• KHOA HOC CONG NGHE • MO HiNH T CHLFC Ll/U VlfC SONG KHU VLFC TAY NGUYEN TS NGUYEN L^P DAN TS NGUYEN DINH NINH Tom tat: Tdy Nguyen co vi tri chien luac het sire quan trpng ve kinh te, chinh tri, quoc phong doi vdi cd nude vd khu vuc Dong Duang, co tdi nguyen ddt, nuac, rieng khd phong phii, la vung co nhieu tiem ndng uu the de phdt trien kinh ti todn dien Trong vdi thgp ky qua, Tdy Nguyen co budc phdt trien vuat bgc Mot nhUng gidi phdp quan la nhd nuac vd nhdn ddn da ddu tuxdy dung nhieu he thong thuy lai, thuy dien, cdp nude sinh hogt Muc tieu cua ke hogch phdt trien kinh te xa hoi khu vuc Tdy Nguyen den ndm 2020 la phdt trien dinh vd ben vimg tren ca sd to chuc khong gian cdc hogt dong kinh te, xa hoi phii hap, xdy dung h thong ca sd hg tdng dgt muc trung binh so vdi cd nuac, tgo chuyen bien cdn bdn ve phdt trien todn dien kinh te xa hoi, lieng budc dua Tdy Nguyen trd thdnh vung dong luc phdt trien kinh te cua cd nude, khdng ngimg ndng cao ddi song vdt chat vd tinh thdn cua nhdn ddn, bdo ve mdi trudng sinh thdi, bdo ddm quoc phong an ninh Phdn ddu tdc tdng truang kinh te (GDP) binh qudn hdng n giai dogn 2016^2020 dgt 8,7%/ndm, GDP binh qudn ddu nguai dgt khodng 46 trieu dong Ty trg cong nghiep, nong nghiep vd djch vu ca cdu kinh te tuang icng la 34,7%, 35% vd 30,3% De dgt duac cdc muc tieu kinh te xd hoi vd moi trudng khu vuc Tdy Nguyen, cdc cong trinh khai thdc va su dung nude phdi cd su tdng cuang, bo sung eac gidi phdp mang linh dong bo (gidi phdp cong trinh vd gidi phdp phi cong trinh) phdi thuc hien qudn ly tong hap tdi nguyen nude, idy luu vuc song ldm dan vi ea sd vdi md hinh dap ung duac nhiing nguyen tdc cua qudn ly tong hgp, phii hap vai the che vd ddc diem eua khu vuc Tdy Nguyen mdi ed the dap ung dugc nhu cdu phdt trien vd dam bdo su ben vimg Khu vyc Tay Nguyen bao gdm tinh Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Die Ldc, Die Ndng va Lam Ddng cd tdng dien tich ty nhien 54.640 km^ dan sd 2010 khoang 5.214.200 ngudi, chilm 16,5% ve dien tich va 5,8% v£ dan sd so vdi cd nude (ty le ngudi dan tdc chiem 44,6%) Day la vung cd vi tri chien luge het siic quan trgng ve kinh tl, chinh tri, qude phdng ddi vdi ca nude va khu vyc Ddng Duong, la vimg cd nhieu tiim nang uu thi de phdt trien kinh te Nam 2010, ty trgng GDP cua cdng nghiep - xay dyng dat 23,13%, ndng lam nghi?p 46,95%, djch vy 29,92%, nhjp dp tang trudng GDP thdi ky 20062010 dat binh quan 8,0-9,0% Tay Nguyen nam tren nen dja hinh d dp cao tir 250-^2.500m, la dau ngudn cua he thdng sdng ldn: Thugng sdng Se San (Dien tich luu vyc 11.620 km^), sdng Ba (11.410 km^), thugng sdng Srepok (17.721 km^), sdng Ddng Nai (2.010 km^) vd ed he thdng giao thdng quan trgng nhu dudng qude Id 14, 19, 20, 24, 25, 27 Tdng dien tieh rimg todn viing hien gin trieu vdi nhieu loai go quy chilm gin 60% dat ty nhien Tay NguySn ed hau nhiet ddi gid mua, vdi miia mua va khd ro ret, mua mua tir thang V din thdng X Lugng mua nam tir 1.200-^2.800 mm, nhiet binh quan tir 21,8°C-23,7°C, lugng bdc hoi binh quan ndm 1.100-1.200 mm Mac dii nhieu nam qua, nha nude va TAPCHfTAl NGUYEN NU(5C 504-2014 25 • KHOA HOC CONG NGHE • nhan dan da diu tu xay dyng nhieu he thdng thuy loi, thuy dien, cip nude sinh boat nhung tinh hinh khd khan khai thac va su dung nude khu vyc Tay Nguyen van chua duge giai quylt triet dl Tinh tr^g ban ban, thieu nude vdn thudng xuyen xdy Vu Ddng Xuan 2012-2013 tren dia ban eac tinh Tay Nguyen trimg vdo thdi ky miia khd (tir thdng 11 denthang ndm sau), miia mua ket thiic sdm (con mua cudi mua vao 6/10/2012, binh thudng mua den bet thdng 11, vi vay cdc sdng sudi, ao hd deu can nude Den cudi thang 3/2013, cac cdng trinh thuy lgi nhd hdu het bi can kiet, myc nude hd ndm dudi myc nude chet, ca biet cd mdt sd.hd da bj can tro day, anh hudng nghiem trgng den san xudt va sinh hoEit tren cac dja ban eac tinh Tay Nguyen Thdng ke den 11/3/2013 dien tich mdt so cay trdng chinh tren dja ban tinh Tay Nguyen la 691.521 ha, dd dien tich liia 78.420 ha, dien tieh cd phe; 550.234 ha, cay tieu: 24.000 ha, cay trdng khac 41.867 Theo tai lieu tdng hgp tir dja phuang dien tieh bj han nhu sau: Liia 14.624 ha, ca phe 34.396 ha, cay trdng khac 860 Trong dd dien tieh cd kha ndng mat trang; 16a 2.475 ha, cay ca phe 5.105 ha, cay khae 127 NhiJng mdu thuan khai thac, sir dung tai nguyen nude giOa cdc ngdnh va cac dia phuong khu vyc Tdy Nguyen da va dang diln ngdy cang gay gat de dga phdt trien bin vimg Nhirng thach thire quan Iy Tai nguyen nirdc l.l.Hf thdng thi chi Phap luat tai nguyen nude chua quy dinh rd rang, cy the ve trach nhiem bao ve tai nguyen nude cua cae co qiian quan ly nha nude ed lien quan, cua Uy ban nhdn dan cdc cip, chua quy djnh cu the vl giao due cpng ddng bao v? tai nguyen nude 26 TAPCHfTAl NGUYEN NU(5CS04-2014 Mac dii cd thi thiy rd gia trj kinh te tai nguyen nude, song qua thye te, quan ly nha nude vl tai nguyen nude, van de kinh te, tai chinh ITnh vyc tai nguyen nude chua dupc coi la bien phap quan trgng gdp phan bdo ve ben virng tai nguyen nude Hang ndm, Chinh phu phai diu tu kinh phi ldn bao ve tai nguyen nude, phdng, chdng, khde phuc hdu qua, tae hai nude gay Nhung ngudn kinh phi thyc hien nhiem vu rit ban chl vi hipn ehua co mdt eo che kinh te, tai ehinh cy the Co chl huy ddng su tham gia ciia khu vyc tu nhan vao dau tu, bdo ve, phat trien tai nguyen nude chua day du Dieu ndy ddc biet quan trgng giai doan nganh nude doi hdi toan dan eiing tham gia bao ve vd phat trien tai nguyen He thdng vdn ban cdng kenh vira thira vira thieu Cae ngbien cuu tdng the he thdng van ban cd su chdng cheo, vi du: Lugt De dilu dieu chinh nhung ndi dung lien quan den cdng trinh de dilu, mdt loai edng trinh thuy lgi ddc thil vdi nhiem vu ngan nude lu eua sdng ho|c ngdn nude bien; Luat Tai nguyen nude ciing quy djnh phdng chdng cac tdc hai nude gdy va quy dinh mpt sd ndi dung lien quan din ITnh vyc thuy lgi, de dieu; mot sd van ban phap luat hien hdnh khac cung de cap nhimg khia canh lien quan den ITnh vyc thuy lgi Tuy nhien, chua cd vdn ban phdp luat dilu chinh toan di?n nhung npi dung lien quan den eac nhipm vy phat trien nganh nude Nhimg khd khan bit cap quan ly, khai thac tai nguyen nude d khu vyc Tay nguyen bpc Id rat rd han chl nay; nhit la nhihig ndm han hdn, mua it, nhu mua khd nam 2013 1.2 Ban hdnh vd diiu chinh cdc vdn ban phdp luat Cac van ban phap luat ban hdnh nhilu nhung viec trien khai thyc te cham, chua dap iing diy du, kip thdi nhu cau phat trien cac nganh kinh • KHOA HOC CONG NGHE • te, mdt sd vdn ban khd cd the thyc thi thyc te Phdp lenh Khai thac va Bao ve cdng trinh thuy lgi dugc Qude hdi thdng qua 31/8/1994, nhung mdi din ngdy 04/04/2001 mdi dugc thay thi bdng phdp lenh sd 32/2001/PL~ UBTVQH va gan ndm sau Chinh phu mdi ban hanh Nghi dinh sd I43/2003/ND-CP Quy dinh chi tiet thi hdnh mot sd dieu cua Phap lenh Khai thdc va Bao ve cdng trinh thiiy Igi; nhieu ndm sau mdl ban hanh Nghi dinh thay ddi, dilu chinh: Nghi djnh sd 154/2007/ND-CP 15/10/2007; Nghi dinh sd 115/2008/ND-CP 14/11/2008, la Nghj dinh sd 67/2012/ND-CP ngdy 10/9/2012 ciia Chinh phu ve sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Nghj dinh sd 143/2003/ND-CP Sau cd Nghi djnh lai phdi chd thdng tu cua cdc Bd hudng dan nen sau Nghj djnh ban hanh cd mdt hai nam sau mdi vao dugc cudc sdng 1.3 Bieu tra cff bdn, kiem ke, ddnh gid tdi nguyen ntr&c Dieu tra co ban, quan trac, dy bao, kiem ke, danh gid tai nguyen nude va thdng tin, dii lipu ve tai nguyen nude la nen tang co ban cua cdng tdc quy hoach, qudn ly cac hoat ddng khai thdc, sir dyng, bao vp vd phdng, chdng tac hai nude gay Tuy nhien, chua cd quy djnh cu the Luat, mdi chi quy djnh cdc nguyen tic ve trdch nhipm thyc hien didu tra co ban; thieu cdc quy djnh ve nguyen tdc, ndi dung, yeu eau, phan cdng, phan cap trach nhiem thyc hien Dilu dd dang la nhiing trd ngai ldn cho viec triln khai cdc hoat ddng dieu tra co ban, kiem ke, danh gia tai nguyen nude tren dia ban Tay Nguyen, dan din thdng tin, sd lieu vl tai nguyen nude tren dia bdn vira thilu, vira phan tan va khdng ddng bp; khdng ndm dugc tai nguyen nude cu thi ciia tiing luu vyc, khu vyc; khdng dy bao sdm dugc tinh hinh tai nguyen nude de cd nhimg bipn phap chu dgng iing phd, va khdng dli thdng tin de gidi quyet, xir ly nhung vin de phdt sinh thyc tien He thdng quan trie, cdng nghe, dieu tra eo bdn phyc vu edng tac dy bao, canh bao lii, lut, ban han, thilu nude d khu vuc Tay Nguyen edn nhilu ban chl, ehua bdo dam chu dpng viec kiem soat lu, ban Chua cd ngdn hang du lieu tdi nguyen nude cac sdng khu vyc Tay nguyen Che bao cao, cung cap dii lieu, thdng tin ve tai nguyen nude, khai thde, su dyng nude eae nganh, eac dja phuang va cac td chiic, ca nhan chua dugc col trgng 1.4 Cong tdc quy hoach tdi nguyen nud'c Mac dii Luat Tai nguyen nude da xac djnh vai tro cua viee xay dyng va thyc hien quy hoach tai nguyen nude; quy djnh mpi boat ddng bao ve, khai thae, sir dyng tai nguyen nude va phdng ehdng, khac phuc hau qua tac hai nude gay phai tuan thu quy hoach tai nguyen nude Tuy nhien, cdng tac quy hoach tai nguyen nude cdn cham, Luat mdi chi quy djnh ve nguyen tae, thieu eac quy dinh cy the ve ndi dung, trinh ty thu tyc lap, tham djnh, thim quyen phe duyet Ben canh do, chua cd co chl, bien phap cy the de bdo dam quy hoach khai thdc, sir dyng nude ciia eae nganh, ITnh vyc cd lien quan den su dung tai nguyen nude phit hgp vdi quy hoach tai nguyen nude, bdo dam su dung tdng hgp, hieu qud vd da muc tieu cae ngudn nude Viec thieu quy hoach, cung vdi thilu mdt td chiic dli manh de dieu phdi cae boat ddng tren luu vuc da phdt sinh nhiing van dl lien nganh, lien dja phuang cin gidi quylt nhung chua dugc phdi hgp xu Iy kjp thdi Nhiing vin dl tren din tdi viec khai thac, su dung tai nguyen nude ehua hgp ly, chua bag dam tdng hgp, hieu qua; chua gin kit giiia khai thac, sir dung vdi bao vp, vdi phdng, chdng tac hai nude gay ra; quan ly chit lugng va sd lugng khdng di ddi vdi va cilng lam han che hieu qua thyc thi ciia Luat tren thyc tl TAPCHfTAlN6UYĐNNa(5CS(54-2014 27 ã KHOA HOC CONG NGHE • Nhftng quy hoach da thyc hien hau het la quy hoach dcm nganh, chua xem xet day du den khai thac tdng hop, da myc tieu, chua quan tam den bao ve mdi tmdng sinh thai du edng trinh tren ddng chinh, ddng nhanh 1.5 Bdo ve tdi nguyen nit&c He thing van ban quy pham phap ludt phuc vy cdng tae quan ly, bdo ve tai nguyen nude cdn thilu va chua ddng bd, khdng cd dieu luat quy dinh ve bao ve cde he sinh thai thiiy sinh, bdo ve long, bd, bai sdng, hanh lang bdo ve ngudn nude va thilu cac quy dinh ve bao ve sd lugng nude Mpt sd vdn ban dugc ban banh cham khien viec thyc thi cac dieu luat vao cudc sdng cdn rat khd khan Mdt sd quy djnh bao ve tai nguyen nude Lu^t da nhung chua cu the, ro rang, nhiing van de phat sinh thyc tien nhung chua dupc dieu ehinh, eu the: - Bao ve tai nguySn nude bao gdm bdo ve ca sd lugng vd chat lugng, nude mat va nude dudi ddt Tuy nhien, cae quy djnh mdi chi chu trpng ve bao ve ehdt lugng nude va ciing chi ehu trgng ddi vdi nude mat, chua cd quy djnh cu the dd bao vp sd lugng nude, phdng, ehdng suy thoai, can kiet ngudn nude - Kiem sodt chat che cae boat ddng gay d nhiem ngudn nude de phdng ngira d nhiem ngudn nude, nhung thieu quy djnh cy thi dl kiem soat cdc ngudn gay nhiem ngudn nude, anh hudng din cac muc dich sii dyng nude, chua CO che tai dii manh de xir ly va ehua gdn ket vdi phdp ludt ve bao ve mdi tmdng - Viec bdo ve eac ngudn nude quan trgng nhu sdng, sudi, hd, dam,., edn chua cd quy djnh, eu the de kiem sodt eac boat dgng ven nguon nude, cd nguy ca gay d nhiem, suy thoai, can kiet ngudn nude; chua cd quy djnh vl hanh lang dl bao ve, phdng ngira d nhiem nguon nude cac sdng, hd va ngudn nude quan trgng khac - Hoat dpng quan ly, kilm soat d nhiem nude 28 TAPCHITAI NGUYEN NLrc5CS{54-2014 tap trung d khu vyc thi va cae doan sdng xung quanh phd va khu cdng nghiep; nhiing van de ve kiem sodt chat lugng nude va nhilm nude d cdc vimg ndng thdn ehua dugc quan tam thoa dang 1.6 Khai thdc, su dung tdt nguyen nu&c Khai thdc, su dung tdng hgp, da muc tieu tai nguyen nude Id mdt nhiing nguyen tdc quan ly boat dgng khai thae, sii dung nude cua cac nganh, ITnh vyc, dja phuang tren eac luu vyc sdng Tuy nhien, thieu quy djnh cu the, thilu bien phdp, che tdi nen hoat ddng khai thdc, sir dung nude chua dugc qudn 1^, didu phdi thdng nhat dan den hieu qua sir dung nude chua cao; tinh trang sir dung nude lang phi, thieu hieu qua kha phd bien Chua cd ke hoach dieu hda, phan bd ngudn nude, thieu sy dieu phdi chung trSn cae Iuu vy;c sdng, nen chua phat huy dugc hieu qua eac cdng trinh khai thac nude, kl ca cde cdng trinh da muc tieu viec phdi hgp dilu tilt ngudn nude phuc vyyeu cdu phdng, chdng Iu, cip nude cho du va eac nhiem vy chinh eua cong trinh • KHOA HOC CONG NGHE • Nhieu cdng trinh khai thac, sii dyng tdi nguyen nude da dugc xay dung, khdng it edng trinh thyc sy boat ddng da muc tieu va phat huy bieu qua su dung nude Tren thyc tl, da xay tinh trang mdt edng trinh da quan ly cQng bi phdn tan, chia cdt hoac viec phdi kit hgp khai thdc, sir dyng tai nguyen nude eho eae muc dich khde cGng edn nhieu bdt cap ddn din hieu qua boat dgng cdng trinh thip Trong dd, nhu eau diing nude cdc nganh kinh te khdng ngimg gia tang, cdn bang nude giiia cung, cau nhieu noi, nhieu Iiic khdng bao ddm va da trd thdnh ap lyc ldn Ap lyc dd khdng ngimg tang len tac dgng cua bien ddi hau todn cau, qua trinh dd thj hod qua nhanh, sy bimg nd dan sd Vipc khai thde nude dudi dat qua muc, chua cd che tai kiem sodt chat che da, dang ldm myc nude dudi ddt d mgt sd vimg bj thap, khd bdo dam khai thdc ben vung ngudn tai nguyen quan trgng Ben canh do, ehua cd bien phap de kiem soat viec thiet ke, thi cdng cdng trinh khai thac nude dudi dat; kiem soat cdc hoat ddng khoan, dao ldng dat dang Id nhiing nguy eo ldn gay d nhiem, suy thoai ca sd lugng, chat lugng, gay can kipt ngudn nude dudi ddt, lam gia tdng nguy co syt liin dat, de doa tdi sy dn dinh cua cdc cdng trinh xay dyng vd ket cau tang d mdt sd khu vyc 1.7 Tuyen truyin, phd biin, gido due phdp luat ve tdi nguyen nu&c M^c dii dd dat dugc ket qua dang ke, nhung thiSu ngudn lyc, liing tiing ve ngi dung, phuong phap, hinh thiic thyc hien nen cdng tdc tuyen tmyen, phd bien phdp luat vd tai nguyen nude chua duge thyc hiSn thudng xuyen, chua dugc phd bien sau rgng tdi ngudi dan va doanh nghipp Y thirc chap hanh phap lugt thip; nhgn thiic xa h^i ve tim quan trpng cua viee bao ve, gin giii cac nguon nude, sd dung nude tiet kiem, hipu qua cdn ban che Cdng tae tuyen tmyen chua gan chat vdi cdc bien'phap hanh chinh va bien phap hinh su de dam bao cho ngudi dan, cdc doanh nghiep hieu ro nhung viee bj cam khdng dugc ldm quan ly va phdt trien tai nguyen nude 1.8 C&p phep khai thdc, su dung tdi nguyen nu&c, xa nu&c thdi vdo nguon nu&c Viec lap quy hoach, kd hoach phat trien thuy lgi, thuy dien vd thiet ke xdy dung cdc cdng trinh hd dap, quy trinh van banh bd dap deu cde nganh thuy dien, thuy lgi tu tham dinh, phe duyet ma khdng ed sy tham gia cua CO quan quan ly tai nguyen nude Mat khde, theo quy dinh cua Nghj djnh so 149/2004/NDCP ve cap phep thdm dd, khai thac, su dung tai nguyen nude, xd nude thai vao ngudn nude thi viee xin phep vd cap phep dugc thyc hien giai doan thye hien dau tu Thuc te, den giai doan eae ndi dung lien quan den vj tri, quy md khai thae nude, cdc thdng sd ky thuat thilt ke, van hanh cdng trinh lien quan den ngudn nude da dugc quyet djnh, phe duyet bdi cdp cd tham quyen, vi vay viec cap giay phep khd cd the dua cdc dieu klpn kha thi dl bao dam thyc hien cac yeu cau ve tri ddng chay tdi thieu, van hanh dieu tidt ngudn nude cbo du nhdm khai thac, su dyng tdng bgp, hieu qua ngudn nude Sd lugng cdng trinb khai thac nude dudi dat ldn, pham vi phdn bd rdng, sd lugng hd so phdi cap phep nhieu lye lugng can bp quan ly cdn mdng, ndng luc lap hd so ciia tu vin cdn ban che, vi vay hd so phai chinh sira nhieu lin, khd ddp ling dugc thdi ban tham dinh cip phep tiieo quy djnh bien hdnh Hdu het ngudn nude deu chua cd phan vung myc dich khai thac, su dung va bdo ve; chua c6 quy hoach phan viing xa thai vay thilu co sd cap phep xd nude thai Do ban chl vl ngudn lyc, liing tiing phuong phap, cdng nghe nen viec kilm tra, giam sat boat dgng khai thac, sd TAP CHf TAI NGUYEN Nl/CCSC 4-2014 29 •> KHOA HOC CONG NGHE • 2.1 Ba chan tru cua quin If tdng hgtp tii dung nuoc, xa nuoc thai vao ngu6n nuoc sau cip phep han chi Vi vay chua phat huy nguyen nirdc YA quan ly tSng h(?p tai nguyen nu6c theo hieu luc cong cu giiy phep Idem soat viec thuc hien cac yeu ciu ve Idiai thac, sit dung, bao quan diSm hien dai, phai tao dvmg duoc chan tru, nhu mo ta so duoi; la: ve tEii nguyen nuac theo quy dinh - TiSn toi mpt moi truang thuan lgi ve chinh Cff Sff khoa hpc quan ly tong hffp tai sach, phap luat va tai chinh dau tu cho quan ly nguyen nuo'c theo luu vuc song Tren co so thuc trang va cac van ban phap ly va phat triSn bSn vflng tai nguyen nuoc; - Tao dung duoc khung thi chi ma th6ng qua hi$n hanh, tham khao kinh nghiem quoc te, chiing toi xin dS xuit co so khoa hoc cho cdc cac chinh sach, chifo IUQ'C va phdp lujit dupc chinh sach va thk chS d6 quan ly t5ng hpp tai thirc thi; - Xay dung duoc cac cong cu qudn ly ma nguyen nuoc luu vuc song khu vuc Tay khung thS chS cin co de thurc hien nhiem vu Nguyen Cong bing Hi^u quS kinh te ^ C/ Cong cu quin Iy: • • • ^ Danh gia TNN Thong tin TNN Cong cy phan bo TNN Tao moi tnrffng thuan I9I: Chinh sdch PhapIuat K B^n vihig moi tru'd'ng Khung the che: • • Trung U'ang Dja phu'ang Lu'u vyc song Cong - ty ket hp'p > ' Can bing "nuwc cho sinh ke" vdi "nuo'c la mot tai nguyen" Sa dd: Ba chdn tru cua qudn ly tong hgp tdi nguyen nu&c Ba chan try phai dugc quan tam thyc hien ddng bp *qua trinh quan ly tdng hgp tai nguyen nude khu vuc Tay Nguyen Trong cd nhiing the che cae co quan qudn ly nha nude cap tnmg uong xdy dyng vd ban hdnh sau Ludt Tai nguyen nude nam 2012 ed hieu lyc phap ludt nhdm tao mdi trudng phap ly thuan lgi Tren co sd do, cac dja phuang tren dja ban Tay Nguyen, cu thi la cdc tinh Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Ddc 30 TAPCHfTAl NGUYEN Nl/(3C 5(54-2014 Lac, Dae Ndng va Lam Ddng cdn cii vao cac vdn ban pht^ quy da ban hanh de cu the hda tren dia ban theo hudng dan cua Bg Tai nguyen va Moi trudng va Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng hudng dan cac tinh Tay Nguyen va cac tinh Iuu cua liru vyc sdng l|.p ho^e eung ed ban qudn 1^ luu vyc sdng theo diing so td chiic va chiic ndng nhiem vu quy djnh • KHOA HQC CONG NGHE • Ban quan ly luu vuc sdng xay dyng eae edng cu quan Iy de thyc hien cae ehiie nang, nhiem vy da dugc quy dinh 2.2 Qudn ly tong hop tdi nguyen nu&c theo luu v^ sdng Ve tu nhien, thuat ngii thuy van va mdi trudng nude djnh nghia "luu vuc la viing tieu nude cua mgt sudi, sdng hoac hd" Vay theo quy lu|it cda ty nhien, eon ngudi can qudn ly tdi nguyen nude pham vl tdn tai ty nhien ciia nd, dd la quan ly luu vyc sdng Ve xd hpi, ngudi qudn ly xa hdi theo dja ' gidi lanh thd va hanh chinh, la ranh gidi dugc hinh nhieu yeu td vd theo chieu dai Ijch sii He qua la dai da sd luu vyc sdng Idntren trai dat la Iuu vye sdng lien qude gia, va mgt qude gia thudng la sdng lien tinh Td chiic luu vyc sdng la dang qudn ly dae thii ve tai nguyen nude, ludn la td ehue sdng lien tinh hoac td chiic sdng Uen qude gia Nhu vay, theo quan diem khoa hpe va luait phdp hien hanh luuvue sdng eua Tay Nguyen phdi dugc td chiic, quan Iy theo Iuu vye dd la: Luu vyc sdng Ba, sdng Se San, sdng Srepok va sdng Ddng Nai Trong dd sdng Ddng Nai khu vye Tay Nguyen chi la mdt phan nhd thudc thugng luu can cd sy phdi hgp vdi cdc dia phuong thupc trung luu, luu 23 Cac yeu to cff ban diquan tyluu vuc song Trong xay dyng he thdng quan ly luu vye sdng, cd ba yeu td co ban: ddng lyc chinh trj, co sd phap Iy va chinh saeh, va khung quan ly De qudn ly tdt cac luu vyc sdng khu vyc Tay nguyen cdn quan tam va cy the hda ba yeu td cho tCmg luu vyc sdng cu the vdi nhiing dilu kien va ddc diem ciia mdi luu vyc sdng 2.3.1 Dong lue ehinh tri doi vai qudn ly vd to chuc luu v{cc song Khi tai nguyen nude suy thoai va khung quan ly tai nguyen nude qude gia da dinh hinh thi viec quan ly tai nguyen nude tai cap luu vyc sdng bdi mdt thi che mdi la td ehiic Iuu vyc sdng, cd hien thyc bay khdng la ddng luc chinh trj cua be thdng quan trj nganh Nude Mdt ddng lyc chinh trj Id ro rang, quan ly Iuu vuc sdng tiep can tdng bgp dugc cd hai chieu: chieu dpc giiia ehinh quyen nhd nude vdi ddi tugng khai thac su dyng/ thdi nude; vd chieu ngang giiia cac ddi tugng dugc hudng lgi tu khai thae sir dung vdi cdc ddi tugng bj tac dgng ke ea eon ngudi va be sinh tbdi Ddi vdi cac sdng khu vyc Tay Nguyen can duge ehinh quyen cae cdp thdy ro viec qudn Iy tdng hgp tai nguyen nude theo Iuu vuc sdng la nhu eau tu than, xuat phat tir lgi ich va sy edng bang cbo ngudi dan khu vyc Tay Nguyen ma ehinh quyen la ngudi dai dien 2.3.2 Lugt vd chinh sdch qudn ly luu vucsong Trong quan ly luu vyc sdng, cae yeu eau ehinh sdch, the ehe can dugc xac djnh cy the va thudng bao gdm: - Xae djnh ro chiic ndng va quyen han cua td chiic Iuu vye sdng - Quy djnh rd ngudn tai ehinh cho edng viec quan Iy va td chiic Iuu vyc sdng - Bdo dam minh bach qua trinh quyet djnh ciia td chiic luu vuc sdng -Tranh chdng cheo nhiem vu giua cac ben td chiic luu vyc sdng - Neu ro quy trinh vd quyen ban phan bd tdi nguyen nude, khac phuc d nhilm, bao ve cdc be sinh thdi hoac ddi phd vdi thien tai va xde djnh cde quyen ddi vdJ ngudn nude tren luu vyc 2.3.3 Khung qudn ly tdi nguyen nude tgi cdp lim vuc song Khung quan ly tdng hgp tai nguyen nude quoc gia vdi ba chan try la tao mdi trudng thuan lgi, khung the che va cdng ey quan ly Khung quan ly tdng hgp tai nguyen nude cap luu vyc sdng thyc te luu vuc ma van dyng thich hgp va cu the hda khung ba ehan try TAPCH(TAlNGUYeNNa(5C5G4-2014 31 > KHOA HQC CONG NGHf • 2.4 Quan ly tai nguyen nu&c quae gia va quan ly luu virc song Ca hai nhiem vu quan ly dSu thupc mpt pham trii tai nguyen nuoc nhung khac ve pham vi, d6i tupng va vai tro to chuc Trong quan ly tai nguyen nuoc, qu6c gia co vai tro diSu hanh vi mo tren pham vi ca nu6c;quan ly luu vuc song gioi han timg lim vuc de giai quylt cac vin dh thuc tien, tire thoi cip qu6c gia diSu hoa m6i quan he lien nganh giira Bp quan ly tai nguyen nuoc voi cac Bp quan ly khai thac su dung nude, giiia cap TW voi cip tinh Tai cip luu vuc song, co hai m6i quan he chu ylu, la quan he nha nuac phap quyln gifla chinh quyen voi cac to chuc dich vu nuoc cua bit ky bp/nganh nao; quan he gifla ngucri huong loi tu khai thac sit dung nuoc voi ngucri hi tac dpng tieu cue boi cac khai thac va sit d\mg nuoc Lira vuc song la dia ban sinh song ciia ngucri, t6 chuc lira vuc song can la dien dan dpi thoai va noi xay dung d6ng thuan gifla cac ben lien quan ve nuoc Vdi cac luu virc song khu v\tc Tay Nguyen nhihig mau thuin gifla nuoc cho thiiy dien va nong nghiep, sinh hoat; mau thuan gifla thuong luu va luu; mau thuan giua khai thac va sir dung nuoc ngam va nuoc mat la nhimg van dl quan ly luu vuc song phai xem xft giai quylt vcri su ddng thuan cua cac ben Md hinh to chuc quan Iy luu vuc song khu vuc Tay Nguygn Trong khu vuc Tay Nguyen co luu vuc song: song Se San, song Srepok, song Dong Nai va song Ba Day deu la cac luu vuc song lien tinh, song Ba va Dong Nai thupc danh muc luu vuc song Ion, cac song Se San, srepok lien quoc gia Theo quy dinh tai Nghi dinh 120/2008/ND-CPngay 01/12/2008 cua Chinh phu, Uy ban luu vyc song ciia cac song thupc khu vyc Tay Nguyen deu Thu tuong Chinh 32 TAPCHfTAl NGUYEN Na(3CS04-2014 phu quylt dinh thimh IJp theo to trinh cua Bp truang Bo Tai nguyen va Moi truang Mo hinh t6 chfle cua uy ban luu vuc song theo so sau: I DJTN&MT "•-'-—(.'-'•'-'•fl- I — Ufidtiv »| " —'^w^^**-' ' etc B( Utnquu UBND dob InnfLVS BnYlQUCTntdgng TNN quy mt Un Sa dS Mo hinh td chicc qudn ly luu vuc song Uy ban luu vuc song ciia moi luu vyc sdng khu vyc Tdy Nguyen gdm dai dien lanh dao cdc Bp, ngdnh cd lien q'uan, dai dien lanh dao Uy ban nhdn dan cap tinh cua cdc tin'h cd lanh tho ndm ttong iuu vyc sdn'g, dai dien mdt sd don vj quan ly edng trinh kbai thac, su dung tai nguyen nude ed quy md Idn mdt Thu trudng Bd Tai nguyen vd Mdi trudng lam Chu tich Uy ban Vdn phong lim vuc song cd nhiem vu giup Uy ban luu vuc sdng thyc hien cdc nhiem vu dugc Uy ban giao, dat tai Cyc Quan ly Tai nguyen nude, thudc Bd Tdi nguyen va Mdi trudng Uy ban luu vuc song c& chitc nang giam sat, dieu phdi hoat ddng eua cae Bd, ngdnh, dja phuong lien quan viec thyc hien quy hoach luu vyc sdng; de xuat ban hdnh cac chinh sdch, kien nghi cac giai phap ve bao ve mdi trudng nude, khai thae, sd dung va phat trien tai nguyen nude, phdng, chdng va giam thieu tac hai nude gay tren luu vyc sdng Cu the la: Td chiic tham dinh ddi vdi nhiem vy, an cdc quy hoach luu vyc sdng va quy hoach cua cac tieu Iuu vuc luu vyc sdng; ke hoach phdng, chdng d nhiem mdi trudng nude va phue hdi cae ngudn nude bi d nhiem tren Iuu vuc sdng; ke hoach dieu hda, phdn bo t^ nguyen nude; mdc yeu cau tri ddng chay tli • KHOA HQC CONG NGHE ^ thieu sdng; cae dy an chuyen nude gida cae vimg, eae tieu Iuu vyc ttong luu vyc, cae dy an cbuyen nude hay tiep nhdn nude cua luu vye vdi eac luu vyc sdng khae Dieu hod, phdi hgp boat dpng eiia cdc Bd, nganh, dja phuong, cae Tdng edng ty Tap doan kinh te nhd nude, eac td chiic, ea nhan ttong viec thuc hien quy hoach, ke hoach, dy an ve tai nguyen nude luu vye sdng De xudt mue thue sii dung tai nguyen nude, muc thu phi, Ie phi va cac khoan ddng gdp cua nhdn dan luu vuc theo quy dinb cua phdp luat ttong viec bao ve mdi trudng nude, khai thac su dung tai nguyen nude, phdng, ehdng, khac phuc bau qua tdc hai nude gay tren luu vuc sdng Giam sat viec thyc bien quy hoach luu vyc sdng; kien nghj vdi Uy ban nhdn dan cap tinh luu vuc va Bd Tai nguyen vd Mdi trudng cdc bipn phap quan ly, bao ve, su dung tai nguyen nude, phdng, chdng vd khac phuc hau qua tac hai nude gay ra, khac phyc sy cd mdi trudng luu vye, sira ddi, dieu ehinh quy hoach luu vyc sdng thay can thiet Td chuc xay dyng Co sd dii lieu va Danh ba dii lieu mdi trudng - tai nguyen nude Iuu vyc sdng Td ehdc thye hien hgp tac qude tettonglinh vyc bdo ve mdi trudng nude, khai thdc, su dyng, phat trien tai nguyen nude; phdng, ehdng va khac phyc bau qua tac bai nude gay rattongluu vyc sdng, phat trien ben vung Iuu vuc sdng Kiln nghi phuong an giai quyet tranh chap vl tai nguyen nude Iuu vye sdng vdi co quan cd tham quyen giai quyet tranh chap theo quy djnh cua phdp luat Djnh ky bao cao Bd Tai nguyen vd Mdi trudng vl tinh hinh thyc hien quy hoach luu vye sdng, tinh hinh thyc hien cdc kl hoach Uy ban Luu vye sdng hoach dinh Kinh phi hogt dpng cua Uy ban luu vuc sdng va Vdn phdng luu vyc sdng tir: Kinh phi tir ngdn sdch nha nude: Kinh phi boat ddng cua Uy ban luu vyc sdng, bd tri pham vi dy toan chi cua Bd, ea quan cd thdnh vien dai dien Uy ban;Kinh phi boat dgng cua Van phong luu vyc sdng, bd tri ttong pham vi dy todn chi ngan sach nha nude dugc giao hang nam cua Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng Ddng gdp ty nguyen ciia cac td chuc, ca nhan Tdi ttg cua cdc td chuc qude te, nude ngodi Cdc ngudn khde theo quy djnh cua phap Iuat Ket luan Nude lien quan tdi tat ca cac boat ddng kinh te - xa hdi - mdi trudng va mgi boat ddng cua ngudi ndi ehung Khu vyc Tdy Nguyen vdi su gia tdng dan sd, dd thi hda - cdng nghiep hda nhanh ehdng, sy md rdng ciia cdc ngdnh ndng nghiep, djch vu va bien ddi bau da lam gia tang eac ap lye ddi vdi ngudn nude Vdi nhirng dp lue eang tdng dd, rd rdng Id tai nguyen nude - ngudn tai nguyen dac biet quan trpng eho sy sdng - phdi dugc qudn ly mdt cdch hgp ly Ap lyc len tai nguyen nude lam ndi bat sy phu thudc lan giiia cac yeu td mdi trudng, kinh te, xa hdi va sinh thdi cac ddng sdng, hd - hd chua vd cac luu vyc nude ngam Sy phy thupc lan ndy ddi hdi phai cd cac bien phap tiep can tdng hgp viec phdt trien va qudn ly cae ngudn tai nguyen ddt vd nude Giira cdc ben lien quan va chinh quyen pham vi cac luu vyc sdng ciing can cd mpt mdi quan he ndng ddng, cac ben cung phai phdi bgp de bdo dam su kha thi ciia eac quyet djnh ttong viec dat dugc cac muc tieu phat trien ben vung Viee ban hanh Luat Tai nguyen nude ndm 1998 vd nam 2012 la mgt bude tien quan ttgng tn^ng edng tae quan Iy tai nguyen nude d nude ta Tuy nhien, nhieu hoat ddng quan trpng quan ly tai nguyen nude, nhu: quy hoach tai nguyen nude; quan ly luu vyc sdng; dilu hoa TAPCHfTAlNGUYeNNU(3CS04-2014 33 • KHOA HQC CONG NGHE • phan bd, chia se ngudn nude mdt cdch bgp Iy, can bdng Ipi ich kinh te - xa hpi - mdi trudng; tilt kiem tai nguyen nude; tri ddng sdng va bdo ve be sinh thai thuy sinh; mdi quan he giiia nude mat va nude dudi ddt; vai trd ciia cdc hd sd dung nude, cac edng ddng ttong quan ly tai nguyen nude; xa bdi boa cae dich vu ve nude; cde edng ey quan Iy tai nguyen nude thdng qua thue, phi va cae nghia vu tai chinh cua ngudi dugc hudng lgi, ngudi gay d nhiem, suy thoai, can kiet tai nguyen nude ehua dugc thyc thi cd hieu qua tren nhieu vung cua ea nude, ed khu vye Tdy Nguyen Cac npi dung quan ly tai nguyen nude ttong cde luu vyc sdng d Tdy Nguyen bao gdm quan ly sd lugng, chat lugng nude; qudn ly khai thae cdc mat Ipi, phdng ehdng va ban che cdc mat hgi ciia nude; phat trien, khai thdc va bao ve ngudn nude ed quan he huu co, tuong hd Khi giai quyet khde phuc mat bai cua nude da mdc nhien tang them mat lgi cua nude hoac nguge 1^ Vi the, la sai ldm neu phan ehia nhilu eo quan de quan ly timg ndi dung eiia tdi nguyen nude Dieu se ddn den ed nhirng viec nhieu CO quan cimg lam dan den ehdng cheo vd nhilu vipc Iai bd sdt, ddc biet la khdng thi cd sy chi da.0 chat che vd xuyen sudt eac mdt Igi, mat bgi ciia nude theo khdng gian va tbdi gian Nhiing ly khach quan va chu quan tren ddi hdi phai t^p trung thdng nhat cae ndi dung quan ly tai nguyen nude mdt td chuc chuyen ngdnh, nhu ed mdt Bd ehuyen vl ITnh vyc nude tuong ty Bd Thuy lgi trudc day hoae dua toan bd quan Iy nha nude vl ITnh vyc nude vl mpt Bd da nganh Khu vyc Tay Nguyen vdi Iuu vyc sdng deu dang cd nhu cdu su dung nude cho phat ttien kmh te, phyc vy dan sinh ngdy cang ldn ngudn nude co ban, dat yeu cdu mdi ve phat trien, chia se ngudn nude Sy chuyen 34 TAPCHlTAl NGUYEN NUOC 504-2014 djch CO eau kinh tl ddi bdi phdi chuyen djch ca cdu sd dung nude phu hgp nhilm, suy thoai, can kiet ngudn nude dien phd bien va nghiem trpng dang la thach thdc ldn ttong cdng tdc bdo ve tai nguyen nude Tinh hinh dd, ddi hdi phdi tdng cudng cdng tdc quan ly tdi nguyen nude, ma viec quan trpng trudc tien la hoan thien eae van ban vd tbi chl ve tdi nguyen nude dya tten nhiing co sd khoa hgc vd thyc tiln; ttong dd viec quan Iy tdng hgp tdi nguyen nude tten ea Iuu vyc sdng eua Tay Nguyen vd cung bdc thiet va lau ddi de dam bao phdt ttien ben virng cho khu vyc cd vj tri chiln luge cua ddt nude./ TAI LI|:U THAM KHAO IWRM Toolbox No2, GWP and Cap-Net, 2006 IWRM Guidelines at River basin level, UNESCO, 2007 Ludt Tai nguyen Nude, 1998 Luat Bao ve Mdi trudng, 2005 Quan Iy tdng hgp luu vyc sdng d Vi^t Nam nhdm phat ttiln bin viing, REDEEN va VESDI, 2006 Tinh hinh hd chua thuy dien va gidi phap dam bao an toan dap, EVN, 2011 Bao eao tdng kit Chuang trinh muc tieu qude gia ve nude sach va ve sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn 2006-2010, Bd NN&PTNT, 2011 Hd trg xay dyng thi chl ttong quan ly tdng hgp tdi nguyen nude thdng qua viec lap td chiic luu vuc sdng Sesan-Srepok, UBMCVN/WB,2012 ... vyc 2.3.3 Khung qudn ly tdi nguyen nude tgi cdp lim vuc song Khung quan ly tdng hgp tai nguyen nude quoc gia vdi ba chan try la tao mdi trudng thuan lgi, khung the che va cdng ey quan ly Khung quan... ly, kilm soat d nhiem nude 28 TAPCHITAI NGUYEN NLrc5CS{54-2014 tap trung d khu vyc thi va cae doan sdng xung quanh phd va khu cdng nghiep; nhiing van de ve kiem sodt chat lugng nude va nhilm nude... ly t5ng hpp tai thirc thi; - Xay dung duoc cac cong cu qudn ly ma nguyen nuoc luu vuc song khu vuc Tay khung thS chS cin co de thurc hien nhiem vu Nguyen Cong bing Hi^u quS kinh te ^ C/ Cong cu