl dfl dtta cdc x i li sau: a) Dtta cac canh bdo hoac tin hifiu di cat MBA khfli he thflng nfiu nhifit dfl cia lflp ddu ttfin va/hode nhifit dfi difim nflng nhdt cufln day vuot qud gifli ban cho phep b) Ddnh gid tfic dfi lao hod nhifit ttng vfii chfi dfi mang tdi hifin hanh va tufii thg tmng binh cfln lai c i a MBA Dfi ti'nh tflc dfl lao hod cufli c i n g cdn nhdn tfic dfl lao hod nhiet vd tflc dfl lao hod cfl hoi dm ddu vd gidy each dien c) Tren CO sfl nhiet dfl ddu, nhiet dfl cufln ddy va tflc dfl lao hod va tinh dugc danh gid difiu kifin mang tai cua MBA vd dfi xudt chfi dfl mang tai hgp Ii c i a MBA Tinh kha thi vfi ky thuat c i a phugng phdp Id khd ro vi da sfi cdc MBA trfin lufli hien dfiu dttgc trang bi cdc dfing hfl nhifit dfi cdn thifit neu trfin Tinh kha thi vfi kinh tfi cung cung cfl thfi ddnh gid thflng qua hieu qua nhfl cdnh bao truflc hien tugng qua nhiet dfl cho phfip c i a ddu vd cufin ddy, cung nhu dfi xudt dugc chfi mang tai hgp li vfi kinh tfiki thuat c i a MBA va giup qud trinh gidm sat tufli thg trang binh cfin lai cua MBA Phuong phdp cfl thfi dp dung on-line (cung vfli he thfing gidm sdt chdn doan chung) hoac off-line theo vai ab cia MBA ttong hfi thfing vd quy mfi ddu ttt cho phep 2) Phdn tl'ch phan buy t i ddu MBA (Dissolved Gas Analysis - DGA) Phttong phdp ndy dtta ttfin mfii tuong quan gitta hifin tugng sinh phan hu^ t i ddu vd cdc loai su cfi cue bfi MBA Uu difim c i a phttong phdp Id fl chfi cdc stt cfi dang phdt trifin cfi thfi nhdn bifi't dugc rdt Idu ttuflc su cfi nghifim trgng xay va truflc rg le tdc dfing Thflng thuflng cdn thifi't hi loai H j , CO, Cfl, va Q H , Ngodi ra, cfl th^ phan tich them methan (CH,), ethan (CjHj), dioxide carbon (CO,) Dufli day Id mflt sfi vi du vi su tttong quan gitta xudt hien vd loai stt cfi cue bfi MBA [2]: - H,: Ddu hifiu cfl phflng difin cue bfl ttong MBA - CO: Ddu hieu gidy each difin hi dun nflng - Q H j : Ddu hieu cfl hfi quang dien (arc) 398 - C2H4: Ddu hifiu cd kim loai ddu bi dun ndng 3) Phdn tich dd dm cud ddu MBA vd cda gidy cdch diin (Moisture Analysis) Vidu: mflt mfl hinh phdn tich dfl dm dua trfin cdc phep sau: - Dfl dm tuong ddi cua ddu - Nhifit dfl tai cam biln dfl dm - Nhifit dfl Idp ddu trfin - Ddng tai Cac sd lifiu ddu cua phuong phdp ndy la: - Ham lugng nude dm cd gidy cdch difin (ti'nh trfin co sd dudng eong cdn bdng dd dm theo Oommen vd Fessler) - Hfi sd lao hod anh hudng eua nude cdch dien (tinh trfin co sd ham lugng nude dm cd gidy cdch difin ).Hfi sd lao hod se duoc nhdn vdi hfi sd lao hod nhifit dl tinh he sd lao hod cudi cfing - Nhifit dd khdi tao bot Di dam bao an toan, md hinh ddnh gid thudng ddt trudc khoang each giiia gia tri nhiet dfl dilm ndng nhdt eua cufln ddy vd nhifit dfi khdi tao bgt (vi du, khoang 70°C) Khi khoang each giam xudng thi mdt tin hifiu bao ddng se duge phdt 4) Phdn tich phdng diin cue bd Do va phdn tich phdng difin cue bd (PD) la ki thudt chdn dodn MBA thuflc loai phfic tap vd khd dua vao thue tl cdc ban chi vl vd xfi li tin bifiu PD dugc Mfic PD khdng binh thfidng la ddu hifiu cua su xudt hien cac bgt khf, bui kim loai ddu, hdng cue bd gidy cdeh dien eua cudn ddy, Hifin ngudi ta thudng sfi dung phuong phdp sdng dm vd phuong phap difin dl phdt hifin, vd phdn tich PD Phuong phdp sdng dm dua trfin hifin tugng xudt hifin sdng dm lan truyin mfli trudng ddu MBA xud't hifin PD Phucmg phap sfi dung cdc cam biln piezzoelectric hodc cap quang Phuong phap difin phat hifin PD dua trfin vific sfi dung cdc mach tao tin hifiu dugc mfli xud't hifin PD cdeh difin MBA Ngodi ra, hifin trfin thi gidi dang nghifin cfiu va dfia ddn vao dp dung phuong phdp UHF vd phuong phdp cde ddp fing difin mdi PhfiOng phdp UHF da dfigc sir dung khd thdnh cdng giam sat PD cdc tram cdch difin (GIS) - dang bude ddu dp dung eho MBA 3.2 Mdt sd giai phap xay dung he thdng giam sat va ch^n doan ky thuat MBA nganh dien Viet Nam Nghifin efiu tdng quan cdc phfiOng phap gidm sdt vd chdn dodn ki thudt MBA vd tinh hinh vdn hanh bao dudng eac MBA trfin ludi difin Viet Nam ddt eac vdn dl cdn giai quyfi't nhu sau: 1/ Lua chgn cd'u hlnh vd chfic nang cua hfi thdng chdn dodn hgp Ii va hifiu qua dap ihig vai trd ciaa MBA hfi thdng va cdc rang budc vl vdn ddu tu So bd ddi vdi cac MBA trfin HID Viet Nam ed thi xem xet ede giai phap sau: - Dd'i vdi MBA 110 kV: Do vai trd cac MBA ndy hfi thdng, gidi ban cdu hinh vdi chfic ndng phdn ti'ch nhifit dd dilm ndng nhdt eua cufln ddy MBA Cdu hinh ndy cho phip xde dinh nhifit dd dilm ndng nhdt cua cufln ddy MBA, tdc dd va mfic dd lao hoa cua cdeh difin MBA, tfi dd dfia cdc canh bdo hodc tm hifiu di cdt MBA khdi hfi thdng nlu 399 nhiet dfi vttgt qud gifii ban cho phep Ngoai ra, trfin co sfl nhifit dfi ddu, nhiet dfi cufin ddy va tflc lao hod vd tinh dugc cfi thfi ddnh gia difiu kifin mang tai c i a MBA va dfi xudt chfi dfl mang tai hgp li c i a MBA - Dfli vfli MBA 220 kV: Ngoai phan ti'ch nhiet dfl difim nflng nha't c i a cufln day, dfli voi MBA 220 kV hfi thfing chdn dodn vd gidm sat cdn bfi sung c h i c ndng phdn tich phan huy t i ddu vd phdn tich dm cua ddu vd gidy cdch difin Hinh la cdu hinh hfi thfing cho traflng hgp Cau hinh cho phep xdc dinh loai vd vi tti khifim khuyfit cfi thfi ddn den stt co MBA Bfl difiu dp dttfli tai MBA cung Id dfii tugng gidm sdt chdn dodn theo cdu hinh vai ttfl quan trgng vd dfl tin cay khfing cao c i a nfi ttong MBA - Dfli vfli MBA 500 kV: Do vai tto quan trgng HTD Viet Nam, cdc MBA 500 kV khuyfin cdo nen van hdnh dufli su gidm sdt va chdn doan c i a mflt he thfing on-line vfii ddy du chttc ndng, t i gidm sdt nhiet dfl, dfi dm, phdn buy cho dfin va phdn ti'ch phan bfi cdc phflng difin cue bfl vl lgi ich t i he thfing vttgt xa chi phi ddu ur thifit bi chdn doan Rieng dfl'i vfli cdc MBA tdng dp fl cdc nhd mdy dien, quy mfi cfing sud't vd vai ttfl cdc tfl mdy ttong hfi thfing ma xac dinh cdu hlnh hgp Ii, Itta chon mflt ttong cdu hinh nfiu tren • * 2/ Phan tl'ch hieu qua kmh tfi - ky thudt cua vi6c dp dung he thfing gidm sdt va chdn dodn ki thuat mdy bifin dp HTO Viet Nam Tinh toan hieu qua cfl thfi dua trfin tttong quan chi phi dau ttt he thfing Chan dodn va gid thdnh MBA, hoac cfi thfi tinh todn ddy d i ding phuang phdp phan tich lgi Ich - chi phi trfin cg sfl cac sfi lieu ddu vao vfi gid ddu hi he thfing chdn dodn, tfin thdt kinh tfi ttt vific cat difin su cfi dfit xudt khfing chdn dodn va du bdo kip thfli _ 3/ He thfing gidm sdt vd chdn dodn ky thuat MBA cho ngdnh difin Vifit Nam phai dam bao cdc c h i c nang chung sau: - Thu thap vd x i Ii sfl lieu van hdnh c i a MBA 400 - s i dung cdc mfi hinh phu hgp vd dfl tin cdy cao (mfl hinh nhifit, mfl hinh tao phan huy t i ddu,v.v ) ti'nh todn gid tti cac thflng sfl giam sdt va chdn dodn tinh ttang thuc tfi cia MBA - Dat cdc gid tri nguflng cho cdc thfing sfi gidm sdt vd dtta cdc canh bao ve tinh trang MBA, phdt hien finh ttang nghifim trgng miflc su co xay thuc su - Luu trtt dtt lifiu vd kfit qua phan tich cho tray cdp dinh ki ttt xa - Dtta cac tm hifiu difiu khifin quat ldm mdt vd cdc thifit hi bao vfi MBA khdc Tich hgp thfing tin thfing qua mang LAN va WAN cia nganh dien, ve Idu dai nghifin cttu kha nang si dung mang khfing ddy WLL CDMA - 450 MHz cia vifin thflng dien luc - Tich hgp thflng tin thflng qua mang Internet dfi cfl the tmy cap ttt van phflng Trang tam difiu dfl HTD quflc gia AO, trang tam difiu dfl cdc cdp vd ngttfli tray cdp Cdc mfl hinh du kifin s i dung: a) Mfl hinh nhiet dfl diem nflng nha't cufln day vd lao hod cdch difln: si dung mfl hinh lEC 60354 hoac IEEE C57.91 b)Mfi hinh phan tich dfl dm: si dung duflrng cong can bdng dfl dm theo Oommen vd Fessler, ti'nh he sfl lao hod anh huomg cia nufic ttong cdch dien vd nhifit dfi khoi tao bot c)Mfl hinh phan tich phan buy: si dung mfl hinh ttt IEEE C57.I04 hoac lEC 60599 [2, 3] Tflm lai, xay dung bfi thfing gidm sdt vd chdn dodn ky thuat MBA thay vi nhap ngoai Id cdn thifit (vi ngoai cdc li kinh te cdn tinh dfin cdc ddc thu cia MBA va difiu kien van hdnh ttong HTD Viet Nam) va hodn todn kha thi Hifin nay, ngdnh dien Vifit Nam dang phfii hgp vfli cdc co quan nghifin cttu nuflc (Dai hgc Bdch khoa Ha Nfii, Vifin Nang Iugng, ) xay dung he thfing ndy va da co ban hoan pha ddu cia dtt dn lien quan dfin mfl hinh phan tich difim nflng nhdt cufln day [4] Mfi hinh x i li sfi lifiu ve nfing dfi phdn buy dang dugc nghifin cttu xdy dung Tdi liiu tham khdo: [1] An Integrated System Approach al Commonwealth Edison Presentation at the GE Energy Management Monitoring Conference, Nov 2000 [2] lEC 599 Interpretation of the Analysis of Gases in Transformer and Other Oilfilled Electrical Equipment in Service [3] ANSIIIEEE C57.104 Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil Immersed Transformer ]4] Chuang trinh xdy dung he Ihdng chdn dodn gidm sdt ki thudt thii't bi diin cao dp ngdnh diin Viet Nam EVN- Ban KT Ihudt ludi diin - Tdi liiu ndi bd - 2001 401 ... TRANG C N G TAC CHAN DOAN VA GIAM SAT KY THUAT MBA VlftT NAM Dfii vfli HTD Viet Nam so Iugng va cflng sudt MBA luc du kifin ldp ddt t i dfin nam 2020 theo Quy hoach phdt trien dien luc qufic gia... thuat MBA nganh dien Viet Nam Nghifin efiu tdng quan cdc phfiOng phap gidm sdt vd chdn dodn ki thudt MBA vd tinh hinh vdn hanh bao dudng eac MBA trfin ludi difin Viet Nam ddt eac vdn dl cdn giai... tinh dfin cdc ddc thu cia MBA va difiu kien van hdnh ttong HTD Viet Nam) va hodn todn kha thi Hifin nay, ngdnh dien Vifit Nam dang phfii hgp vfli cdc co quan nghifin cttu nuflc (Dai hgc Bdch