Nghiên cứu đề xuất một số giải pháp tổng hợp nhằm phát triển áp dụng neo ống hở trong ngành than việt nam

Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o ' NGHICN Cl/U, DC XURT MOT SO Gini PHRP TONG HOP NHAM PHAT TRIEN AP DUNG NEO ONG HQf TRGNG NGANH THAN VIET NAM In underground coal mining process, the support work at the dnfts has piayed an important roie for ensuring safety for workers and mining equipment, stabilizing and increasing the labor productivity The paper, refers to the study and proposals of applying some methods for strengthening the ioad-carrying ability of split set bolts for their widely utilization in Vietnam coal industry TS PHAM MINH OCfC Vi0n Khoa hoc Cong ngh$ Md - Vinacomin KS T R A N V A N P H O S& Xay dijng tinh Bac Ninh KS NGUYEN VAN HA Cong ty Xay dung md h^m Id 2-TKV Bien t$p: TS Ph^m Minh Dux: ho so vo'i mot so loai neo the hien tren so d i Md'ddu Neo ong ho' la mpt loai k i t eiu ching chu hinh(1) dgng, lam vi0c sau lap dat, Ndn k i t d^ va khoi da lai vo'i lye ma sat CQng nhu cac loai ket cau neo khae, neo i n g ho" chong gii>, ngan can sy ehuyen djeh cua da va khoi del theo cae nguydn ly tree, ban d i m hay khoa neo Thyc t i , theo [4-9] cho thiy, neo i n g ho* e6 kha nang mang tai sau d6ng neo, eo th6'i gian ton tai lau dai va dap ung tuoi thp cua duo'ng 16, c6 kha nang thi cong nhanh, an toan, nh§ nhang va kinh te O i CO t h i ap dung hipu qua neo i n g ho- vao thue t i cac ham 16 mo o" Viet Nam, bai bao gio'i thieu ve cau tao, nguyen ly lam vide cua loai neo nay, ding tho'i dua mpt so bipn phap gia tang CJiUYcn vj, inm kha nang mang tai va nang cao tuoi thg cua neo c i u tao va nguyen ly lam viec cua neo i n g hd" [5] Neo ing ho' (split set bolt) thu6c loai neo ma sat toan than Trong nhom cac kit c i u neo nay, theo eiu tao ti^ don gian den phue tap va kha nang mang tai tCp thip din cao, co thd ke d i n mpt s i loai neo, bao gom: neo ing ho (Split set bolt), neo ing kin hinh van (eliptical) va neo ong phong (Swellex) Voi cac loai neo kd tren, tai trgng eua neo phy thupc vao sue cang tac dpng ben ngoai dat neo d i tao nen luc ma sat giua bd mat neo voi khoi da 16 khoan Nho sue cang eua ong neo, khoi da quanh than neo nen lye tiep xue va lye ma sat phy thupc vap sue cang cua neo d i mang toan bp tai trpng khii da chuyin djeh vao duo'ng 16 Theo Stillborg (1994), tai trpng cua neo i n g KHCNM SO 11/2014* CNKT HAM LO Hinh Mdi quan h§ giira tai (T) va chuyin vi neo (mm) theo Stillboig 1994 Doi vol neo ong ho', tai trpng cua neo phy thupc vap didn tich tiip xue ma sat giua b i mat hay dien tich xung quanh cua neo v6i b i mat 16 khoan neo, tuc la phu thupc v^o du6'ng kinh i n g neo, du6'ng kinh 16 khpan neo, vao thing cua 16 khoan neo, hay chinh xac hon la vao tong didn tich tiep xue hidu qua gl&a be mat neo va lo khoan neo Trong d6, dp 16'n cua lye ma sat phu thupc vao muc dp hay lye dan hoi eua tam thep gia cong neo Tuoi thp cua neo phy thugc vao nhieu y i u t i , phai k i d i n dieu ki0n dia chit mo, vao vat lieu thep c h i tao neo Neo la kit eau ching giu him 16 Trong dliu kidn moi truo'ng o mo h i m 16, nong am, than c6 chua nhieu luu huynh, la nhO-ng tac Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo nhan gay an mon kim loai Day cung chinh la tac nhan khach quan lam giam tuii thp cung nhu tai trpng eua neo ing Tu dp, mpt s6 y kidn cho rang neo ong ho' chT su dyng d i ching giij" cac du6'ng 16 c6 tho'i gian ton tai ngin Tu biiu hinh co thd thay rang, neo c6 tai trpng 16'n nhit la neo bam dinh lam vide theo nguyen ly linh hoat, than neo dugc gia cdng bang sgi thuy tinh, neo c6 t h i trugt (bidn dang dai c6 tac dpng cua chin dpng dja chit hoac n i ) sau d i n neo bam dinh toan than vb-i chit bam dinh la chit deo dung ran nhanh hoac sieu nhanh, than neo duge che tao tu thep gan Sau d6 la neo i n g phong Swellex Neo ing phong Swellex vo'i lue bam dinh phu thupc vao ap lye dung djeh bom dp 3k ong phdng dp neo vao be mat 16 khoan Neo CO hpc nhu neo nem che, ndm trugt dya trdn nguydn tac dan no' khoa neo gia tai bang each xidt cang d cu (khoa neo) Khoa neo bi dan no" dp vao 16 khoan neo tao nen luc ma sat tai vi tri tiip xue Vi the, tai trpng neo ndm che hay neo co hoc cao hgn hay thip hon tai trpng neo 6ng ho' hoan toan phy thupc vao che gia tai va kit c i u khoa neo Tai trpng cua neo vao iPai thip nhom cac loai neo hoat dpng dua trdn nguydn tac ma sat thupc v i neo i n g ho" va neo ong tidt didn hinh van Do tai trpng phy thuoc vao lye dan hoi dugc dat trugc cung vo'i qua trinh gia cong neo cupn t i m thep voi chieu day, du6'ng kinh va nhit la dp cung cOa t i m thep De tang tai trpng neo i n g ho' ngu6'i ta [5] tang cuo'ng lye cang cho than neo bang cac lye dp nho vao cae nguyen ly trugt no va no- the tieh cua vat lipu So sanh c i u tao va anh hu'O'ng cua no 6&n kha nang gia tai cua cac loai neo 2.1 Neo linh hoat Nhijng phat hien mo'i mpt v^i nam gin day ve kha nang mang tai cao va su on dinh cua kit c i u chong cung nhu d i t da quanh du6'ng 16 ching neo voi nguyen t i e ching giO* chu dgng ngu6'i ta c h i tgo loai neo linh hoat Neo c i u tao linh hoat la loai neo ma khpa nep co the biin dang, chuyen djeh vo'i bien dp 16'n d i cat giam sue cang khii da quanh thSn neo eo cac tac dpng cua ap luc dpng nhu dpng dit, dja chin va no khoi lugng thuic n i 16'n Hinh gi6'i thieu mot so cac neo nhom neo hoat dpng theo nguydn ly linh hoat nhu neo Yield - Lok Loai neo nay, than neo vo'i d i u neo dat vo khoa neo, mpt dau duoc Chun lai tao m6t k i t eau dang pit tong Phia duo-i kit c i u phinh dang vo xi lanh Trong vo xi lanh chua vat chat co tinh dan hii dang cao su hoac mot dang 16 xo Kh6a neo la bp phan c6 eau tao dac bidt, vo khoa neo dinh bam VO'I khii da nam ngoai vung bien dang deo mgt each cung chac Khoa neo khong bi chuyin V! la nho* lye bam dinh cua chit deo gan vo eua khoa neo voi khii da Neo linh hoat la loai kit c i u ching e6 t h i dan h i i hoac trugt dich vo'i dp 16'n nhat dinh d i lam giam xung lye duge tao qua trinh bidn dpng cua d i t da vay quanh, nhu rung chin, dpng dit, vo'i cu6'ng dp nhat dmh, hoac rung chin cong nghe thi c6ng gdy nen nhu n i khai thac v6'i lugng thuic n i 16'n Khi tai trpng khii da tang dot nggt rung chan, lam tai dpng tang Idn, 16 xo lap tue bj nen, co lai, neo bj dan dai ra, lam giam xung chan dpng va loai tru sy pha huy than neo cijng nhu khoi da tree trdn neo c i u tao neo linh hoat loai c i n chuan xac cao, kha nang biin dang 16'n Dp dai bien dang phu thupc vao kit eau vo khoa neo va yeu cau dja diem su dung Thuo'ng than neo e6 t h i chuyen djeh t i i da d i n 15cm Cung dya tren nguydn t i e chuyin dich co tac dpng cua tai trgng dpng vugt qua tai trgng cho phep cua neo, mgt loai kit ciu khac la neo (Bold D cua Jennmar) co kha nang dan h i i va CO dan gap cac hidn tugng ap lue hay tai trgng tang dot biin d i n mot gia trj nao V6 polime tai khoa neo / '^.Ll L.LL.Li.i.^ D§u thep du-CTC chijn lai H/n/j Neo linh hoat loai Yield-Lok KHCNJM S6 11/2014- CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe tno Neo linh hoat co nhieu ket cau va hinh dang khac nhau, sij- dgng da dang cac loai vatlieu Che tao khong qua phijc tap Vi vay, co t h i san xuit, du-a vao ap dgng 2.2 Neo bam dinh toan than bang chat bam dinh vo cahay hiru ca Neo bam dinh toan than la loai neo ma chat bam dinh du-gc phij day theo toan bp than neo Tai trpng cua neo phu thupc vap lu-c bam dinh sinh cua chat bam dinh nhu' vOa xi mang hay chat dec gan ket nep voi khpi da Nep bam dinh tpan than voi chit lieu bam dinh la xi mang hay chat deo da duo'c sii dgng tu-ong doi ph6 bien nganh mc nuoc ta 2.3 Neo ong hi> Neo 6ng ho du-ac c h i tao bang each cupn tam thep c6 chilu day theo thiet ke mpt ong tron ho Khe ho giu'a hai mep t i m thep la Ion dan hoi cua tam thep lap dat vao lo khoan neo co du'o'ng kinh khong Ion hon duong kinh 6ng neo Tren hinh the hien neo ong ho va phSn b6 luc tac dpng neo le lo khoan Theo [1], tai P neo ma sat dugc tinh theo(1) P = 11- Sxq Fdl, (1) Trong do" T| - H$ s6 ma sat giua thep vdi da l§ khoan, lly theo bang (thep - cat kit = 0,48; thep -bpt kit = 0,4; thep - granit - 0,43; voi da voi = 0,32; v « than, 0,47, ); P -Tai neo, T/m, phg thupc chien dai nee png; F - Luc dan hci; S - Di$n tich; I - Chieu dai Luc dan hoi Faii co dp Ion tl le vol dp biin F- Li/c ma sit.QL y e cSt, T-Lirc aiy tin h6i,_ f- H$ s6 ma s^t, 1-DiSm tua neo v&i 6^ th^nh Id, 2- M^t tmat ti6p xUc giira neo vS 6ct Hinh Neo dng hd va phin bd luc tic ddng neo lin thSnh lo khoan neo dang Al = I - lo cija th§p t i m neo (2); F = k.AI (2) Trong k- Hp s6 dan h6i phij thupc ban chit va kich thuijc cua thep, k = E.S/lo Vo'i: E - Suit dan h i i dac trung cho tinh chit dan hoi cua thep t i m bj biin dang Pa; lo - Dp dai ban dau, m Luc dan h i i ciJa cng neo ngoai su phu thupc vSo suit dan h i i dao trung cCa loai thep tam, phin c h i tao neo phg thupc vao chieg day cua t i m thep Thi nghiem thuc t l bang dac phong [5] chi ring, chieu day thep tang tCi" 2,5mm len 3,0mm, lute la tang 20% thi tai trpng ciJa nep tang len 113% d i n 120%, tiic la ti> 100 kN len 120kN vol nee toai MF-46 vi MF-33 (bang 1) Tu' kit qua the hien trpng bang 1, thay rang, ong neo luon co xu huang dan phing theo trang thai ban dau Xu huo'ng dan phang (dSn hoi bj u6n cong) tro ve trang thai ban d i u tao n^n BSng D§c tinh ky thu§t mdt s6 loai neo dng hd [SI Loaineo Chieu day thep than neo, mm 33x2,5 MF33 33x3,0 MF39 39x2,5 39x3,0 43x2,5 MF43 43x3,0 H/1F46 46x2,6 46x3,0 Do kien CO cua tam dem Tai trong, kN Kich thu6c tim 6$m, mm 100 120 130 150 140 160 150 170 120x120x5 KHCNM SO 11/20I4* CNKT HAM LO 120x120x6 150x150x6 150x150x6 150x160x6 150x150x6 160x150x5 160x150x6 Khi ning chiu Biin dang, % tii, kN >100 120 150 180 160 180 180 S30 Chieu dai, mm 1200-2200 1200-2200 1200-2400 1200-2400 1400-3000 1400-3000 1600-3200 1600-3200 Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo luc ddn hoi, ep vo neo vao lo khoan neo Nhu vay tai trpng cOa neo phg thupc vap dien tich tiep xijc cga be mat nep ong voi 16 khoan nep va luc dan hoi cua ong neo Do qua trinh khoan tao 16, thcinh lo khoan co the thang vi di$n tich t i i p xue cija b l mat neo voi 16 neo rat 16'n Nhung 16 neo kh6ng phang vi e6 t h i cong, d6 neo Ing kh6ng t i i p xue hoan toan b l mat d l i vgi 16 khoan Tu do, dien tich tiip xiJc S bi suy giam nhung thay vao neo chju tac dpng cOa luc elt Ing neo Luc dan hoi eua thep t i m gia cong neo uon lai dang ong ho, dp ho cua cng nep ehinh la kieh thu6c ctia ong neo bi ep lam eho nho lai va tao t h i nang dan hoi Luc ep hay luc dan hoi F phti thupc vap tinh chit dan hoi ctia loai thep t i m gia edng neo va phg thupc vap chieu day eua tam thep Lue dan hoi ciJa thep t i m uon cong theo thoi gian dp dan hpi eua thep t i m eijng bj suy giam hay tai trpng eua neo giam Nghien ciru lu>a chpn bien phap gia tang tai va t u l i tho cua neo dng ho' [7] 3.1 Tang lire ep nham tang tai trgng neo Trong kit eau neo Ing ho', tai trpng ciJa neo phg thupc vao lue dan h i i eua thep than neo, luc dan h i i lai phg thgpc vap tinh chit cga m6i Ipai thep va ty le thgan vo'i ehilu day eua no Trong thuc te, ehilu day eua t i m thep khong t h i qua Ign vi se gSy kho khan, kh6ng chi gia e6ng ma ca thi cong Vi vay ehilu day thuang ehi 2,5 - 3mm D l tang tai trpng nep, cc t h i tang thSm mat dp nep mang, ti>c la tang them so lugng neo tren m6i m^ be mat duo'ng 16, hoae tang ehilu dai neo Tuy nhien, eac giai phap se lam tang ehi phi nhan e6ng, vat lieu, tang gia ehong neo Vi vay, d l tang tai neo ong, eijng vgi vipe lua chpn thep tam eo tinh dan h i i cap, ngugi ta kit hgp s u dung dau neo nem trugt vgi neo ong ho TrSn hinh the hien so d l phan phoi luc tren khoa neo kim loai dang n6m trugt Hinh Sa dd phin phdi ILK trin khda neo kim lo^i dang ndm truat Trpng d6: P - Tai trpng ciJa nep nam gioi hgn bin ein thilt cua khoa neo; m - So lugng mang 6p; fmm - H$ s i ma sat eOa n6m dang c6n vol mang 6p D i l u ki§n can bang luc tac dpng mat trugt sau chuyen dieh (4) [9] K P :rg(a: + (!>„„) (4) Trpng dp, (p - Goc ma sat dau nSm vol eng Cac hang nhu Jennmar, Atlas Cepcp da ap di^ng giai phap de gia tang luc dan hci cija nep Ing (hinh 5) va tang lue ep ciJa ong neo len 16 khoan neo Si> dgng d i u nem dang neo nem trugt dat tai cac vi tri theo thilt ke Ing neo ho', van xoln day thep 16 xo, dau nem dang dich chuyen lam cho eae t i m I p mg lam tang t h i tich tao luc ep len be mat Ing Thanh ong vgi ehilu day kh6ng Idn, duo'i tac dOng cua luc nen ep dau nem trugt tao biin dang cue bg, len chat vap mat da 16 neo Bau nem trugt khong ehi dat tai vung khoa neo ma e6 t h i dat them tai cae vi tri khac tren than neo Ing Si> dgng dau nem truot gia luc bang xoln Su dgng nSm gia tang luc ep, lue ep tac dpng len mat nem cp gia tri Nl (3)[9] (3) m sin a + /„„ cos a Hinh Ket cau dau n§m truvi KHCNM s o 11/2014* CNKT HAM LO Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo van dd tang thd tich d i u ndm cung mgt luc tang lye ma sat eye bo g\\ja ing neo voi 'mat da 16 khoan va tao lye nen ep cue bg nhu mot chit ham ching trugt khii da Lye cang than neo bang phuong phap tuong duong vo'i lye bom ep dung dich lam tang t h i tich ing neo Swellex Nhu vay tai trpng cua neo ong ho sd tang len Theo [5], su dung tang luc ep than neo i n g bing d i u nem trugt eai thipn tai trpng neo ing ho" len tuong duong hoac cao hon tai cua neo Swellex va dat gia tri 12-15T/neodai2,4m Khi tai trpng cua neo tang, lam thay d i i hg chliu hay kich thuoc mang neo va vi vay sd giam mat neo tren m^ duo'ng 16 hay giam chi phi neo ching giO" cho met 16 3.2 Ket hgp tang tai trgng neo va each ly tiep xue giu>a neo VOT moi trwortg mo nham chong an mon Bom nhoi, ep vua vao ing neo ho" la mgt bien phap gia tang luc ma sat, tang sy tiip xue cua vija xi mang vol da 16 neo Nam 1991 [1] da co nhi>ng thi nghidm kiim tra lap day be tong 16 khoan neo Kit qua cho thiy day 16 dugc lip day vua xi mang cat Tuy nhien, tai diu mut khong chat so vo'i eac vj tri khae Phin vOa xi mang cat khong lip diy day 16 khong nhieu, chi vao khoang 0,5-lcm Thi nghidm trdn cho thiy, n i u su dung bom dp bang co hoac bang ap suit ndn thi muc lip diy eua be tong se cao hon Trong thi cong l i p dat neo be tong eit thep hidn viec nap vCpa xl mang cat vao 16 khoan neo, sau d6 dua neo vao vj tri 16 neo bang nen va su dung phu gia dong r i n nhanh va phu gia chong eo ngot hay phu gia de be tong d6ng ran t h i tich be tong khong bi giam chac chan han che khe ho' giua vua xi mang cat vo'i l i khoan neo dac bidt bom dp vOa xi mang cat vao neo i n g nhu da gio'i thieu [3], Phuong phap su dung tang cu6'ng lye ma sat giua neo; kha nang chong an mon kim loai; kha nang chen kin each ly neo vo'i moi try6'ng mo voi c6ng nghp bom dp bd tong, su dung hgp ly phu gia ching co ngot va phu gia tang the tich be tong dugc gidi thieu tai [4] Trong d6 su dgng phu gia truong nd Intraplast- KHCNM S 11/2014* CNKT HAM LO Z cho mue dich Tom lai Neo i n g ho la logi neo c6 c i u tao va thi cong don gian thuan tidn, khong ddi hot trinh dp va mdc gia cong eung nhu thi c6ng eo gidi hoa cao Neo i n g hd dap dng moi dieu kien dia ky thuat mo nude ta s u dung them cac bien phap gia tang kha nang mang tai va ching an mon kim loai bang vide su dung d i u neo nem trugt hoae bidn phap bom nhdi vua xi mang c6 su dyng cae loai phu gia nhu phu gia chong co ng6t, phy gia tang thd tich d6ng ran dung dieh vua xi mang Tai li§u tham khao Pham Minh DCec Bio cao Suphit triSn neo b6 t6ng cot th6p sCf dung nganh md Vi$t Nam Hi$n trang vd huttng phit tndn H6i nghi ktioa hpc chuyen de Neo va PhSn loai mo Bp nang Lugng 1991 Pham Minh DCrc, Ld vSn C6ng, Ng6 vSn S? Trin Khic Thg, Nguyen Van Thjnh, Nguyin V3n Dung B^o cao ting kit d i tdi:" Nghien ciru io di^ng cdng nghe neo dng hd vi b§ tdng phun tai Id xuy§n via +100 khu Nam Khe Tam" Vien Khoa hoc C6ng nghe Mo, th^ng 10/1996 Pham Mmh DCPC NghiSn c&u lua chpn vi ip dung cic loai phu gia phu hap nhim nang cao bdn vi hieu qui si> dijng vo chdng bd tdng phun cho cic dwang Id md Bcio c^o ting kit d i tdi Bp C6ng nghigp Hd ngi thdng ndm 2004 Pham Minh Due, Le Van C6ng, Lu'u C6ng Nam , PhiV3n Long Nghien cieu su" dung neo be tdng 6r)g hdf (Concrete-Split Set Bolt)dd chdng giO cic du^ng Id didu ki§n mdi trudng md phOc tap Thong tin KHCN mo s i 8/2014 trg8-13 Chantale Doucet, Ground Support Research at CanmetMlNlNG, Sudbury, Ontario, Setember2012 Dhanesh Chandra, Jaak J.K Daemen university of Nevada, Reno., Corrosiopn reach on rock golts and steel set for sub-surface reinforcement of the Yucca Mountain Repository-1999 Erich Neugebauer, A new way to tackle safety in underground operations - roofex a new rock boiling concept for underground excavations under high stress condition, Werkstrasse Freitritz, Austria Dr hab inz Waldemar Korzeniowski, Mgr inz Krzystof Skrzypkowski, Metody wzmacniania gorotworu kotwiami przy obciazentach dynamicznych, Przeglad Gorniczy Nr 3-4 2021 9.K Podgorski, W Podgorski, Obodowa kotwiowa Viryrobisk gorniczych , Wydawnictwo „Slask" 1969  ... n i 16''n Hinh gi6''i thieu mot so cac neo nhom neo hoat dpng theo nguydn ly linh hoat nhu neo Yield - Lok Loai neo nay, than neo vo''i d i u neo dat vo khoa neo, mpt dau duoc Chun lai tao m6t k... vao ap dgng 2.2 Neo bam dinh toan than bang chat bam dinh vo cahay hiru ca Neo bam dinh toan than la loai neo ma chat bam dinh du-gc phij day theo toan bp than neo Tai trpng cua neo phu thupc vap... 1-DiSm tua neo v&i 6^ th^nh Id, 2- M^t tmat ti6p xUc giira neo vS 6ct Hinh Neo dng hd va phin bd luc tic ddng neo lin thSnh lo khoan neo dang Al = I - lo cija th§p t i m neo (2); F = k.AI (2) Trong