Quản lý tài nguyên rừng dựa vào cộng đồng ở miền trung việt nam nghiên cứu trường hợp tại xã hương giang, huyện nam đông, tỉnh thừa thiên huế

KHOA HOC C N G N G H | OUAlM LY TAI IXIGUYEIXI RIJIXIG DIJA V A O COMIi oblXIG O MIEIV TRUIXIG VIEW IXIAIVI: IXIGHIEIXI C U U TRUOIXIG H D P TAI X A HUDIXIG GIAIXIG, HUYEIXI IXIAIVI DOIXIG, TilVH T H U A THIEIXI - H U £ N g u y ^ Hiiu Ngtf, Phan Thi Phuong Nhi' T6MTAT Dd tai nhlm muctidunghidn cmi thuc tiang quan ly, khai thac tai nguydn ritng tnrdc va sau giao cho cdng dong quan ly Ddng thdi, danh gia ket qua cua hoat dpng quan ly bao ve va phat tri^n rimg tu nhidn c6ng dong thtrc hidn Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, b cgng dong th6n Phii Trung, so hd dSng k]^ tham gia quan ly va bao vd rimg la ho/54 hd; cdng dong thdn Phii Nmh, sd ho dang ky tham gia quan IjJ^ va bao vd rimg la hQ/47 ho Vide xay dung quy uoc cua ban quan ly ning cdng ddng chii yeu la npi bd cdc vien cdng dong tvr xay dung Ket qua nghien cuu cung cho t h ^ rang, trudc cdng ddng thon nhan quan ly rimg thi da sd cac loai tai nguyen ning deu bi khai thac d miic dp cao Tuy nhien, sau giao riing thi miic khai thac tai nguyen ning ddu giam xudng miic thdp, thSm chi a miic khdng khai thac Ve bd may td chitc quan ly co 100% y kien dieu tia danh gia tdt, 76,67% y kien danh gia tdt vd m^t td chiic hpi hpp va sinh hoat cua cPng dong Ve boat dong vd sinb va phong chdng chay rung, 16,66% y kidn danh gid a miic tmng binh vi cdn mpt so it hp gia dinh thuc hidn chua nghidm tuc Vd hoat ddng xiic tidn tdi sinh va phat tridn rung, boat ddng n^y chi dat miic trung binh va kdm Th)sh6a: Bit Iim nghidp, cdng ddng, din tdc thidu sd, quy udc guan lyrimg,xa Hmmg Giang BAT VAN HE Rimg cua Vidt Nam chidm tren 70% tdng didn tich tu nhien va la noi cu tni cua it nhat 1/3 dan sd qude gia Vi vay, vimg rimg nui Vidt Nam giii mdt vi tri quan hgng hong tidn trinh phdt trien ciia ddt nudc Day ciing la noi sinh sdng eua ddng bdo cac dan tdc thidu sd vdi ngudn lpi vd smh kd phu thudc true tidp vdo tdi nguydn thidn nhidn, hong dd chu yeu la tdi nguyen rimg vd dat rimg mpt vai qudc gia, hong mdt thdi gian ddi rimg thudc su quan ly cua Nha nudc nhung hd thdng quan ly da khdng cho hidu qua eao thidu can bd kidm Idm didn thich rimg qua ldn CTrdn Diic Vidn va Mai Van Thdnh, 2005) Kinh nghidm cua mdt sd ntrdc nhu Trung Qudc, Inddndxia, Nepan cho thdy, tinh trang rimg se h d ndn tdt hon bang each phan quyen quan ly rimg (Nguydn Vmh Quang, 2003) O Viet Nam, qudn ly rimg dua vdo edng ddng da xudt hien tii lau ddi hong cac edng ddng dan tdc khac va dang h d thdnh mdt hong nhirng phirong thiie quan Iy phd bien d Viet Nam, tdn tai song song vdi cae phuong thiic quan Iy khac nhu quan ly cua lam trudng Nha nudc, xdy dung huong udc, luat tuc bao vd rimg (Nguydn Quang Hda Anh, 2009) Qua tiinh chuydn doi ddn tii quan ly tap trung cua Nha nudc sang thira nhan su tham gia cua ddi tupng quy md nhd da gdp Trudng Dai hoc Ndng Lam, Dai hpc Hud phan phat hidn rimg vd ndng cao sinh kd cua ngucri dan, rimg dang ngdy cang dupc giao nhidu hon cho cpng ddng dd hp diing true tidp quan ly Md hinh giao rimg cho edng ddng quan 1;^^ dau tidn d Thua Thidn - Hud dupc Hat Kiem lam huydn Phii Lpc thuc hidn tai thdn Thuy Ydn Thuong vao nam 2000 Qua ddnh gia hidu qua thuc hidn md hmh da khang | dmh vide giao rimg eho cOng ddng quan ly cd tac ddng tieh cue ddn vide giu rimg cung nhu phdt tiien vdn ning da giao COng ddng nh§n rimg ehu ddng I hong vide phdng chdng chay rimg, tudn dd xu ly nghidm eae vu phd rimg hai phdp, ciing nhu dau tu kinh phi dd phat tridn vdn rung thdng qua hdng cdy ban dia hoac khoanh nudi tai sinh rimg (Nguydn Quang Hda Anh, 2009) Mac dii chl la budc dau, nhung vide quan ly rimg dua vdo cdng ddng da tao dieu kidn de phat huy vai trd ciia edng ddng tham gia vdo cdng tde quan ly vd bao ve rimg Tir kdt qua md hinh giao rimg tu nhidn cho edng ddng quan 1^ bdo vd da dupc nhan rdng cac huydn khdc ti^n todn tinh Tinh ddn ndm 2010 didn tieh rimg ti; nhidn tai Thira Thidn - Hud da giao cho cdng ddng, nhdm hd va hd cd tiie qudn Iy la 11.873,9 ha, hong huydn A Ludi 6.224,3 ha, huydn Nam Ddng 3.219,2 ha, huydn Phii Lpc 1.645,1 vd huydn Phong Dien 785,3 (Nguydn Trpng, 2010) Do dd dd quan ly tai nguydn rimg mdt each hieu qua va bdn virng, khdng tiid bd qua vai hd eiia cgng dong, nhirng ngirdi dan NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG T H N - KV - THANG V2015 KHOA HOC C N G NGHE sdng gdn ning vide quan ly, bao vd vd phat tridn rimg Phat huy su tham gia cua cdc cgng ddng tiong vide quan ly ngudn tai nguydn rimg vira mang y nghia phat huy truyen thdng ddn tgc, vira cd ttid tao cdc phirong thiic quan ly rimg cd hidu qua va ben virng hon Muc tidu cua bai bao nham nghien ciiu thuc trang qudn Iy va khai thae tai nguydn rimg trudc vd sau giao cho cdng ddng Ddng thdi, danh gia kdt qua cua boat dpng quan ly bao vd va phdt trien rimg tu nhien cdng ddng thuc hidn Tir do, dd xudt mdt sd giai phdp nhdm tidp tuc nang eao hidu qua ciia md hinh ndy - ' HWffl Riu ^"»«' I W^ Z PHUONG PHAP NGHBV CUU Dd thuc hidn nghidn cuu nay, tae gia da hdn hdnh thuc hidn cdc phuong phap nhu thu thdp sd hdu thir cdp tu edc co quan, ban, ngdnh vd quan Iy tdi nguydn ddt, tai nguydn rimg eiia xd, huydn, tinh vd sd Hdu so cdp thdng qua phdng van bang phieu dieu tra 30 hd dan d thdn Phii Trung va Phii Ninh thudc xa Htrong Giang kdt hpp vdi quan sdt thuc td, hao ddi kinh nghidm vdi edc thdnh vidn Ban quan If Rung a thdn Dua hdn nhiing tdi Hdu, sd Hdu thu thap dupc, tidn hdnh tdng hgp, thdng kd va phan tieh hdn phan mdm Excel Ngodi ra, cdn tham khao ^ kidn eua cac chuydn gia, can bd quan ly lmh vuc quan ly dat dai, quan Iy tdi nguydn rimg nham ghi nhan cac phan hdi ve nhirng uu diem, khd khan va vudng mac eua md hinh KET QUA NGHDl CUU VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Khdi qudt dia bdn nghidn aiu Huong Giang la xa mien niii d vimg ttiuong ngudn sdng Huong, ndm vd phia tay cua huydn Nam Ddng each trung tdm thi hdn Khe Tre khoang 8,50 km Xa Huong Giang cd tdng didn tich tu nhidn la 772,30 ha, hong do, ddt ndng nghidp Id 547,15 ha, chiem 70,85% tdng dien tieh tu nhidn; dat phi ndng nghiep Id 76,64 ha, chid'm 9,92%; ddt chua sii dung la 148,51 ha, chidm 19,23% (UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014a) xa cd ttidn gdm Tay Linh, Ihuan Hoa, Tay Lde, Phil Trung, Phu Ninh, Phu Thuan Todn xa cd 367 hd, tdng sd dan la 1.475 ngudi Trong dd, sd ngudi hong dp tudi lao ddng la 751 ngudi; ngudi ngodi dd tudi lao dgng Id 724 ngudi (UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014b) Dia hinh cua xa ehu yeu la ddi mil phan bd d phia bdc, cao trung binh Id 245 m so vdi muc nude bidn, noi cao nhat Id khu vuc mil Hagier eao 526 m, edn lai Id nhiing ddi nui thap Hinh 1: So dd dia bdn nghidn cuu Ngudn: Cdng ttidng tin didn tic tinh Thua Thien - Hue 3.2 Hidn tr^ng ddt ldm nghidp cda xa Huong Giang Kdt qua didu tra cho thay, xa Huong Giang cd 437,03 ddt ldm nghidp, chidm 57,40% didn tich ddt tu nhien Trong dd, dat cd rimg tu nhidn san xuat la 146,30 va ddt rimg trdng san xudt la 290,73 Xa khdng cd dat rimg dac dung vd rimg phdng hd Ddt rimg cua xa Huong Giang kha da dang vd phong phu vdi nhidu loai eay hdng nhung chat Iupng khdng cao Rimg chii ydu la rimg tnmg binh va rung ngheo, tham thuc vdt it, dd che phu eiia rimg khdng eao 3.3 Md hinh quan 1^ rimg cOng ddng tai xa Huong Giang 3.3.1 Tidn trinh giao ning tir nhidn cho cdng ddng Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, tidn trinh thuc hidn hoat ddng giao rimg tu nhien cho cgng ddng d xa Huong Giang gom birdc: (i) Thdng nhdt giiia cdc ben Hdn quan va lap Ban Quan ly Rimg epng ddng (BQLRCD) Idm thdi; (u) didu h a tai nguydn rimg tu nhidn; (m) du thao phuang an, kd hoaeh va quy udc quan Iy bao vd va phat tridn rimg; (iv) td chuc hop thdn thdng qua du thao phuong dn, kd hoach nam va quy ude quan ly bao ve vd phat tridn rimg; (v) trinh Uy ban Nhan ddn (UBND) huyen phe duyet 3.3.2 Cic hoat ddng quan ly rung tu nhien cua cdng ddng a Thanh lip bd miy td chuc quan ly BQLRCD ttidn Phu Trung va tiidn Phii Nmh deu cgng ddng thdn tiianh lap va UBND xa cdng nhan Nhirng thidt chd ndi bd cting dugc to chiie xay dung nhu quy udc quan ly bao vd rimg va quy dmh N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY - THANG 1/2015 113 KHOA HQC CdNG NGH£ cac quyto duoc huong loi theo quy dinh cua cdng BQLRCD gom budc: (i) Soan thao npi dung quy d6ng Nhung nhiem vu cua BQLRCD thdn la xSy udc quan 1^ bao ve va phat triln rimg; (ii) to chiic cac dung kl hoach quan ly rimg cong dong va cac hoat buoi hpp thdn de thao luan, gdp y thong nhat quy dong lita quan; phan cdng nhom hp thuc hien M uoc; (iii) girl quy uoc quan ly bao vd va phat triln hoach quan lyrimg;huy dpng cac nguon luc de thuc rimg Ito chinh quyln dia phuong tham dinh va phe hien ke hoach quan lyrimg;kilm tra, giam sat viec duydt; (iv) thdng qua quy udc quan ly bao vd va phit thuc hita ki hoach quan ly rimg cong dong, ciing trien rimg Nhu vay, vide xay dung quy udc quan IJ nhu khai thac lam san va phan chia loi ich tit rimg bao ve va phat trien rimg cua thdn Phii Trung va Phii cOia cong dong va lap bao cao kit qua thuc hita ke Ninh the hien dupc tinh dan chu va dam bao c6 sij hoach quan If nmg cong dong dinh k^ cho UBND tham gia cua cdng ddng Tuy nhiln, ndi dung cua xa O cOng dong thon Phii Tnmg, so ho dang ky bang quy udc rat don gian, chi thi hien trach n h i ^ tham gia quan ly va bao v6rimgla h6/54 ho, chilm quyen lpi ciia nhiing ngudi tham gia v^ quy dinh ty le 9,25% ho dSn thon Tuong tu, cOng dong nhimg dilu dupc phep, khdng dupc phep thuc hifn thon Phli Ninh, sl ho dang ky tham gia quan ly wi Bang quy uoc ciing chua cd nhtmg dilu khoan rang bao v« rimg la h6/47 hO, chlem ty le 19,14% h6 dan budc vl trach nhiem va quyln han ciia cac thon Cac hi dan dang ky tham gia voi Unh vita lanh dao BQLRCD; trach nhidm v4 quyen han than lu nguyen vi lpi ich chung cua cpng dong ciia cac nhdm trudng; chua quy dinh vl thu chi vi su Trong nhilm k^ 2010-2014, sl ho tham gia quan dung cac ngudn tai chinh 3.3.3 Thac trang quan Iy vi khai thic tilnguy&i \f va bao ve rimg hai thon cbn h ^ chl nta xa Huong Giang da gpp so hO tham gia o hai thon rung truoc va sau Mil cong ddng nhin quan ly a Thuc trang quin ly va khai thic 01 nguyin cdng dong dl c6 dilu kien thuta lpi tham gia quan 1^ va bao ve rimg hon Bd may to chiic dupc phan cap rung trudc giao cho congddng Dl xac dinh cac loai tai nguyta rimg bi khai rd rang tir ban quan ly den cac nhdm trudng va culi cimg la c^c thiinh vien thac, ludng miic dd khai thac va mdc thoi gian b Xay dung quy uac quan ly bao ve va phat triin giaorimgcho cdng ddng quan ly, nghita ctiu da tiln hanh dilu tra 30 hd gia dinh tai cdng ddng thdn Phil rimg Ket qua nghita cuu cho thSy, viec xay dung quy Trung va Phii Ninh cua xa Huong Giang Kit qua uoc ctia cdc BQLRCD chii ylu la ndi bd cac dilu tra cho thay, dien tich dat rimg tu nhita trta dia vita cdng ding tu xay dung, dd nhiing ban hai thdn la 97,73 ha, thudc Idai rimg ti; nhidn san ngudi dirng dau cic BQLRCD ddng vai trd chu dao xuat Lam trucmg Nam Ddng quan 1^ Ngoai viec vide xay dung quy uoc Chinh quyen dia khai thac hpp phap cua cac don vi nha nudc, httng phuong va co quan tu v& nhu Phong NN&PTNT, ngudi dan v^ ngoai thdn va cdc xa lan can Phdng TN&MT, Hat Kilm lam, Ban Quan ly Rimg diu tham gia khai thac cac san phfoi tir rimg Mtic phong hd chi ddng vai trd tu van, thiic d£y va thdm dp khai thac cac tai nguyen rimg dupc thi hita qua dinh vl m$t phap li^ Tien trinh xay dung quy uoc ciia bang Bdng Mtic dO Idiai thdc cdc loai tdi nguydn rimg trudc vd sau giao rimg cho cOng ddng thdn Phli Trung vd Phii Ninh Sau giao Trudc giao Cac loai tdi nguydn rimg cho edng dong eho edng ddng Cdc loai gd ed gid tri kmh td cao (Lim, Gd, Kidn kidn) +++ Cac loai gd thdng dung khac (Chd, Dao, Trudng) ++ + +++ Mat ong + +-HHatuoi +++ Ddt + ++ May +++ Ldndn + •H-+ Ddng vat rime (Khi, Cheo Mane Sde Chdn Tnit, Lgn, Rdn) + Ghi chu: khai thac cao (-H^), khai thic trung binh (++), khai thac thap (+) vi khong khai thic (0) 114 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 1/2015 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE rimg ddu giam tir miic cao xudng miie thdp, thdm chi d miic khdng khai thde Su thay ddi miic khai thdc tdi nguydn rung dugc ngudi dan 1;^ gidi nhu sau: - Ngirdi ddn da cd y thiic qudn Iy vd bao vd rimg thdng qua quy udc dtroc cdng ddng vd chinh quyen dia phuong chiing nhdn Tuy nhidn, vdn edn mot sd hd ddn vdn Ien liit khai thdc gd va san bat ddng vat hong rimg cua cdng ddng quan ly - Hidn tai khu rimg cua cdng ddng quan ly, cac lam san gd, lam sdn ngodi gd vd ddng vat ning cd gid tri kmh te hien khdng cdn nhidu, tham chi bidn mdt nhu Iim, Gd, Uoi Do dd, ngudi dan chuyen sang khai thde tdi nguydn rimg d cac khu rimg khae ed eae loai lam san cd gia tri kinh td cao hon - Tnrdc day, eude sdng khd khan, ngudn thu nhap chii ydu dua vdo san xudt ndng nghidp, dd hg phai khai thdc tdi nguydn rimg Hidn nay, cac boat ddng hdng rimg kinh td phdt tridn nhu keo va cao su da eho thu nhap cao hon so vdi vide di rimg eho ndn ngudl ddn da giam vao rimg de khai thdc tdi nguydn Vide giao rimg tu nhidn cho cdng dong quan ly da gdp phan thay ddi nhdn thiic cua ngudi dan hg tham gia vao tat cd cdc hoat ddng giao rimg Ngirdi ddn nhidt tinh tham gia cdc boat ddng didu h a rimg, thdo ludn xdy dung quy udc bao vd phdt trien rimg, ke hoach qudn ly rimg cdng ddng Ddn thdi diem hidn tai, phan ldn khu rung dupc giao cho edng ddng thdn Phli Ninh va Phii Trung quan ly vd phdt trien rung khd tdt, tinh hang vi pham quy udc vd khai thdc rimg hai phep cd chidu hudng gidm di dang kd Do dd, cd the khang dinh rimg cdng ddng la hirdng di diing ddn hpng vide quan ly tai nguyen thidn nhidn rimg hidn 3.4 Ddnh gid kdt qud ciia hoat d$ng quan ly rimg cdng ddng t h i ^ hi^n 3.4.1 Kdt qui dinh gii nhiing hoat ddng da thuc b Thuc tiang quan ly vi khai thic tii nguydn hidn Kdt qua danh gid cdc ho^t dOng quan ly bdo vd ning sau giao cho cdng ddng Kdt qua b bang cho thdy, tir giao rimg cho va phat tiidn rimg cua hai thdn Phu Trung vd Phu Nmh duoc the hidn d bang cdng ddng quan ly thi miic khai thde tai nguydn Bang Kdt qud ddnh gid cdc boat dpng quan I^ vd bao vd rimg ciia hai cdng ddng thdn Phii Trung vd Phii Ninh (N=30) Klm(%) Trung binh (%) cac hoat ddng T6t(%) Bd may tx) chiic quan ly 100 To chiic hdi hpp 23,33 76,67 Tuan tra bao ve rimg 83,34 16,66 Ve sinh va phdng chong chay rimg 83,34 16,66 Tai sinh va phat trien rimg 33,34 66,66 Ket qua d bdng cho thdy, cdc loai sdn pham rung nhu cae loai gd cd gia tri kinh td, lam san ngoai gd va ddng vat rimg ddu hi khai thac d miic dd cao Y kidn eiia ngudi dan dupc phdng vdn eho rdng, cac loai Idm sdn ndy cd nhu cdu tidu thii cao vd bdn ed gia til ldn cho ndn bi khai thdc nhidu Duy nhdt chi co loai go thdng dung dugc ddnh gid d miie tnmg binh, vi mue dieh khai thdc cac loai gd ndy chu yeu dd su dung hong gia dinh nhu lam nhd hoae chudng trai Nhu vay, trudc cdng ddng hai thdn Phu Ninh vd Phu Tnmg nhan quan ly rmig thi da sd cac loai tdi nguydn rung ddu hi khai thdc d muc dd cao Nguydn nhdn ldm cho tai nguydn ning bi khai thdc d miic cao khdng chi cae co quan nhd nudc khai ttiac cae loai gd cd gia tri kinh td dd ddu tu phdt tridn co sd tdng ciia dia phuong ma cdn cd nhiing nguydn nhdn khde, cu thd: (0 Vi khdng cd nhiing hoat ddng muu sinh khac ngodi san xuat ndng nghidp vdi nang suat thdp, ngirdi dan sdng xung quanh khu vuc rimg budc phai kidm kd muu sinh bdng cdch khai thdc tai nguydn rimg mpt cac bat hpp phdp Hp quan rudm rang, rimg Id cua edng ddng dd hg ed quydn khai thdc cae san pham tu rung di bdn ldy tidn phue vu cho cudc sdng hdng ngdy; (u) Idm tnrdng vd hat kidm lam khdng du kha nang qudn ly vi didn tich rimg qua ldn va ngudn luc ciia cae eo quan ndy edn rat han chd Mat khde, dia bdn hidm hd, giao thdng di lai khd khan, dd cac eo quan quan ly rimg khdng thd Idem sodt dupc Ihuc trang khai thac tidi phep tai nguyen rimg; (iii) co quan quan ly chua thuc su thu hiit su tham gia eua edng ddng va chinh quyen dia phirong vdo vide bao vd tdi nguydn rimg; (iv) nhidu Ioai gd da trd ndn cd gia tri cao vd da thu hilt su ehii y eua ngudi ddn, la ddng co khidn hg bdt chap luat phdp dd sdn sang khai thac nham phuc vu nhu cau muu sinh eua minh MONO NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 1/2015 115 KHOA HOC CdNG N G H £ Kdt qua d bdng eho thdy, ve bd may td chiic quan ly: 100% y kidn ddnh gid tdt vd ttieo y- kidn eua nhiing ngudi dirge phdng vdn, bd may dupc phan cap rd rang tir Ban Quan ly ddn cdc vidn, ddng thdi cae ttianh vidn tham gia quan ly vd bao vd rtmg ti-dn tinh than tu nguydn, vi lgi ieh chung cua edng ddng Ben canh dd, vide bau chgn ngudi lanh dao duoc thuc hidn mdt each ddn chii, cdng khai vd dugc dai da sd ngudi dan thdn hn nhidm Tuy nhidn, vd lau ddi, bd mdy cdn phdi cd tu cdch phap nhan vd dupc hao quyen thuc su Ndu khdng ed quyen lyc, hp khdng ed dupc tinh hpp phdp md hg cdn dd dai didn chinh quydn xii ly cdc trudng hgp vi pham quy udc bao vd rimg cua cdng ddng va khd tri dtroc hd thdng quan ly rimg cdng ddng hidn Vide td chiic hdi hpp va sinh boat eiia edng ddng dugc thuc hidn khd tdt hong giai do^n ddu va da it nhidu gdp phdn cdi thidn nhdn thiic eua ngudi dan Hdn quan ddn qudn ly bao ve va phdt tridn rimg (76,67% y kidn ddnh gid tdt) bang cdc boat ddng nhu td chtic cae budi tga ddm, hdi thao chia se kinh nghidm cho ngudi dan hong cdng ddng Nhung giai doan sau, hoat ddng ndy da cd phan giam di vide giai quyet tranh chdp khdng thudc ttiam quydn ciia ban quan ly Hon nua, vide kliai thdc hai phep cang phiic tap va ndi dung cdc budi sinh boat thdn it ldng ghep thdo ludn chia se kinh nghidm ndn da lam cho hoat dpng hdi hgp Ididng dupc thudng xuydn nhu trudc (23,33% y kien ddnh gid trung binh) Vd boat ddng tuan ha, bao vd rimg: kdt qua d bang ciing eho thdy, hoat dOng tudn ha, bao vd rimg d cdng ddng thdn Phii Trung va Phii Nmh dugc ddnh gid d miic tdt 83,34% Vide giao rimg cho cdng ddng da han chd, ngdn c h ^ vide tu khai thae tdi nguydn ning va da gdp phdn tdi sinh rung tu nhien Tuy nhien, vdn cdn mgt sd vu khai thae gd hdi phep, lan chidm dat rtmg edng ddng dd ldm nuong ray, nha d bdi ngudi ddn eae xa ldn cdn Vd hoat dOng vd sinh va phdng chdng chdy rimg: kdt qua d bang cho ttidy, 83,34% y kidn danh gid tdt vd 16,66% y kidn ddnh gia d miic tnmg binh vi edn mdt sd it hp gia dinh thuc hidn chua nghidm tiic Mat khde, tir sau cd su vide hanh chdp dat ctia ngudi dan xa Huong Hiiu ndn BQLRCD da it td ehiic tudn tra bao vd ndn vide hoat ddng vd sinh phdng chdng chay rimg cting it didn Vd boat ddng xiic tidn tdi sinh va phdt hidn rimg: hoat ddng ndy ehi dat d mux: tnmg binh vd kem, tirong ung 33,34% va 66,66% Nguydn nhdn ehinh la 116 d cdng ddng thdn Phii Trung va Phu Ninh da • khdng duge hd h p kuih phi cung nhu ky ttiuat ndn ] khdng thd tu lam gidu vd phuc hdi rimg Mat khdc, ' rimg llic mdi dupc giao da d miic rimg ngheo va cM dua vdo ddng gdp cay gidng ciia cdc vidn tham ' gia vdi ky thudt trdng cdn kem 3.4.2 Nhung khd khin tiong ho^t ddng quan ^ rirng d(ia vio cdng ddng dxa Huong Giang Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cho thay, chinh sdch cua Nha nudc ve qudn ly rung dua epng ddng cdn nhieu bat cap nhir ehua cd van bdn luat ndo dd cdp ddn tu ' each phdp 1^ cua cgng ddng, chua cdng nhdn quyen hgp phdp va trach nhiem cua cgng ddng dan cu thdn nhu mdt chu rimg that sir Cdc van ban quy pham phap luat ve dau tu va hn dung khdng quy dinh cOng ddng ddn cu thdn la ddi tupng dupc vay vdn dau tu va hirdng uu dai dau tu theo Luat Khuydn khich Ddu tu hong nudc tham gia vdo cac hoat dpng quan ly va phat tridn rung hi nhidn Vide phdi hpp giua cdc bdn hdn quan edn chtra thuc su hidu qua ma cdng ddng ehua cd nhidu tidng ndi va vai hd hong cdc boat ddng xir ly ede trudng hpp vi pham Mae du, da cd nhimg cd gdng nhdt dinh nhung dudng nhu vide khai thde go, lan chidm ddt rung vdn dm thdm didn Ddy la mdt khd khan Idn nhat hong vide bao vd rimg eiia edng ddng, vi rat khd cd Ihd kidm soat dupc cac ho9,t ddng khai thdc gd hai phdp, didu ndy dnh hudng ldn ddn tam Iy eua edng ddng Nang luc to chiic vd quan ly rimg cua edng ddng edn han chd, dae bidt la nhiing vi tri lanh dao hong BQLRCD Khi giao ning cdc cOng ddng chua nhdn dupc su ho tra dang kd ndo eiia Chinh phu nhu ndng eao nang luc quan ly rimg cho cOng ddng va hd h p tdi chinh hong thdi gian hp chua cd thd ty ldy rimg nudi rimg Cdc CO chd hudng Ipi hidn hdnh tu rimg thidu tinh kha thi, chua dupc van hdnh tdt va ngudi dan tnrdc mat ehua dupc hudng lpi gi dang kd tir rimg nghdo kiet, ndn ehua that su thidt tha vdi vide bao ve vd phat tridn rung 4.KeTLUAN - BQLRCD dupe ehinh quyen dia phuong thira nhan va cdng ddng iing hd giao rimg tu nhidn dd quan Ij^ va bao vd, budc ddu tao lap dupc co chd til quan ly hong cdng ddng Phdt huy dugc cac tdp qudn ciia ngudi ddn dia phuong ti-ong quan ly bao v$ rimg, kien tiiiie ban dia cua ngudi dan tiiy don gian nhung hidu qua cao Bd may td chirc qudn 1^ rimg o i a cdng ddng Id chat che, nhiing vi tii lanh dao BQLRCD dupc bdu chpn mOt each dan chu Cgng ddng da ed NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG ' '2015 KHOA HQC CONG NGH| quy udc quan ly bao vd va phdt tridn rimg tiid hidn mdi quan hd rang huge vd mat luat Id cua ede thdnh vidn hong cdng ddng - Trudc cdng ddng thdn nhan quan ly rimg thi da sd cae logi tdi nguydn rimg ddu bi khai thdc d mifc dp cao Tuy ittiidn, sau giao rimg thi mtic dp khai thde tai nguydn rimg ddu giam xudng miie thdp, thdm chi d mirc khdng khai thac Hoat ddng Idiai thde trdi phep tai nguydn ning sau giao vdn cdn didn nhung tinh hinh quan V^ bao vd rimg tdt hon nhidu so vdi trudc ning chua thudc ve cdng ddng - Giao rimg cho cgng ddng quan ly khdng nhiing tao didu kidn eho eae hd gia dinh cdng ddng tham gia cdng tdc quan Iy rimg, ldm chu cae khu rimg duoc giao md cdn tao didu kidn de cho ngirdi ddn cd ca hdi hirdng lpi bi rimg, gdp phdn eai thidn smh kd cua ngudi nhdn rimg Do tidm nang lao ddng cdc hd gia dinh ddi dao, neu dupc hd trp va hirdng ddn ky thuat bao vd, phdt trien va sir dung rimg, ngudi dan sd hirdng ling mdt each tich cue gdp phan phdt tridn rimg va cai thidn cudc sdng B^ gidi quydt cdc vdn dd edn tdn tai eiing nhu td chire thuc hidn ede boat ddng quan ly bao vd vd phdt tridn rimg ed hidu qua nhu mong mudn, cdc tac gid dd xuat mdt sd kidn nghi: (i) Cdng nhan cdng ddng thdn ban la mdt td chiic cd tu each phap nhan, mdt ddi tupng dupc vay vdn ddu tu vd dupc hudng uu dai ddu tu tham gia bao vd va phdt tridn rimg; (ii) edn thu bift cdc du dn hd h p vdn, ky thuat eho cdng ddng, di cdng ddng cd ngudn vdn eung nhu cae ky thuat can thidt tham gia quan ly bao vd va phdt tridn rimg; (ui) chinh quyen dia phuong edn phdi td chiic danh gia cdng ddng dugc nhdn rimg sau mdi giai doan kdt tiiuc kd hoach nam quan ly- bao vd va phdt tnen rimg Kdt qua boat ddng ddnh gia dd Id co sd dd dua nhiing quydt dinh ve vide tri hoac thu hdi rimg da giao eho edng ddng nham ban chd suy giam tai nguyen rimg TAI L i u THAM KHAO Trdn Diic Vidn, Mai Van Thanh, 2005 Phan cap hong qudn 1;^ tdi nguydn rimg va sinh kd cua ngudi dan Nhd xudt ban Ndng nghidp, Hd Ndi Nguydn Vinh Quang, 2003 Chinh sdch nhd nudc ve vide sir dung tdi nguydn rimg d cdng ddng mien nui Viet Nam Nguydn Quang Hda Anh, 2009 Su ddng thuan eiia ngudi dan ddi vdi hmh thiic quan ly rimg edng ddng tai Thira Thien - Hud Trudng Dai hpc Ndng Lam Hue Nguydn Trpng, 2010 Danh gid kdt qua 10 nam giap rimg cdng ddng ed su tham gia eiia ngudi dan d Thira Thidn - Hud Ky ydu hdi thao "Quan ly rimg tu nhidn dira hdn quydn eua ngirdi ddn" Hue UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014a Bdo edo ttidng kd dat dai trdn dia ban xa Huong Giang nam 2013 UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014b Bao cao tinh hinh phdt tndn kinh td-xa hpi cua xa Huong Giang thdng cudi ndm 2013 COMMUNiry BASED FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENTS CENTRAL VIETNAM: CASE STUDY AT HUONG GIANG COMMUNE, NAMDONG DISHUCT, THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE Nguyen Huu Ngu, Phan Thi Phuong Nhi Summary This article aims to study situation of management and exploitation of forest resources before and after delivering to community for managing Simultaneosly, assess results of management, protection and development activities of natural forest which performed by community The results showed that the ratio of households which registered to participate to manage and protect forest is 5/54 households and 9/47 households at Phu Trung village and Phu Ninh village, respectively The convention of forest management board is made by local community members The results also showed that forest resources are exploited with a high level before delivermg to community to manage However, it decreased to low level or even non -exploitation after delivering forest to coramumty About the management board, there was 100% of good level feedback About the organization of meeting and commumty activities, there was 76.67% of good level feedback About samtation and prevention/fight fire forest, there was 16.66% of medium level feedback because a small number of household had performed less seriously About the forest regeneration and development activities, it was rated at medium and weak level Keywords: Forestland, community, ethnic minority, forestry management convention, Huong Giang commune Ngudi phdn bidn: TS Dodn Hodi Nam Ngdy nh0n bdi: 15/7/2014 Ngdy thdng qua phan bidn: 17/8/2014 Ngdy duydt dang: 24/8/2014 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 1/2015 117 ... nhidn dira hdn quydn eua ngirdi ddn" Hue UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014a Bdo edo ttidng kd dat dai trdn dia ban xa Huong Giang nam 2013 UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014b Bao cao tinh hinh phdt tndn kinh td-xa... 9,92%; ddt chua sii dung la 148,51 ha, chidm 19,23% (UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014a) xa cd ttidn gdm Tay Linh, Ihuan Hoa, Tay Lde, Phil Trung, Phu Ninh, Phu Thuan Todn xa cd 367 hd, tdng sd dan la 1.475... ngudi; ngudi ngodi dd tudi lao dgng Id 724 ngudi (UBND xa Huong Giang, 2014b) Dia hinh cua xa ehu yeu la ddi mil phan bd d phia bdc, cao trung binh Id 245 m so vdi muc nude bidn, noi cao nhat Id khu