! ^ ^^ 69 Tap chi Khoa hocxa hoi m i l n Trung, so (40) - 2016 BAO VE MOI TRlTONG SINH THAI Ttr QUAN DIEM T R I E T HOC MAC-LENIN LAU VAN THANH* TFiAN TH! QUtNH THOA** Quan diem cua triet hoc Mac - Lenin ve moi trUdng sinh thai Theo quan diem eda Tridt hpc - Mac Le nin:"Md/ trudng Id nai sinh sdng vd hogt dpng cua ngUdi, Id nai tdn tgi cua xd hpL Dd td mdi trudng sinh dia - hoa hpc, hay sinh quyen Sinh quyen Id vung luu hdnh sUsdng trin trdi ddt Id mdt hi thdng md ve nhiet ddng hpc, bao gom todn bd cdc ca the song (sinb the), cdc sdn pham vd cdc chdt thdi qud trinh hogt dpng sdng cua chung, dong thdi bao gdm cd phdnkhiquySn (khong khO, thuy quyen (nudc), thgch quyen (ddt dd) vd ndng lupng mat trdi, nai dd vd dang cd sU sdng" (Gido trinh Triet hpc Mae- Lenin, 2013, tr.425) Vdi each hieu dd, moi trddng sdng eua eon ngddi khdng chi l i mdi trddng dja ly hay thuan la dieu kidn td nhidn, ma mdi trddng sdng eua eon ngddi la mdi trddng td nhien - xa hdi Qud trinh hinh va phat trien eda ngudl da tao tfnh chat Ngddi cho t d nhien Vdi each hieu ve mdi trddng nha viy, cd the dinh nghTa mdi trddng sinh thai la mdi trddng sdng cua ngadl va xd hdi Blen chdng cda mdi tradng sinh thai khdng gl khie hon la quan he qua lai va tac ddng lan gida ngddi, xa hpi va td nhidn Ngdy nay, van dd mdi trddng sinh thdi la mdt nhiSig van dd toan cau Tuy vay, day khdng phdi l i mdt van dd dd di ddn tieng ndi chung Ipi ich cua cac dan tdc va ede qudc gia tren the gidi van la * Truong Trung cap Nghe, tinh Quang Ngai nhQng phan sd chQa ddde quy ddng Mdi trddng sinh thdi ta mdt van dd ndng bong v i cap bich, dd la cdi gia m i eon ngddi phii tra cho hanh ddng tdde doat eua td nhien mdt eich qua mdc nhQ Thomas Fuller d i tCmg canh bdo: "Chdng ta chdng bao gid hieu het duac gid tri cua nguon nUdc cdi gieng cgn /chd"' Tai nguyen thien nhien dang can kidt, mpi thQ dang ngiy eang trd ndn khan hidm vd dang ed khdng ft nhQng tdc ddng trd lai den ddi sdng cua ngddi va sd phit trien cua xa hdi Quan he giijra td nhien va xa hpi l i mpt nhQng mdi quan he t d dau da mang tfnh nhan loai bdi dd la mdi trddng tdn tai cua xa hdi Tuy nhidn, mdi giai doan lich sd lai ed mdt edeh tiep can va each giai quydt khac Chang han, cd mpt thdi ky d phddng Tay cho rang, ehinh phuc ta nhidn, eho du thd nio eung ta sQ bieu hidn eua van minh Quan niem ddi lap vdi triet ly nhan sinh cua phddng Ddng ve sd hda quyen eOa eon ngddi vdi td nhidn nhdtdtddng eua Kinh Djch ma Khong rodung de giii thich the gidi "thiin dia van vdt nhdt the" vd "Thien dja nhdn tuang dong" Y kidn ehCi dao dinh gia vd triet ly nhan sinh ciia phddng Ddng, dd cd eae quan niem tdn giio, eon ngddi la mdt thinh td, mot bp phan cua gidi td nhidn Khi ban ve van dd Phdt gido da cd cai nhin bidn chdng d sd khang djnh; 'ThdhUu bihUu, thd sinh cdbi sinh, thiy vdcdbJvd,thttdiitcdbi ' http;//www.bachkhoatrithuc.vn 70 diet" nghla la "sd dl cai tdn tai nen cii tdn tai, sd dl cii sinh ngn cai sinh ra, sd dl cii niy khdng ed ngn cii cttng khdng tdn tai, sd dl eii mat di ngn eii cttng mit" Du dupc ban dgn sdm ljeh stt ttttttdng, nhttng Ipi Ich v i quan digm giai c i p chi phdi ngn nhttng quan diem vg mdi trudng, vg digu kign tU nhign chtta giii quygt triet de, chtta khoa hpc, t h i m chl rpi v i o cue doan Vin dg niy ehi dugc giai quyet mpt each thttc su khoa hpc ehu nghla Mic ddi Mac du cic nha kinh dign cua chtt nghla Mie khdng dinh trpn mdt t i e pham nio de trinh bay quan he gitta digu kien tu nhign, mdi trudng sinh t h i l vdl stt phat trien ndi chung v i x i hpi ndi rigng, nhttng CMic va Ph.Angghen da giii quygt v i n de niy mdt cieh siu sac trgn lap trudng ctta phep bien chttng v i t giii quyet cac v i n dg khic Trong Chang Duy Rinh, Ph.Angghen d i khang djnh: "Tinh thong nhdt thiic su ciia thi gidi chinh Id d tinh vdt chdt cua nd" (Nguyen Dtte Khien, 200, tr.74) Viy thi, cac sU v i t thg gidi iign he mat thigt vdi nhau, i i m tien de tdn tai cho v i d dd, ehung van ddng, bien ddi phit trign khdng ngttng: "Trong tii nhien, rdt cue Igi, mgi cdi diu dien mgt cdch bien chitng chit khdng phdi sieu Wnh"(Nguyen Dttc Khign, 2001, tr.55) Sttvin ddng va tign hda cua tu nhign t i t ygu xuat hien ctta eon ngudi Suxuit hien eon ngudi la mdt budc tign nhiy vpt vg chat Ph.Angghen eho rang "con ngUdi vdi ndng luc tuduy cua nd Id sdn phdm cao nhdt cua su tiin hda ciia vdt chdt, id mgt cdu true phdc tgp nhdt md gldl tu nhien sin sinh ra" Ngudn gdc tU nhign ctta eon ngudi lam cho ngudi ve mat b i n tinh khdng thg ddi lap vdi gidi ttt nhign Ngu nhu Chong Duy Rinh, Ph.Angghen d i khang djnh su ddi cua ngttdi la mdt tat ygu v i cic mdi lign ket tdn tai ctta nd thi Biin ehdng eiia tU nhlin, Ph.Angghen d i lam rd q u i trinh phit sinh va phit trign LAU VAN THANH, TRAN TH! QUtNHTHOA ctta the gidi httu co v i khing dinh ijch stt ctta ngttdi, ijch stt ctta x i hdi chi la tigp ndi Ijch stt ttt nhign X i hdi i i mdt dang ttt nhign die thtt Stt xuit hign ctta x i hdi loii ngudi d i l i m xuit hien mdt quan hg mang ttnh he thdng chtta tttng cd m i mdi ygu td he thdng dd tdn tai bign chttng ctta su che Udc nhau: ngudi - x i hdi - t u nhign va tuan theo cac quy iuit ndi tai ctta nd Xa hdi cing v i n minh, ngttdi cing phit trien thi stt t i c ddng ctta ngttdi vdi tU nhign eing dupc t i n g cUdng theo hai hudng l i giim thieu tlnh cdng hudng stt phit trien v i ngupc lai TU tudng cd cung the tim t h i y Bdn thdo Kinh ti- Triit hge (1844), CMic d i l i p luan rat thuyet phue r i n g : "Gidi tunhiin td thdn thevd cacua ngddi, ngudi song bdng gldl tu nhiin, ddi song the xde vd tinh thdn cua ngudi gdn llin vdi gidi tu nhiin, ndi nhu the chdng qua ehi cd nghia Id gidi tu nhien gdn liin vdi bdn thdn gidi tii nhiin, vi eon ngUdi idmdtbg phdn cua gidi tii nhiin, rdng xd hgi Id sii thdng nhdt bdn chat dd hodn thdnh cda ngudi vdl tii nhien, sii phue sinh ehdn chlnh cua tU nhien" {CMac va Ph.Angghen, 2000, tr 135,170); Hi tu tudng Ditc cd ghi rd: "Mgi khga ghi chip lich sit deu phdi xudt phdt tir nhifng ca sd tu nhiin dy vd nhifng thay doi ciia ehung hogt ddng cda ngudl gdyra qud trinh lich sii"vd "Cd thi xem xit lich sif dudi hai mat, ed thi chia Ijch sitra thdnh Ijch sit tii nhiin vd lieh sit nhdn logi Tuy nhiin, hai mat khdng tdch rdi Chitng ndo md lodi ngudl cdn tdn tgi thi Ijch sil cda hg vd lich sit tii nhiin quy djnh Idn nhau" (CMic va Ph.Angghen, 1995, tr.29) Mac du khing djnh ning luc ctta ngttdi vigc cii bien tu nhign nhung cic nhi kinh dign chtt nghla Mic eung cinh bio mat t r i i ctta sutic ddng la khdng dupe phip vupt qua gidi han ed thg dan den vigc p h i vd tinh chlnh thg va tinh he thdng ctta mol quan he Trong mdt btte thtt gttl cho Ph.Angghen nhin xet cudn saeh Lieh sit khai phd ndng Tap chi Khoa hoc xa h6i mign Trung, sd (40) - 2016 nghiip chdu Au eda Phraxd (1847), C.Mac viet; "Neu canh tdc dUpc thUc hien mpt cdch tuphdt md khdng dupc hUdng ddn mpt cdch cd y thdc thi se de Igi sau dd ddt hoang" (CMdc va Ph.Angghen, 1997, tr 80) Ong da minh ehdng nhan djnh thdng qua eac cac trddng hop d Ba Td, Me-xd-pd-ta-mia vd Hy Lap Khi ngddi ta phd rdng, khai hoang de ed them dat trdng trpt, cd them san ldpng ladng thdc thi hp khdng bidt rang, phd rdng chinh la nguyen nhin eda vide buy hoai cac trung t i m chda ndde va giQ ndde; gay nen lut ldi va han hdn Cae tde ddng trdi chieu quan he eon ngddi - xa hdi - td nhien se anh hddng trde tiep ddn quy tudt tdcdn ddi cua td nhien eung nhd mdi trddng phdt trien cua xa hdi De tdn tai, eon ngddi va xa hdi khdng the khdng Id thudc vao td nhien nhdng ngadi cdn tao nhdng sdn pham eho sd phat trien v i tdn tai eda minh tren cd sd tai tao va san sinh nhQng dang vdt chat mdi, chQa tQng cd ta nhidn, nhQng san pham mang bieu trang cda quan hd xd hpi thdng qua qud trinh lao ddng sdn xuat Khdng ehi vdy, dd cung chfnh ta qua trinh xde lap vai trd cda ngadi mdi quan he vdi td nhien, xie lap vai trd ehd nhin ljeh sdeua ngddi mdi quan he vdi td nhien Hieu theo cieh do, mdi quan he ngddi va t d nhidn bat ngudn td lao dpng sdn xuat, thdng qua thde tien cai bien t d nhien cua ngddi Vl the, neu ehi cd gidi td nhien hoae ehi cd lao dpng thi khdng the cd sd trao ddi chat giQa ngddi va td nhien, lam tridt tieu mdi quan he vdn cd cua tdn tai Thud ban ddu cua lieh sd, eon ngddi phy thupc gan nhd hoan toan vao td nhien, phu thudc hoan toan vao sdc manh cua t d nhien, "chiu sUtdc ddng mu qudng cua nhufng lUc lUpng mu qudng chua kiem sodt dupc" (CM^cva Ph.Angghen, 1994, tr 477), nhuTig ddn ddn, thdng qua lao ddng, eon ngddi biet dddc each bidn ddi td nhidn, ean thiep vao td nhien khudn kho I 71 nhdn thde eua minh Nhd viy md loai ngddi tdng bade hodn nhdng cdng vide eang phQc tap hdn va dat dddc nhQng muc dich cang cao hdn Khdng nhQng vdy, ngddi thdng qua vide ndm b i t cdc quy luat van ddng cua td nhien, tam giim thieu sd phy thupe vao td nhidn, boat ddng cua ngddi la "mdt hogt ddng cd tinh todn trUdc, cd kehogeh hudng vdo nhdng muc dich nhdt dinh, dupc biet trUdc Lodi vdt phd sgch thUc vdt mpt vung ndo dd md khdng hieu gi ve viic Idm cua chung cd, cdn ngudl khai phd nhu the da dung ddi ddt da dpn sgch md gieo ngu cdc hope cdy, trdng nho thi dd biet trUdc rdng, mua den, cdc gidng cdy dy si dem igi cho hp mdt mua thu hogch biet bao nhiiu Idn han sd hgt gidng md hp dd gieo" (Nguyen Ode Khien, 2001) Nhdvay, tdehd dda vao td nhidn mpt edeh thu dpng, eon ngddi da blen ddi, cdi tao t d nhien mdt cich chu ddng, cd phddng phap, t u i n theo nhdng quy ludt vdn cd cua nd Con ngddi tQ chd bj cac tdc Idpng td nhidn d i n ddt, da tdng bddc thdng tri lai td nhidn; t d ehd thudn ehi biet khai thde, tdde doat td nhien, ngddi da biet each lam giau eho td nhien Ndi mdt edch khac, la qud trinh xae lap quydn va vai trd ehu the cua ngddi quan he vdi t d nhidn Khixemxetvdgiditd nhidn, Ph.Angghen da chi rd, t d nhien khdng cd cii gl xiy mdt cdch ddn dde, mpi hidn tddng ddu tdn tai lidn he va ehd ddc Didu t i c dpng den hidn tdpng khic va ngdpe lai Vl le dd, "chung ta khdng nhdng khdng nin qud tu hdo ve nhdng thdng lpi cua chung ta ddi vdl gidi tu nhiin Bdi vi cU moi Idn ta dgt dupc mdt thdng Ipi Id mdi Idn gidi tU nhiin trd thu Igi chung ta Thdt the, mdi mdt thdng Ipi, trUdc het dem lai cho chung ta ket qud md chdng ta hdng mong mudn, nhUng den luat thU hai, lupt thd ba thi nd Igi gdy nhQ'ng tdc dung hodn todn khdc hdn khdng ludng trudc dupc, nhifng tdc dung thudng hay phd 72 hOy tdt cd nhitng kit qud ddu tien dd' (Le Quy An, 1992, tr 317) Hon thg, viec danh g i i su t i e ddng ctta ngttdi theo nghla tigu cue chua han d i thay Vi the, stt t r i g i i cho hanh dpng khai thic cd tinh bde lot tu nhien ctta ngttdi se de lai nhttng hiu q u i khdn ludng Ph.Angghen chi rd: "Niu chung ta dd phdi trdi qua hdng nghin ndm lao ddng, mdi cd thi mdt chitng muc ndo do, ddnh gid dugc nhdng hdu qud tti nhiin xa xdi cOa nhitng hdnh ddng sdn xudt cOa chdng ta, thi chdng ta igi edng phdi trdi qua nhieu khd khdn han ntfa, mdi cd the hieu biet duac nhitng hdu qud xd hdl xa xdi eua nhifng hdnh dgng dy" (Le Quy An, 1992,tr.319).Digu naydi l i m rdtlnh khoa hpe va he thdng ctta quan hg gitta eon ngudi - tu nhien Day la mdt hg thdng dpng hpe thdng nhat, tdn tai trang t h i i cin bang gitta cie ygu td cau d mdt mttc nhat djnh Cac thinh phin he thdng dd dgu t i c ddng v i chju stt t i e ddng lan Hg thdng hoat ddng theo nguyen t i c lign hg v i tttang t i c bign chttng gitta eie ygu td ctta hg thdng Nghia l i khdng phii ehi ed eon ngudi t i e ddng, cii bign tU nhien ma ttt nhign cung cd tic ddng ddi vdi eon ngttdi Tuy viy, stt t i c dpng trd lai ctta ttt nhign ludn mang lai hau q u i ning ne nhtt cac hign tttpng El Nino, La Nina, ddng dit, sdng than Trong Tuyin ngdn egng sdn, CMic v i Ph Angghen da khang djnh giai cap tttsin ed vai trd to Idn vige phat trign Ittc lupng sin xuat nhung da de lai nhieu hau q u i , nhigu ein benh x i hpi ttt stt phit trien dd: "tdt cd cdc phuang thdc sdn xudt dd cd tit trudc din chi nhdm dgt dugc nhifng hiiu qud cd ieh gdn nhdt vd true tiep nhdt cda iao ddng Cdn doi vdl nhCfng hdu qud xaxdi, sau ndy mdi xudt hiin vd chied tdc dung nd tdi dien Igi nhieu Idn vd tich tu thim len mdi, thi ngudi ta hodn todn khdng chii y den" (Le Quy An, 1992, tr 321) Ve khai thac mdi trudng, Ph.Angghen d i dUa vi du: "khi ddt rttng tren cie trien LAU VAN THANH, TRAN THI QUWHTHOA ntti v i lay sd phan tro dtt de bdn cho mpt ddi cay e i phg dem iai mdt sd thu hoaeh r i t ldn, thi nhttng ngudi chtt ddn dign Tay Ban Nha d Cu Ba cd ein gl phii nghi ring sau niy, nhuing trin mtta rio d vttng nhiet ddi sg cudn saeh idp d i t bgn tren khdng ed gl ehe chd v i chl dgiai nhttng idp d i t t o trui" (Lg Quy An, 1992, tr.322-323).Theo dng, ngudn gde siu xa eua nhttng hanh ddng cd tlnh chat p h i hoai gidi t u nhien dd l i Ipi nhuan Lpi nhuan da sd cic trudng hpp d i trd thinh ddng lUc nhit thuc day cic n h i ttt b i n hinh ddng bat chip quy luit ttt nhign Vdi tU cich i i nha khoa hpe, Ph.Angghen d i chi rd quan hg gitta eon ngudi vdi t u nhign i i "chung ta hodn todn khdng the thong tri dugc gidi tii nhien nhu mdt ki xdm luge thong tri mgt ddn tde khdc, nhu mdt ngudl song bin ngodl gidi tii nhien, md trdi igi, bdn thdn chung ta, vdi ed xUang thjt, mdumuvd ddu dc chung ta Id thuge vegidi tit nhlin, chung ta ndm Idng gidi tii nhiin" (Lg Quy An, 1992, tr.l 38) Bigu dd cd nghla ring, cho du x i hdi loai ngudl cd phit trign dgn dau, ngudl cd the tao sttc manh khoa hpc hiu, thi ngudl m i l m i l cung chl la mpt bd phin cua gidi ttt nhien, tdn tai mdi quan he qua lai "Khi chung ta hgc hdl de ngdy cdng hiiu dugc mgt cdch chinh xdc han nhiing quy ludt cua tli nhien vd biet dugc nhijfng hdu qud gdn gui cung nhuxaxdl eda nhitng sucan thiep tich cue cua ehung ta vdo tien trinh binh thudng cda cdc su vdt gidi tii nhiin" thi "eon ngudi khdng nhufng cdng cdm thdy md tgi edng hiiu biit thim rdng minh vdi gidi tunhiin ch/ /d mdt " (Le Quy An, 1992, tr.318-319) Nhin loai dang phii t r i g i i cho vigc v i t kigt mdi trudng sinh thai m i nguyen nhan ctta nd b i t ngudn ttt eon ngudi Khoa hpc tu nhign va cic tuu ctta no neu khdng kiem soit dttpe se trd thinh cdng cu t i n digt nang ittc ctta t u nhign m i t h i m hpa nd tai Id phin ttng sd n h i m i y dien hat nhin Chernobyl, tham hpa bom nguygn ttt d Hi- Tap chi Khoa hoc xa h6i mien Trung, s6 (40) - 2016 roshima va Nagasaki d i dd lai nhdng ton thddng nghidm trpng eho mdi trddng sinh thai Ngay td thdi hoang kim eCia ehO nghTa td ban, C Mac da dd bdo chu nghTa td b i n khdng chi lam suy ddi nhan each cCia eon ngddi m i edn lam suy kidt ed t d nhien qui trinh phit trien cua nd; "hiem hoa ve sinh thdi dang de dpa todn bp sU sdng tren trdi ddt, ke cd ngudi vd xd hpi lodi ngUdi Hiim hpa ndy cd ngdn chdn vd gidi quyet dupc hay khdng, dieu hodn todn phu thudc vdo nhffng hogt dpng tu gide cua ngudi budc dudng phdt then tiep tuc Vi chi cd ngudi Id nhdn td nhdt cd y thdc hi thdng TU nhien - Xd hpi" (Gido trinh Tridt hpc Mac-Ld nin, 2013, tr.425) Bdo vd mdi triTc^g sinh thai - nhan to dam bao cho sU phat trien Mdi trddng l i khdng gian sdng, l i noi cung cap cic yeu td, didu kidn can thiet cho sinh tdn cCia sinh vat va la mdt nhQng ngudn ldc cua sd phdt trien: ngudn ldc td nhien, ngudn ldc ngddi va ngudn vdn Mpt mdi trddng lanh, khdng d nhidm se l i m eho ehat lddng cude sdng dddc ning cao, cic sinh vat se co dieu kidn dd phat tridn theo hddng tieh cde Ngddc lai, moi trddng bj d nhidm se anh hddng trde tidp den chat Idpng eude sdng va la trd ngai cho sd phdt trien blnh thadng cua mpl loai sinh vat cung nhd cua xd hdi loai ngddi Do do, bdo ve mdi trddng sinh thai, giQ cho mdi tradng sinh thai sach l i tao didu kidn thuin Ipi eho sd phit trien Mdi trddng sinh thai la ndi tao ede yeu td va didu kien cho sd phit tridn cua ngddi Con ngddi va mol trddng ta nhidn Id hai chidu eua mdt quan he Vit ehat cd the cua ngddi mdi trddng t d nhidn eung cap va mpi thda m i n eho nhu edu vdt chat eda ngddi Xet den cung, du dddi dang tnie tiep hay gian tidp, nhu edu cua eon ngadi deu xudt phat td mdi trddng iiMmr- 73 Qua trinh sdn xudt Id qua trinh ngddi sddyng cdng eu lao ddng t i e ddng vao ddi tdpng lao ddng dd la nhdng tai nguydn thidn nhidn, la mdt phan, mot bd phan cua mdi trddng sinh t h i i Quan he giQa tang trddng kinh td vdi van d^ bdo tdn mdi trddng sinh t h i i Id mau thuan bidn chQng Dd Id hai mat ddi lap ndn chung ed xu hddng bai trd lan nhau, nhdng lai Id tidn de tdn tai cua Do vdy, khdng the thidu mpt hai mat niy eho mdt qua trinh phdt trien De phdt tridn, eon ngddi khdng the khdng khai thac, sd dung v i sQ dung ngiy cing nhieu cdc loai tai nguydn td mdi trddng sinh thai Van de khdng phii chi la cdch thdc khai thae ma edn d thai dp va phdong thdc sQ dung ede sdn pham t d mdi trddng sdng cua ngddi nhd the nao Day lai l i mdt mdu thuan bidn chdng eua van ddng tao Trong mdi quan he bidn chQng nay, neu ngadi chi quan tam den phat trien kinh te thi mdi trddng se bj p h i vd, khdng giQ dQpc trang t h i i can bang cung nha khdng cd didu kien de tai tao chu ky sin xuat tidp theo Ngdpe lai, ehi du tien cho bao tdn mdi trddng ma khdng khai thac va khdng sddyng cie loai tai nguyen th) vd hinh ehung lai rdi v i o trang thai vd trdeh nhidm vdi tdi nguyen Bdi dd khdng chi ldng phf t i l nguyen ma cdn loai bd ngudn Ide phdt trien Vi vdy, vdi td each l i ehu the eda mpi qua trinh sin xudt, eon ngadi phdi thdy dddc mdu thuan giQa t i n g trddng kinh td va bdo ve mdi trddng l i mau thuan bidn chdng Miu thuan dd ehi dddc gidi quyet didu kidn da chin mudi v i giai quyet mdu thuan la md dddng eho sd phat trien Mudn ed tang trddng kinh tdthi phii khai thac va sddung hdp ly ede ngudn tai nguydn Oidu dd da trd nguyen ly djnh hddng eho quan he gida phdt trien va bao tdn sinh thai Sa phdt trien dung mQe trdn cd sd cd sd dau t d tdong xdng cho mdi tradng Id tidu chf vd thadc eua van de b i o vd mdi trddng v i 74 dd eung la each thiet lap sd cin bang tddng quan gida qua trinh phit trien va bdo ve mdi trQdng sinh thai Hidn nay, Viet Nam dang tidn hanh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat ndde nham tao ep sd vat chat - ky thuit cho mpt ndn san xudt Idn Oidu chde chan se ed nhQng tac ddng den mdi trQdng sinh t h i i theo hai hddng cd the tich cde hoac tidu cdc Viet Nam, van dd mdi trddng dang cang trd ndn bde xuc bdi ndn kinh td eua ndde ta edn lac hiu, chd yeu cdn dda vio khai thic tai nguydn thidn nhidn, ehda du vat lac va tai lac de dau t d eho van dd xd ly chat thai gay d nhidm mdi trddng Tde dp thj hda nhdng nam gan diy d Viet Nam tang len va da ed nhQng tde ddng khdng nhd tdi mdi trddng: didn tfch cay xanh va dien tfeh mat ndde giam, gay ung ngap Rde thdi va van de d nhiem (d nhidm khdng khf, d nhiem tieng dn ) dang la noi dm dnh eua mdi trddng thi "Tgi cdc thi Idn nhuHd Npi vd TP HCM, nong dp bui (bao gom cd bui mm vd bui la Idng) cd xu hudng th d ngUdng cao, ddc biit tgi cdc true giao thong chinh Cdn tai cdc cdng trudng xdy dung (khu chung cU, thi mdi, sda chQa dUdng giao thong, xdy dudng tren cao ) ddxdy tinh trgng d nhiem bui cue bd" (Bio Trin, 2015) Tde dp gia tang cac yeu td gay hai ddn mdi trddng d nddc ta hidn da lam cho vide tinh toan de dda cde ydu td dau cua ndn kinh td quay trd vd vdi t d each la dau vao cda nen kinh te dddi dang nang lddng t i i sinh trd bai toan hoc bua, chda tim Idi gidi thda ding Hidn tdpng nddc thai edng nghiep va nddc thai sinh boat chda qua xd ly da x i vao mdi trddng eung dang l i mdt nhOng van ddnhQcnhdi, nhat la dcac phd va cac khu dan cd ddng due Trong dd, ngudn nddc sach cho tidu dung va cho sin xuat dang cd xu hddng can kidt dan thi cae khu rdng dau ngudn van bj ngadi khai thdc Mat rdng l i nguydn nhan ehinh lam eho lau LAU VAN THANH,TRANTH! QUyNH2y2^ lapng cua cde sdng bj anh hadng ldn, dan den hidn tapng khdng ed dd nade sinh boat vd ndde san xudt mua khd nhdng lai xdy tinh trang ngdp lyt d nhieu ndi ve mda mda Mdi quan he giQa phdt trien vdi bdo tdn mdi trddng sinh thdi d Viet Nam hien cdn Idng Ido d nhidu noi, van de mdi trddng edn chda dapc quan tam dung mQe ehay theo cac Ipi fch trade mat ma quen di Ipi feh lau dai Ve diem nay, Vin kien dai hdi Odng toan qudc lan thd X da khang djnh: "chUaket hpp that tdt viic ket hap tdng trUdng kinh te vdi tien bd vd cdng bdng xd hdi Mdi trUdng d nhieu nai bi d nhiem ngng, dnh hudng nghiem trpng den chdt lUpng cudc sdng Nguon lUc cua ddt nUdc chUa dUpc sd dung cd hieu qua cao, tdi nguyen ddt dai vd cdc nguon vdn cua Nhd nUdc cdn bi idng phi, thdt thodt nghiem trpng, cdc nguon lUc ddn cdn nhieu tiem ndng chUa dUpc phdt huy" MQc dp d nhiem mdi trQdng cung nhd tlnh trang suy thoai mdi trQdng tang len nhanh ehdng nhCJfng nam gdn diy Mdi tradng sdng dang thae sQ bj de dpa d nhieu nPi, ede thuat ngQ mdi nhQ "Idng ur)g thu" da xuat hidn Vi Ipi feh kinh te trade mat, phit trien kinh td xa hdi bang mpi gia khdng chl dan den t h i m hpa vd mdi tradng ma cdn lam ddo Ipn nhidu gid trj, cd gla tri vd dao ddc Chang ban nhd hien tdpng chdn thude trQ sau d Thanh Hda: "Den nay, viic khdc phuc hgu qud dd ca bdn hodn thdnh vdi han 239.072kg chdt dpc hgi vd ddt nhiim ndng hoa chdt ddc hgi phdi dem di tiiu huy vd hdng chuc tdn chdt thdi khdc xd I'y tgi chd." (Xuan Hung, 2014) va hang loat cic hanh vi xa thii gay d nhidm mdi trddng eua cac cdng ty nhd Cdng ty ed phan Mfa dddng Hda Blnh, Nha mdy ehe bien tinh bdt san Hda Blnh Mdt nhdng khd khan eda cdng tdc bao vd mdi trddng cda thdi ky cdng nghidp hda, hidn dai hda d nddc ta hidn la khdng cd sd cdn bang dau ta vao qud trinh Tap chl Khoa hoc xa hoi mien Trung, so (40) - 2016 phdt trien va bdo tdn mdi trddng sinh thdi Do vdy, can phdi ed tam nhin rdng va xa hdn de trdnh ddpc nhdng hiu qud khdng mong dpi vd mdi trddng tddng lai Mdi tradng sinh thai dViet Nam hidn dang xudng cap ddn mdc bdo dpng Oiy ehfnh la he qua tat ydu eua qua trinh phdt trien kinh te mdt each d at, thieu tinh todn, chi nham dat duac gid tri kinh te ma xem nhe yeu td mdi trddng; ehi bidt khai thac tdi nguyen ma khdng tiet kidm va sd dung hdp ly tai nguyen thien nhidn Vi vay, phdt trien x i hpi va bao ve mdi trddng d ndde ta hien la hai nhidm vu chien lapc can phdi dddc thde hidn cung mdt iuc Day cung la mdt van dd khdng ehi eua ridng Viet Nam ma l i van dd ehung eua ede ndde dang phit trien Van dd bdo tdn mdi trddng sinh t h i i qud trinh phdt trien va xem mdi trddng sinh thii l i mdt nhQng ddng Ide eho sa phat trien ben vdng khdng chi npi dung cda nhieu cude hdi t h i o qude gia, khu vye v i qude te, dapc cae hpe g i i , da luan, bao chi, ede nha khoa hpc quan t i m , ma nd cdn la mpt phan quan trpng cua dddng Idi phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi cua Dang Cdng sdn Viet Nam va Nha ndde Viet Nam td nhijrng nam 90 eda the ky XX Ngay 12/6/1991, Chinh phd Viet Nam da ban hanh "Kehogeh qude gia vi mdi trudng vd phdt then ben vdng giai dogn 1991-2000" Nam 1998, Bp Chfnh trj Chi thi sd 36 - CT/TW, dd khang djnh: "Bdo ve mdi trUdng Id mpt npi dung ca bdn khdng the tdch dudng Idi, chu truang vd ke hogch phdt then kinh te-xd hpi eua tdt cd cdc edp, cdc ngdnh Id ea sd quan trpng ddm bdo phdt thin ben vdng, thUc hiin thdng Ipi su nghiip edng nghiep hoa, hiin dgi hda ddt nude" Van kidn dai hdi lan thd IX nhan manh: "Phdt then nhanh hiiu qud vd ben vQng tdng trudng kinh tedi ddi vdi thUe hiin tien bd, cdng bdng xd hdi vd bin vdng moi trudng" vd "Phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi gdn chat vdi bdo vi vd edi thien mdi trudng" Quan diem chi dao cua Dai hpi XI la; 75 "Bdo ve mdi trudng Id trdeh nhiim cua cd he thdng chinh tri, todn xd hpi vd cua mpi cdng ddn Ket hap chat chi gida kiem sodt, ngdn ngifa, khde phue d nhiem vdi khdi phue vd bdo vi mdi trudng sinh thdi Phdt then ndng lUpng saeh, sdn xudt sgch, tliu ddng sgch Ddy manh cdng tdc nghien eUu, dU bdo vd Ung phd vdi subidn doi khihau, ede thdm hpa thien nhiin Tdng cudng qudn ly, bdo vi vd sddung hpp /y, cd hieu gud tdi nguyin quoc gia" Nam 2006, Viet Nam gla nhdp To chdc thddng mai the gidi (WTO), ben canh nhdng yeu td cd gia trj kich cau cho sQ phat trien kinh td thi cung dat nhdng thdch thQc cho van dd bao tdn mdi trddng sinh thdi Khi nen kinh te ddde hpi nhdp thi eae nang Ide va tiem nang cua nen kinh td dddc phit huy ddn mdc eao nhat Vdi mpt nddc ngheo va phong phd vd tai nguydn nhdVidt Nam thi cd hai van de cung mdt lue xiy ra; 1) Tdi nguyen thien nhien se ddde khai thde vdl quy md va cddng dp eao hon de dap dng nhu eau phdt trien d mde can kidt; 2) Van de bdo tdn de tao ngudn ldc td nhidn eho phdt trien bdn vdng thddng ty Id nghjch nhdng tlnh trang nhd the "Trong thUc tien, giQa mdi trudng vd tdng trudng kinh teed mdi quan he het sdc chdt chi vdi Nhieu nude dd phdi trd gid vi phdt then kinh temd triit phd mol trudng, rifng bi chdt phd, tdi nguyin, khodng sdn bj khai phd kiet qui, ddn den mdi trUdng bi d nhiem ndng ne Hdu qud Id bdo lut, lu dng Id quit, nude bien ddng, thung tdng quyen ( } NhU vdy thi, tdng trUdng trUdc mat cung khdng bu dUpc thiit hgi Idu ddi ve mpi mat cda kinh te, xd hdi" (Thanh Long, 2015) K^t tudn Mdi trddng sinh t h i i la mdt nhin td khdng the thieu cua q u i trinh phit trien xa hpi Vi vay bdo vd mdi trddng sinh t h i i khdng chi gidi phip lam giau va tao ddng lac cho sd phdt trien ma cdn la phdong edeh tdt nhdt dd bdo vd mdi trddng sdng eua ehdng ta Dau td eho bdo vd mdi trddng sinh thii LAU VAN THANH, TRAN TH! QUJWjTHOA 76! chlnh l i dau t u eho stt phit trien ctta tttong lai Cdng tic b i o ve mdi trttdng de phat trien ben vOmg d nudc ta hien khdng ngn dttng lai d chtt trUPng chinh sich ma phii i i nhttng hinh ddng cu the ctta mdi mpt c i nhin, cdng ddng Tuy nhien, van de van chua dupe quan tam mdt each thda ding su phit trien tai mdt sd dia phuong Vi viy, diy van va ludn la van dg cdn tdn tai sU van ddng ctta xa hdi - Do chlnh la bign chttYig eua sU phat trien TAI LI6U THAM KHAO Lg Quy An (1992), "Nhttng quan digm chtt ygu vg Mdi trttdng va Phat trien tai Hdi nghi Rio - 92", Tap chi Thdng tin Mdi trudng, s6 CMic va Ph.Angghen (1994), Todn rdp, Tap 20, Nxb Chlnh trj Qude gia, H i Npi CMic v i Ph.Angghen (1995), Tddn tap, Tip 3, Nxb Chlnh tri Qudc gia Ha Ndi CMic va Ph.Angghen (1997), lodn tap, Tip 32, Nxb Chlnh tri Qudc gia Hi Ndi C.Mae v i Ph.Angghen (2000), Todn tdp Tip 42, Nxb Chlnh trj Qudc gia Ha Npi B i n g Cdng sin Vigt Nam (1991), Vdn kiin Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qudc Idn thd VII, Nxb Chi'nh trj Qudc gia H i Ndi B i n g Cpng sin Viet Nam (1996), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qudc Idn thd VIII, Nxb Chlnh tri Qudc gia H i Ndi B i n g Cdng sin Vigt Nam (2001), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qudc Idn thd IX, Nxb Chlnh trj Qudc gia H i Npi B i n g Cdng sin Viet Nam (2006), Vdn kiin Ogi hgi dgi bleu tadn qudc lin thOX, Nxb Chlnh trj Qudc gia Ha Ndi 10 B i n g Cdng sin Vigt Nam (2011), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qudc Idn thdXI, Nxb Chlnh trj Qudc gia H i Ndi 11 Hdi ddng Trung uong ehi dao bign soan (2013), Gido trinh Triit hgc Mdc - Lenin, Nxb Chlnh tri Qudc gia Ha Ndi 12 Xuin Httng (2014), Vu ehdn thudc trii sdu eua Cty NIcotex Thanh Thdi (Thanh Hod}: Cdn xd ly hinh sU, trgn trang http://laodong com.vn, truy c i p ngiy 08/12/2014 13 Nguyen Dttc Khien (2001), Mdi trudng vdphdttrien, Nxb Thdng ke Ha Ndi 14 Ph.Angghen (1982), Chdng Buy Rinh, NxbSuthit,HiNdi 15 Thinh Long (2015), nhilm mdi trttdng: Thiet hai 5% GDP hing nam, http-J/ www.daikynguyenvn.com, truy cap 20/2/2015 16 Bio Trin (2015), nhiem "ddu dde" nhiiu thi Idn, trgn trang http://nld.com.vn, truy cap ngiy 14/6/2015 17.Thomas Fuiler,Donhngdnvgmd(tri/dng, tren trang http://www.baehkhoatrithuc.vn truy cap ngiy 29/3/2016 ^"ys^^^s^ ... cua mpl loai sinh vat cung nhd cua xd hdi loai ngddi Do do, bdo ve mdi trddng sinh thai, giQ cho mdi tradng sinh thai sach l i tao didu kidn thuin Ipi eho sd phit trien Mdi trddng sinh thai la... qua trinh xde lap vai trd cda ngadi mdi quan he vdi td nhien, xie lap vai trd ehd nhin ljeh sdeua ngddi mdi quan he vdi td nhien Hieu theo cieh do, mdi quan he ngddi va t d nhidn bat ngudn td... tr.425) Bdo vd mdi triTc^g sinh thai - nhan to dam bao cho sU phat trien Mdi trddng l i khdng gian sdng, l i noi cung cap cic yeu td, didu kidn can thiet cho sinh tdn cCia sinh vat va la mdt nhQng