Làng nghề nam định và ô nhiễm môi trường

gjiPjajj^va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thua Thifn Hui Hoi Dia ly Vicl Nam Lang nghS Nam Djnh va nhiim moi tru'o'ng Nguyen Thj Quy Hgi', Pham Hoang H a i \ T r i n Thj Thanh ThiJy\ Nguyan V5n Trungi Abstract Craft villages and cnviromental pollutions in Nam Dinh province Nam Dinh province is considered as crowded population comparing wiih ils land area in the Red River Delta which has the rural populal lon rale over 70% Therefore, the development of craft villages was identified m J correct direction of the province The craft villages became a driving force for ihe industrialization and aodermzation of agriculture and rural area under the motto "leaving agricidlure staying homeland", "imported machinery but leaving homes" However, the left side of craft village has been revealed maikedly especially on -environmental pollution and public heallh The arlicle analyzes deeply the produced situation in the crafl vdluges (^Nam Dinh province, the problem of environmental pollution and its serious effect to both physical and mental and long-term future of Ihe villagers Thereafter Ihe paper proposes a number of measures to reduce pollulion raise awareness of people, bringing belter living environment for people in craft villages m particular and people (fthe whole province, of Vietnam in general MdDAU Tinh den nam 2011, tinh Nam Djnh cddien tich khoing 1.669 kin-(chilm khoang 0,5% dicn tich dit ty nhien toin qudc) vi khoing 833 500 ngudi (bing khoing 2,12% din so ca nudc), vdi mat d§dan s6 trung binh l.J96ngydi/km (trong mat dan sd trung binh eiia ca nudc chi khoing 263n^udi/km^ vi ciia Ddng Bing song H6ng khoang 939 ngudi/km^)[8] Nam dinh li tinh cd mat dan so trung binh rat cao Ti le dan ndng thdn chiem tren 70% din sd Vi vay, irudc sure ep ciia dan sd va nhu cau phat trien KT-XH, viec phit trien cac ling nghe dugc xic djnh la mgt hudng di dung din de lang nghe trd thinh ddng lyc cho qua trinh cdng nghiep hda nong nghiep, ndng thdn theo phuong cham "ly nong bit ly huong", "nhip xudng bat nhip thinh" Cac ling nghe d Nam Djnh rat da dgng, phong phii va phat trien manh me tir lau khdng chi bdi nhihig dieu kien ty nhien thugn lgi ma bdi vi tri chi'nh tri dac bict ciia vimg dit Nam Dinh Ii vimg dat "dia linh nhan kiet", noi phit tich vi li kinh lhu ciia nudc ta dudi trilu dgi nhi Tran Dudi thdi Phip thugc Nam Djnh la mgt trung tam kinh te quan trgng ciia vimg Ddng bang sdng Hdng (BBSH) va cua ca nudc Trii qua 700 nam hinh thinh vi phit trien, Thinh Nam xua va Nam Dinh da quy tu dan cu tir mgi mien ve sinh sdng Hg da mang iheo nhieu nghe truyen thdng dgc iiao de an cu va lap nghiep Nam Djnh cdn la que huong ciia nhieu anh tii, tuin kiet Con ngudi noi diy vira can cii chju khd, vira kheo leo, thdng minh, Vi vay Nam Djnh cung duoc coi Ii noi phat tich vabao luu nhilu phd nghe, ling nghe truyin thdng Qua thing tram cua ljch sir, cic ling nghi liic ihjnh, liJc suy nhung bin sac ciia van hda dan tdc Van dugc giii gin Tuy nhien, hien cac ling nghe d Nam Djnh chua dip ung dugc yeu ciu ve san phim ciia xa hgi, nhu nhgn djnh chung, mdi chi dua thj trudng dugc cii minh cd mi chua dua wye cii xa hgi can Dac biet, qua trinh Cdng nghiep hda - Hien dgi hoa (CNH-HDH) ndng Truang Cao ddng nghe Kinh iS - Ky thudt Vmatex Hn Dia Ly 'TntdngCDSPHdNam So Khoa hpc Cong nghi link Nam Dinh ^lA LY KINH TE - XA HOl; DIA LY CHINH TRI - QUAN SU Hyi Pja \rv^ Hgi Pia ly va Tai nguy£n Moi truong Thiia Thien Hu£ nghiep, ndng thdn theo xu thi phit triln bin viing (PTBV), nhirng mat trai cua ling nghe da hoc j$^ ret, nhit Ii vin de d nhiem mdi trudng, sure khde cgng ddng THirC TRANG SAN XUAT CAC LANG NGHE TINH NAM DINH 1.1 So liTffng cac lang nghe Theo cac tieu chi dugc quy dinh TT 116/2006 ciia Bd NN vi PTNT ngiy 18/6/2006, hi^ nay, Nam Djnh cd 94 ling nghi (tang 27 ling nghi so vdi nam 2000, tang ling nghe so vdi nan 2004 va dn djnh tii nim 2005 din nay), phan bd d 59 xa, phudng thj trin thugc 10 huyen, Thinh phi cua tinh, dd cd 18 ling nghi dugc cdng nhan Ii ling nghi truyen thing (LNTT) ' j Cic ling nghi dNam Djnh da dang va phong phii vdi 19 nganh nghe thudc logi coban Trong dd, nhdm nghi thu cdng my nghe (TCMN) chilm ti le ldn nhit vdi 42 ling nghi ehilm 44,6% long sd ling nghi hi?n cd Day cung li nhdm nganh nghi tap trung nhilu LNTT (5 ling nghi chilm 27,8%) Cic ling nghe co co s6 Iugng ldn (15) Ben cgnh mdt sd LNTT vdi ljch su hang tram nam, cac ling nghi mdi thugc nhdm ciing chiem sd lugng Ion Din nam 2010 li 10 lang nghi (lang ling so vdi 2000) su lan loi cua cic nghe ca klii truyen thdng va nhu ciu sin xuit may moc, diic bi?t la miy ndng cu va phu tiing phue vu cdng nghiep dong tiu • Del nhudm, uom lo la nhiing nginh nghi iruyen thong ciia tinh Hi?n nay, so lugng ling ihugc nhdm khdng tang nhung hoat dgng sin xual lgi rat sdi ddngdo nhu ciu cung cap nguyen hgu cho cic xi n^iep del d phd Nam Dinh va xu hudng phit trien gin vdi nghi may Nghi chain khic gd, hoa, cay canh so lugng ling nghe khdng nhilu nhung sin pham lai CO thuang hieu manh vi cd gii trj ldn van hoi ling nghi eua thinh Nam Bdng sd lugng ldng nghi phdn theo cdc nhdm ngdnh chinh ndm 2010 • Nganh san xuat Lang nghe che bien luong thirc thuc phlm(LTTP) Lang nghe det, nhuom, iroTn to - Del may - Ta Idm Lang nghe san xuat vat !ieu xay dung(VLXD) Lang nghe tai chS phe lieu, ca lihi - Ca -Nhua -Ren Lang nghe TCMN - Theu ren - Do gd my nghe - San mdi - Mdy tre dan -Coi - Non Id S6 lang nghe Ti le % so voi tong s6 lang nghe So LNTT Ti le % so voi tong so LNTT 5,6 5,6 13 13,9 9.6 4.3 22,1 16,5 5,6 5,3 0 19 20,3 27,7 IS 42 9 16,0 3,2 1.1 44,6 2.1 14 9.6 9,6 7.4 8.5 1 22,1 5,6 27,8 11.0 5.6 5.6 5.6 -; : Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn quoc ldn Ihd 6; Thdnh phd Hue, 9/20 i nifl ly v4 Tii nguyfn Moi Irirong Thiia Thien H l e lAnf nshe khac Manh manh Vong vd Dan col - Chdn bong -Mmi - Trdng hoa cdy cdnh ; / 1 2 94 Hoi Dja ly Vi^t Nam 8,6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 2.1 100 0 1 I IS 16,5 0 5,6 5.6 5.6 100 j flgudn: [3] 1,2 Phan cdng lao dong cac lang nghe Tinh den nam 2010, sd lao dgng chinh thirc irong cac ling nghe d Nam Djnh khoing 43.640 jigiriri (Tuy nhien, thuc tl sd niy ldn hon nhieu vi nhiing lao ddng gia dinh, lao ddng thdi vy khdng (kiyc tinh den vi die biet mgt sd nginh nghe nong thdn nhu trdng hoa vi cay cinh, va che biln nim, lim mu6i chi Ihdng ke dugc nhiing lao dgng chinh Lao ddng phy cic nginh niy, djlctiiii cong viec, chii ylu hoat ddng sin xuit ndng nghiep truyen thdng khic) Nam Dinh, sd lao dgng chuyen nghe chi chiem mdt ti le nho khoing 18% tong sd lao dgng |gm nghe (Ti le niy ciia ei nude la 11,29%) [3] Trong dd, sd lao ddng kiem nghe dao dgng khoang 70% Do cd sy phan cdng lao dgng sau sac nen cac ling nghe xuat hien mgt bd phgn lao dOng hoat dgng Irong cac nganh dich vu bo trg cho ling nghe Trung binh, lyc lugng chiem khoang 12% lao dong lam nghe ciia dia phuang So vdi nim 2000, ti le lao dgng chuyen nghe va lao dOng dich vu nghe da tang 8-9%, ti le lao dgng kiem nghe giim tuong irng Cic lang nghe cd ti le lao ddng chuyen nghe va lao dgng djch vu cao li: co khi, det may, TCMN (d}c bi?l la ehe bien go va son mii), thucmg dgt tren 30% (mdt sd lang nghe dat tren 60%: del may Cy Sp (Phuang Dinh - True Ninh): 69%; uam to Cd Chit (Phucmg Dinh - True Ninh): 80%; gd Trinh p(Yen Ninh - Y Yen); 64%, due dong Tdng Xa (Yen Xi - Y Yen): 61%., ) Ngug;c lgi, mgt so ling fighe TCMN khic (ndn li, cdi, th6u ren, may tre dan ) hay sin xuit VLXD, ehl biln LTTP Rat |ilillu ling nghi thugc nhdm cdn tdn tai tinh trgng khdng cd lao ddng chuyen nghi vi tit nhien, lao aSngdjch vy hau nhu khdng cd, neu cd thi ti le cung chi dudi 5% Ti 1? lao ddng chuyen nghi, kiem nghe, djch vy cung cd su khac giiia eic LNTT vi ling nghi mdi Cac LNTT qua trinh phit trien liu ddi nen ti le lao ddng chuyen nghi cao hon nhieu so V^cac ling nghi mdi Vi the cic LNTT phit triln mgnh cd ti le lao dgng chuyr^^ nghi eao thudng tap Sung phit triln mdt sd sin pham chinh, sin pham tinh, cd gia tri nghe thuit cao: gd my nghe, tugng iJongjdl thd Trong dd, cic ling nghi mdi thudng chii ylu dim nhin nhiing cdng dogn don gian, |iac6ng nguyen lieu cho cac LNTT phit trien mgnh, cd noi tao phdi, cd noi sa chi mia, cd noi san Wat hang tieu diing: xoong, ndi, vai vd, keo sgi., Trinh dd hgc van, trinh chuyen mdn kT thugt cua ngudi lao ddng d cac lang nghe cdn yeu Mac dii •*" 2001, toan tinh da cap xong THCS nhung din vin cdn 10% lao dgng mdi chi tot nghiep Tieu Ijpc So lao dgng tap trung chu ylu nhiing ngudi cd tudi tren 60 Chi cd 30% sd lao dgng da Fi^i?P THPT Do trinh hgc vin thip nen hinh dg chuyen mdn kT thuat ciia ngudi lao ddng cung l&igcao Tinh din mdi chi ed khoang 126 ngudi (0,29% tdng sd lao dgng) cd trinh dg dgi hgc^cao Pfr Lyc lugng lao dgng trinh cao tgp chii ylu hong cic lang nghe det may, che bien ^d, eo F-trong dd phin ldn la nhimg ngudi chti, cd su nhgy ben vdi thj trudng, cd tim nhin chien luge ddi vol Vj^at triln eua cae ca sd san xuit Vi vgy, det may, chi biln gd, va eo cung la nhiing nganh phat trien 'lALY KINH T£ - XA HOL DJA LY CHINH TR[ - QUAN SU Hyi Dja ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thira Thien Hui H^iPja ly Vijij^^ trung cap cd 1658 ngudi (chiem khoang 3,8%i), trinh dg sacap4146ngii(ri manh Sd lao ddnggcdtrirh c i% tdng chilm khoing 9,5% I „ sd lao dgng_ va cd din 40% , dugc dao tgo theo hinh tliirc kem cap, huyln n ^ tai ca sd sin xuil Nhu viy, cic ling nglie, cd din 87,4% lao ddng phd thdng chua qua daotjo Del may li nhom ling nghi cd ti le lao dgng qua dao tgo cao nhat (34%), nhung chu yeu chi d irinh d$ trung cip hoac so cip Trong klii dd, cac ling nghi cdi theu ren, ta tim, mudi, hoa, cay cmih hiu nhu kliong cd lao ddng nio dugc dao tgo den trinh trung cap 1.3 Cong nghe san xuat Trong nhimg nam gin diy, inh hudng ciia qua trinh CNH, cdng nghe san xuat d cic lang ngh^ da CO nhiing chuyin bicn tich cyc Nhieu co sd sin xuit di dau tu, ddi mdi cdng nghe, trang thict bj hi^ dai vio quy trinh sin xuil nhim nang cao nang suit lao dgng, gia thinh sin pham, tang sue canh tranh, ning cao hieu qua kinh te vi dac bict la hudng tdi mdt nen sin xuat "sgch" cac ling nghi diic ddng huyen Y Yen, dien hinh li d Tdng Xi (Yen Xi) vdi san pham la nhiing buc tugng lien khoi nang 30-50 tan, cao tren 60m, dl dang cd the nhan thay, cdng ngh? san xuit lac hiu trudc day khdng cdn tdn tgi, may mdc, thiet bj hien kha tan tien Hiep hgi Co diic Y Yen (gdm 47 thinh vien) da thyc hien thinh cdng dy in "U'ng dung cdng nghe ndu luyin ibep hgp kim" vi dy in dii mdi he thong tdi dau, nhiet luyen theo cong nghe cu sang he thdng diic hit chan khdng theo cdng nghe Chiu Au da giiip cho cac ling nghe diic tren dja bin phit trien manh vi co ch5 dling virng chic he thdng cac ling nghe Viet Nam [3] cac lang nghi san xuit VLXD, chi tinh rieng 25 xa thugc huyen tham gia dy in 116 irg san' xuit gach bin viing (VSBK) Thuy Sy tai trg, nam (2005-2010) da chuyen doi dugc 19% sll 16 gach thii cong moi nam -j Cic ling nghi del may, che bien LTTP cung co ti le co hoa cao, d cic ling nghe phant ldn di dugc thay the bang may mdc hien dai, cie khung det tay hau nhu khdng cdn Nhin chung ca che thi trudng, den nay, eac ling nghe tinh deu day mgnh viec ingl dungtien bd khoa hgc kT thuat mdi vao sin xuit Ben canh viec dau tu may mdc, thiet bl hien dai, caccoi sd sin xuil, cic doanh nghiep ling nghe eung tich cyc tiep can cic kT thuit mdi k8t hgp vdi kt| thuat san xuit truyen thdng nham nang cao trinh dg sin xuat, nang cao chat lugng sin pham Dac bi?t, cic kinh nghiem mang tinh "bi quylt", "gia truyen" van dugc ket hgp hai hoa vdi cong nghe mdi Iam cho cic sin pham ling nghe Nam Dinh vira giii dugc bin sac rieng, vira phii hgp vdi thi hieu thuai^ xuyen thay ddi cua ngudi lieu dimg ' Tuy nhien, qua kliio sit, de dang nhgn thay su diu tu cdn thilu ddng bg va mang tinh chap vS cic ling nghe Trong dieu kien nguon dau tu han hep, nhieu eo sd sin xuit kinh doanh chi dii vdn de mua mgt vai may mdc, thiet yeu Chinh dieu niy da din den sy dau tu thieu ddng bo, anh hudng den toin bg qui trinh sin xuat: ti le hao hyt nguyen lieu cao, sin pham khdng deu tay, chat lugng kem, khd dugc chap nhan d nhirng thj trudng Idn EU, Nhgt Ban, Hoa Ki ddng thdi giyo nhiem moi trudng, inh hudng den cuge song ciia ngudi dan va cgng dong 1.4 Hinh thuc to chii'c san xuat kinh doanh lang nghe Do xuat phit tir cic nginh nghe phy d ndng thdn nen cQng nhu nhieu lang nghe khic d Viet Nam, cic lang nghe Nam Djnh phat trien sin xuit tren ca sd hinh thiic kinh le hg Ti le hd gia dinh chiem 99,04%i tdng sd cic co sd san xuat kinh doanh cua lang nghe (nam 2000), den nam 20Iv ca sd lugng va ti trgng deu giam chi cdn 98,8% Nhu vgy c6 the thay, sin xuat d cac ling nghe rat manh mim, tu phit nen hinh thuc kinh tl hd gia dinh vin la chii ylu Trong dilu kien von it, hinh thirc 748 Hgi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn lhu Thanh phd Hui 9/20 l^aKva Tii nguyen Moi truong ThiJa Thien Hui Hdi Pia ly Vicl Nam ^ c thi huy dgng dugc nhieu ngudn lyc vio viec phit triln sin xuit: mat bing sin xuil (thudng 3|^4-5% lugmg vdn diu tu), lye lugng lao ddng gia dinh (ngudi gia va tre em),, Tuy nhien, hinh Ajic bgc Ig nhieu han che nhu chua dip iing dugc nhiing don hing vdi sd lugng Idn, nhiing jjciu kbit khe vl mlu ma vi chat lugng sin phim cho cic thi trudng kho tinh, nang diu tu miy 2c, thill bj hien dai, ddng bg khdng dam bao, mat bang sin xuat nho hep khd cd Ihl md rdng them, rt6tiep can duoc cic ngudn vdn tin dung uu dai ciing nhu khdng tryc liep ki kit dugc cac don hing ^ khiu CO gii tri Vi viy, xu hudng chung la can chuyen ddi sang hinh thirc lien hd, hgp tic xi fffTX) hay cac DN vira vi nhd khac So vdi hinh thirc kinh te hg, hinh thiic HTX cic ling nghi phit triln chua manh Nam 2000, Nam Dinh co 30 HTX (2/3 sd niy Ii to chiic lien ket cic hg diem din ling nghi sin xuil nuii Giao Thuy, Hit Hiu, NghTa Hung) Sau nam 2003, sd lugng HTX ting len nhanh chdn^ cd sfchuyen doi ca che hogt ddng theo luat HTX mdi Din nam 2005, ling nghi san xuat mudi giam mpnh, cac HTX ling nghi ting (43 HTX) chu ylu ti d cic ling nghe co khi, chi biln gd, del may vi TCMN Sau khiing hoing kinh le the gidi 2008-2009, mo hinh HTX cac ling nghi hoc 16 ro nhftng han che ciia minh, nhit la su nang ddng, linh hoat qui Irinh ip dung cong nghe mdi vi chuyen dii mat hang san xual kinh doanh Vi thi, den nam 2010, dNam Dinh chi cdn lai 12 HTX, ton tpi chu yeu d cic ling nghe TCMN va che bien LTTP, Hoal dgng ciia cac HTX li cung iing dich vydaL vao cho sin xuit, dung ten, hd irg lin dung cho cic co sd sin xual vien vi lien he, td chiirc dao l^o nghe cho lao dgng d dia phuong Vai trd cic djch vu dau ra: bao tieu sin phim, md r^ng thj Irudng,,, cdn rit han che, Cic doanh nghiep tu nhin, cong ty trich nhiem huu han (TNHH), cong ty cd phin, dii chiem ti le khiem tdn (khoing I,i% cic ling nghe) nhung ngiy cing td ro uu viet va phal huy vai tro sy phii trien mgnh me ciia nhicu ling nghe Vdi su nang dgng qui trinh sin xual, mot so hp gia dinh "an nen lam ra" (co khi, che bicn yg5,d?t may, che bicn LTTP, ) da chu dgng tao dung sue manh mang tinh phap ly bang each manh dan ^uySn ddi hoac gop von ciing thinh lap cic DN vira va nhd Tir nam 2006-2009, da thinh lip mdi mjc gan 200 DN vdi tong sd vdn dang ki len tdi 2.250 ti d6ng, Nhieu DN no luc tao sue mgnh long ttjp bing cich lien ket cic cong ty Idn hoac cic td chirc, cic hiep hoi nghe Cong ty Co phin La "Xuyen vang (Yen Ninh - Y Yen) dugc hgp nhal tir cdng ly TNHH Hien Oanh va Cdng Trang cd vdn MU tir Idn Chi tinh rieng dau tu miy moc thiet bj day truyen sin xual go hien dai quy md ldn 'Cfiacong ty giai doan dau da la li ddng Vdi nang niy, C6ng ty cd the dap iing dugc nhirng toi dat hang iri gii tren 30 ti ding, Hiep hdi co due Y Yen hgp nhit gin 50 DN vien, da lien Iffitdam nhgn nhirng don dat hang ldn, nhung cdng trinh qu6c gia (tugng dai chicn thing Dien Bien Phii, lu^g vua Ly Thai Td ), cdn chii trgng den viec xiy dyng, bio ve thuong hieu va quing bi, gidi ihieu (sbo san pham cua ling nghe Nam 2010, toin tinh cd 243 DN vira va nho Trong dd cic DN ciia cic lang nghe co chiem 36%, det may chilm 13%, sin xuit VLXD 9%, chi bien gd 7% vi san xuat hang TCMN 5% cd tru sod Thinh phd Nam Djnh (61%), huyen Y Yen 22%, huyen Xuan Trudng 6°/ va cic huyen khic, f^ieu DN so dd cd vdn dilu ie tren 30 ti dong: Cdng ty TNHH co due Trudng Thinh (TP Nam Djnh), Cdng ty TNHH ca Nhat - Viet (Xuan Trudng), Cong ty Co phin La Xuyenving, Cong ty d?t - may VTnh Oanh (Y Yen) , Moi DN dem lai cho lang nghe ngudn lhu idn, giii quyel vice 'wi cho khoang 250 - 300 ngudi Ngoai viec diy manh san xuit d DN ciia minh, cac DN cdn diy "iWh san xuit cie ca sd ve linh thdng qua viec cung img nguyen lieu va bao tieu sin phim, ^ day thyc sy la hgt nhin sy phat triln ciia cic ling nghi d Nam Djnh Vi the, hinh thiic niy •^E^ycing dugc khuyin khich phat triln mgnh, nhit la sau cic Cym cdng nghiep(CCN) ling nghe wpc dau tu xay dyng vi di vio hogt dgng ^lA LY KINH TE - XA HOL DIA LY CHINH TRI - QUAN S\J 749 Hoi Pia ly va Tai nguyen Mfii tru'ong Thira Thien Hui HQI Pja ly Viet N^m^ Nam Djnh la tinh diu tien tiln hanh triln khai chu Uuong khuyen khich phat trien ngJnk-^ nghi ndng thdn ciia Chinh phu Nam 2006, UBND tinh chi'nh thuc quyet djnh sd 1593/2006/(^' UBND vl ca chi khuyin khieh diu tu phat friln CCN vi dugc col la eo sd phap ly cho sy hinh iliinh v4 phit triln ciia cac CCN ling nghe d cac dja phucmg tren dja ban tinh Su hinh vi phat trien ciia cac^ CCN ling nghi da dap ung md rdng quy md sin xuat, lang cudng co sd vit chat, kT thuit va dac biet la khic phuc tinh trgng d nhilm mdi trudng d cic ling nghi hicn Hien nay, toan tinh da quy hoaeh 32 CCN lang n^he vdi tdng dien tfch 563,1 ha, tdng vo:i diutu CO sd ting 948,1 li ddng Trong 20 CCN ling nghe dang dugc xiy dung vdi-tdng dien tich 238,95 (dien tich dit cho diue la 168,41 ha), tong vdn diu tu 198,67 ti dong Nam 2010, ti le lip diycJ^t 64,65%, da cd 376 dy in diu tu dugc phe duyet Trong cd 166 DN, 1ITX va 208 hd sin vuii kinh doanh da nghi, vdi tdng von diu ludangki li 2.206,97 ti ddng (Hien da cd 1.313 ti ddng vdn dugcth^c hien) Kit qui sin xuit kinh doanh frong cae CCN ling nghi hieu qua, doanh thu nam 2010 d?i 2,338 ti ding (chilm 13% gii tri sin xuit cdng nghiep tren dja bin loan tinh vi 27,8% gia In sinxua^ cdng nghiep khu vyc ndng thdn), thu hiit tren 11.500 lao dgng Mgt sd CCN ling nghe dugc coi la "dilni sang" buc tranh kinh tl ndng thdn la CCN Vin Ching (Nam Tryc), CCN Yen Xa (Y \ L-n), CCN Hai Minh (Hai Hgu), CCN Xuan Tiln (Xuin Trudng) CCN ling nghi Ihuc sy Ii mgt hinh Ihirc Id chiic san xuit tiln bp da va dang mang lgi MI thay dfli ldn cho cac ling nghe Vi the, tuong lai, diy cung li hinh thuc Id chiic sin xuat duac quan lam diu tu va khuyen khich phit trien khdng chi d cac ling nghe ma cdn d tat ci cie khu virc ho^t dgng nganh nghe nong thdn tren dia bin toan tinh 1.5 San pham va thi trudng ticu thu san pham Sin phim ciia cic lang nghi Nam Dinh rat phong phii ve ehiing loai, da dang vl mau ma \ a gia ca, tir hing binh din den hang cao cap, tu cdng cy sin xuat thd so den may mdc, thiet bi hien dai, tan tien, ndi bat hon la cac sin pham cua lang nghe diic ddng Tdng Xi, cham khac gd La Xuyen (Y Yen), del Cu Trii, uom to Cd Chat (True Ninh), hoa, ciy canh Vi Khe (Nam True) Thdi ki 2000-2010, mac dii sd lugng lao ddng giam, sd cosd sin xuat ciing giam nhung mgt so mat hing van gia tang, nhieu vi nhanh nhat la sin pham eua cac lang nghe del may, che bien LTFP \k hang TCMN Ben canh dd, mgt sd san pham chju anh hudng Idn cua hing ngogi nhap va ciia khung hoang, sin xuat cd nhiing bien ddng lieu cyc, sd lugng san phim giam tham chi cd nhiing lang nghe bj tieu vong nhu: ling nghi sin xuit mu6i, det khan mat, nudi tam uom to Hi?n nay, vdi nhieu hinh thuc tieu thy phong phu: md cua hang, td chirc mgng Iudi dai ly, ky gii hang hoi, tham gia trung biy, Iriln lam, hdi chg thuong mai, gidi thieu sin pham, ki kit hgp ddng tieu thu, xuat khiu uy t h i c sin pham ciia lang nghe Nam Dinh da cd mgt rgng rai tren cac thj Irudng vi ngoai nude Bdng Thi trudng tieu thu cua mgt so sdn phdm ldng nghe STT Nhom mat hing ; Mdy tre dan Theu ren Tatdm Do go Coi Kim Khan ^ ^ ' Thi tnrcmg san pham tieu thy {%) Xuat khau Trong nu6c 70 SO IS 80 20 3S 30 SO 60 SO to Trong tinh 25 60 20 35 10 _ _ Ngudn: [3] Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Toan quoc ldn thir 6, Thdnh phd Hui, 9/20 gjg 1^ ya Tai nguyen Moi trirong Thua Thien Hue teSil!^ Hoi Dia ly Vict Nam ^ d nude, tinh eanh tranh cac sin pham cua cac ling nghi del may, chi biln LTTP, ca KifinB cao, chit yeu dugc lieu thu d thj trudng ndng thdn, siic mua yeu Hicn mgt s6 ling nghi da Lwen dll theo hudng gia cdng nguyen lieu hoac ban phim cho cac cdng ty ldn d thinh phd Lgn san xuit on djnh hon va hieu qua kinh tl mang lai cung cao han Cic ling nghe ca Igi phat ft^n manh theo hudng sin xuit ndng cu dip ung nhu cau ciia sin xuit ndng nghiep Trong dd, sin pham ciia nhieu LNTT (due ddng, gd my nghe, ciy canh,.,) cd sudgc dio va gia trj nghe thuat nen phit triln mgnh d nhirng thi trudng giau tilm nang nhu cic dd thj ldn nudc va ngoai nudc: My, Nhat, EU ,M6i nam da dem vc cho linh ngudn ngoai te Idn tir xuil khau (Idioang 40 trifiu USD) chiem 18,42% tdng kim nggch xuat khiu cua tinh Tuy nhien, theo dinh gii ciia JICA, kha ning canh tranh cua cac sin phim ling nghe d Nam Dinh phan Idn d trinh trung binh (64,8%), vi ylu (19%) Do da sd cic DN sin xuit hing xuit khiu ciquy mo vira va nhd nen bj hgn che ve ngudn nhin lyc, ngudn vdn; thiet bi c6ng nghS chua dap irng dugc yeu ciu xuat khiu tryc tiep mi phii xuat khau uy thac qua trung gian, vi the lgi nhuan khdng cao Giai doan 2006-2010, trung binh moi nam, gia trj xuit khau hang TCMN giim xudng 4,3%/nam Nguyen nhan ehinh la gii nguyen lieu dau vao lang, mau ma san pham don dieu sin xuit chu yeu theo cic don dat hang san cd, nang canh tranh yeu; hang hoi bj han che ve su ddng deu dii^c tliu gom tir nhieu hg sin xuat nhd !e va mdt sd thi irudng truyen thdng nhu Nhgt Ban, Phip, B&c.lai bj thu hep nhOng anh hudng ciia suy thoii kinh te De diy mgnh lieu thu cic sin pham hang hoi, die biet li hing xuat khau, cic ling nghe can chu ilpngdieu chinh chien luge sin xuat kinh doanh, ddi mdi trang thiet bj, mau ma sin pham theo thi hieu, day manh xiic ticn thuong mgi, tim kiem thi trudng mdi, lien tdi xuat khiu true tiep vi nhat Ii can cd su hotrgnhieumated vai trd quyet dinh tir phia cac cap chinh quyen dia phuong 2.PHAT TRIEN LANG NGHE VA VAN DE NHIEM MOI TRUOfNG TINH NAM DINH 2.1 Tinh tr^ng nhiem moi tru-dng tai cac lang nghe tinh Nam Dinh t Trudc su phat triln manh me ciia cac nginh nghi ndng thdn thi sd lugng, quy md cac lang nghe |6ng thay ddi va ciing vdi nd cac cdng trinh hg tang ve ve sinh mfli trudng cua cac ling nghi vdn chua Iman thien chi dap irng nhu ciu sinh hogt, lgi khdng dugc diu tu dl dap ung nhu cau sin xuit kinh doanh, Ben cgnh dd, y thuc bao ve mdi trudng ciia nhan dan va cac ca sd sin xuil kinh doanh khu vyc Sngnghl cdn hgn che nen linh trgng d nhiem mdi trudng cang gia tang nhanh chong O tat ci MC lang nghi hiu nhu chua cd he thong xu li chat thai, rac thai sin xuat va sinh hogt chua dugc thu &om hiel dl Theo Sd Tai nguyen - Mdi trudng Nam Djnh, ngogi trir cic ling nghe trdng hoa, cay cinh, lam mudi, va chi biln nim, mdi trudng d lit ca cac ling nghi cdn Igi dlu dang bi d nhilm, 24% sd dang d mure d nhiem nghiem trgng Thim chi, cae CCN ling nghe, cung co d^n 50% so CO sd sin xuit kinh doanh vin cdn vi phgm cic yeu ciu ve bao ve mdi h-udng Cac CCN tf^ dja bin toan tinh mdi thing cd khoang 20.000 m^ nude thai va 4L000 tin chit thai chua qua xii li 4ipc thii moi trudng, gay d nhilm dat, khdng vi ngudn nudc, cu thi nhu sar - Moi trudng khdng khi: Cac chit gay d nhilm mdi trudng khdng lang nghe gdm cd: byi, CO2.CO, SO2, NO^, chat hihi CO bay hoi thudng cd ngudn gdc tir viee ddt cac nhien lieu hoa thgch va su dyng cic nguyen vat I'Su, hoa chat fong qua trinh san xuit Tal ehl kim logi, sin xuit VLXD, ehl biln LTTP, d?t nhudm, ^MN la nhiing logi hinh sin xuit giy nhilm mdi trudng khdng nghiem trgng nhit Vi dy d ^& nghi ca Van Chang, trung binh mdi nam sir dyng khoing 42.200 tin than (50-70 tin /ngay) ^lA LV KINH Tfi - XA HOI; DIA LY CHINH TR] - QUAN SU Hoi Ria ly vi Tai nguygn Moi truong Thira Thien Hui -^-^ — H^i Pia IJ Vict N, ^1 chu ylu li than chit lugng thip, dugc sir dung cic Id niu, cd nhdm, nung, luyen sat, thep Trm binh nam co khoang 384,75 tin bui, 12,68 tin COj, 453,2 tan SO2, 369,5 tin NO2, 2,33 tin chithfl CO bay hai [1] Ngoii ra, qui trinh tii che va gia cdng kim logi cung gay phit sinh nhieu dochj nhu axil, kilm, oxit kim loai (PbO, ZnO, AI2O3) lang nghi diic ddng Tdng Xa (Y Yen), ningj cac chil gay d nhilm dlu vugt lieu chuin eho phep tir 5-8 lin [6] Tuang ty li d cic lang nghi d^ nhugm, dl ding cd the nhgn Ihiy bang mit thudng - Mdi Irudng nudc Mdi trudng nudc d 100% cic ling nghi dlu da bi d nhiem Khdi lugng vi die trung nuoc ihi sin xuil phu ihugc vio nguyen lieu diing va cdng nghe sin xuit Cic nganh che bien LTTP, uom to del nhudm cd nhu ciu nudc sin xuat Idn vi tat nhien cung xa thii mgt khdi lugng nudc tuong dirons vdi miic ddd nhilm hiru cocao, Nhtrng ling nghe tii che phe lieu, kim mac dii nhu ciu nuoc san xuat khong Idn nhung nudc thii lgi bj nhiem nhieu chal rat nguy hgi ddi vdi sue khoe eiia cgng ding nhu; kim loai ning, Hg, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, cic axit, mudi kim logi va xyanua d cic ling nghi che biln LTTP, khdi lugng nudc thii dao dgng khoing 5000-7000 mVngay dem, thudng khdng dugc xu Ii ma true tilp xi vio mdi trudng Him iugng chat hiru co nuoc rat cao (COD, BOD5 vugt QCVN hing chuc Iin) Moi nam, ling nghi niu rugu Kien Lao {Xuan Truimg), thii 18 tan COD vi khoang 11, tin BOD5, phd Giao Cii (Nam True) thai khoing21,7' lin COD va 13, tin BOD5, him lugng Ecoli ciing rit cao, gay anh hudng true liep den sire khoe ciia cong ddng dan cu xung quanh O cac ling nghe del, nhugm: Cd Chat, Cu Trir.,,hien chu yeu dimg cac! pham miu, thudc nhugm hoi hoc nen muc d nhiem ngiy cing nguy hai O ling nghe del iihuOm Thinh Lgi irung binh thii khoing 500 m"' nudc m6i ngiy dd him Iugng cac chat dgc hai cung vugt TCVN 5945-1995 lir den 15 lin nhu dCfl Chat, C) cic ling nghe TCMN tre, nira chap tinh trang d nhiem mdi trudng nudc cung dang dien ra' nghiem trgng, cdng doan xir ly ngim nguyen lieu tre, mia trudc dua vio sin xuit U^c tinh binh quin mdi ngiy tai xa Yen Ticn (Y Yen) sir dung tir 150-200 tin tre, mia, mdi nam khoang 70,000 lin nguyen lieu, Cac nguyen lieu deu dugc xir ly Ihfl bang cdng doan ngam nudc tir 2-3 thing Do sd Iugng qui ldn, nen toin bg nhirng diem cd mat nudc cua xa deu dugc ngudi dan tin d^tngj de ngam tre, nira, Cimg vdi thdi gian, tit ci cac viing mat nudc cua xa dan chuyen sang mau den kjt, die quinh, bflc miii hdi thoi ndng ngc [7] Nim 2007, sd lieu dgc ciia sd tii nguyen mdi Irudng linh tai cic kenh, ao, hd ciia Yen Tien cho thay, cic thdng sd ddc hai nhu BOD, COD, dlu vuol 5-25 Ian miic cho phep [6], Va cdn cd diu hieu lang cao hon hien Ngoii nudc mat, tit ca cic gi^ng dao, gieng khoan, ngudn nude ngim eiia Yen Tiln ciing deu ed miu sam, vin va cd miii Ig Hien l?i mdi chi CO nira xa mien tren dugc tiep can nguon nudc miy tir nha miy nudc Y Yen, nhung Iiri;m^ nudc chua dam bao nhu ciu Nira xa mien dudi ciia xa van phai diing nude mua, nudc gilng loc dS sinh hoat, Lang nghe Van Ching (Nam Tryc) dugc xem la lang nghe d nhiem nhat d Nam Dinh, ham lugng Ni vugt tieu chuin cho phep lin, Zn vugt lin (9,3mg/l), Cr cao gip 10 lin QCVN (65mg/Ij cao nhit sd cic miu quan trie d cac ling nghi ciia DBSH [1] - Chdt thdi rdn Theo bao cio ciia Sd Tai nguyen - Mdi trudng Nam Dinh, d tit ci cac ling nghi, chit ihii rin deu chua dugc thu gom triet de va xir li dung cich, chi ed 70%i chit thai dugc cac hg thue ngudi mang d cac bai ric tip trung, 14,8% sd hg luy lien dudng lang, ngo xdm 100% so ric thai chua dugc xii li diing quy cich [2] Day la ngudn gay d nhilm nghiem trgng ddi vol moi trudng niicic, 752 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thu 6; ThdnhphdHui 9/201 j pu K v H ^ ' " g " y ^ " ^^' truong Thua Thien Hue ^ Hpi Pia ly Viyt Nam ^^trtfcmg dit vi mdi trudng khdng cic ling nghi che biln LTTP, ngudn rac thii giiu chit hiru *pha" ''"y "^" thudng gay miii xii ul, khd chiu Ling nghi tai che kim loai cd phan chit thai 'Srit phi>c tap vi khd phan buy Nhu d Van Chang trung binh ngiy, co khoing tin chil thai rin chua jiieubavic, bui, kim loai ngng, ri sal, phoi, xi than, xi kem nhung hien vin chua cd bien phipxu li -ip Ijng nghi det may, eic chat thiiran cd nhieu bui bong, vii vun ,dlu dugc chdn lip qua loa tfong nhihig bai rac tap trung cua ling nghi tl Tic d§ng eua nhiem moi tru'dng d cac lang nghe Co thi de dang nhin thiy, ciing vdi hoal dong ciia cic ling nghe Nam Dinh, mdt Iugng Idn chit thai, nudc thai chua qua xii li rat ddc hai dugc tri ve mdi trudng, Iim cho mdi trudng song cic ling nghi bj xuIng cap nghiem trgng, Tuy viy, moi loai nginh nghe ihudng chua cic ylu Id giy fl nhilm moi trudng dac trung da din den tinh trang sire khoe ciia ngudi dan d cac ling nghi kliic cung khac Mac dii vay, qua cac ket qui khio sat cho ihay, mgt die diem chung ciia cdng ddng (Jan cir khu vyc ling nghe Nam Dinh bi nhiem li: benh tal gia lang, ludi thg suy giam, kinh tl cung thi^thgi Idn Theo dicu tra ciia Sd Y tc tinh Nam Dinh, ti le ngudi mic benh (dac biet la nhdm ngudi tiong dO tuoi lao dgng) d cic lang iighc dang co \u hudng gia ting vi cao hon han so vdi nhirng k!iu v^rc thuin ndng vdi cac benh thudng gap ve dudng hd hap (tai, miii, hgng) vi benh ngoai da, doi la cac b?nh nan y (ma nguy hiem nhit li ung thu) Theo thflng ke cua Tram y le xa Yen Tien, nam 2011 cd tdi 11 ngudi chet ung lhu, ty I? dau mat hgt hoal linh hgc sinh la 1,28%, benh lao cd benh nhan, benh viem hd hip tren ludn phii Irien vdi chi sd rat cao, nhit li vio miia he nhiet cao, mua Idn lam Ian rpng, khuech tin miii hdi thii tir cic ao hd, kenh muong bao phii khip noi, Ciing vdi benh tit, ngufln nude cua cic kenh tudi tieu bj nhiem dang gay anh hudng den sin xuit nflng nghiep tren dja ban xa va lan can Tii che phe li^u la lac nhin gay fl nhiem nguy hai nhit dfli vdi ddi sflng eiia cgng dong cac ling nghe, thuong cd nhieu khf dgc vi chit dgc nguy hiem, nhiet dfl vi tieng dn deu vugt ^ngirong cho phep Vi the tai hau het cac ling nghe ihugc nhdm xuit hien eic tic nhin gay b^nhlhin kinh, Theo bio cio ciia Bd Tai nguyen - Mfli trudng (2008), li Ie ngudi mac benh ung thu va chet d Van Chang (Nam Tryc) la 13,04%, d Tflng Xa (Y Yen) la 9,8% Trong nam (2000-2006), ftlong Xa cd 102 ngudi chet, Trong dd sd ngudi chel vi ung thu (gan, phoi, da day, ,) chiem den 25,5%, chet vi tai bien mgch miu 19,6%); va hiu nhu nam nio cung cd ngudi chet vi tai nan lao dgng Ba so cic ca tre so sinh bi chet la sinh non hoac di tit bam sinh Tudi thg trung binh ciia ngudi dan l^gnghe Tdng Xa giim (60 tudi), thap hon nhieu so vdt mirc trung binh ciia ci nudc, d Van Chang thap hon (55 tuoi) Day la hau qui cua su nhiem mdi trudng cic ling nghe, "Ginh nang benh (?t"ngay cing ldn nang sualtrong n6ngnghiep giim [1] Theo Dfl Dinh Xuan, hirdng Dai hgc dilu dudng Nam Djnh (2009), ty Ie dj dang bam sinh PDBS) la kha cao tgi cac lang nghi co ciia linh (7,88%) so vdi 4,9%cua ca tinh Day ii sfl dang bao dgng [5] Thuc tl, cic ling nghi ciia Nam Dinh ngiy cing phat tncn manh, nhunc quy md sin xuat van cdn nhd, le d quy md hd gia dinh, dia diem sin xuat tai chd, cdng nghe cdn dan gian tho so, phuang •ifn phdng hd hiu nhu chua cd, ngudn nhan luc khong ddng deu vdi mgi lua tudi, dd ben canh mat cd lyi nhu diu tu it, tin dyng dugc su"c lao ddng ciia mgi ngudi gia dinh, nhimg dac diem niy cgng Voi viec ngudi din chua y thire dugc tic hai lau dai ciia fl nhiem mdi trudng, da din den mgi ngudi gia dinh va ci cdng ddng dlu phii ginh chiu hiu qui ciia su dge hai va hiu qui tat yeu chinh la nguy ca l>?nh tit cua ngudi dan va ty le DDBS dlu gia ting ^lA LY KINH TE - XA HOl; DIA LY CHJNH TRI - QUAN SU Hpi Dja lyVietmj Hoi Pia ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thii-d Thicn HuE Biiu dd 1: Thai gian nip xuc cua bd, me ngudi^ di dgng bdm sinh d mdi trudng dgc hgi lang nghi ctr\ linh Nam Djnh linh din sinh di dgng bdm sinh I pi Ngufln: [5] Qua bilu dd iren cho Ihay, nhdm lao dgng lim viec Irong cic ling nghe co Nam Dinh tir 6' den 10 nam cd ty Ie sinh DDBS cao nhit, Dilu co nghTa li sau nam lani vice lgi cac lanr nghi CO khi, nguy ca sinh DDBS li cao, Iriing vdi lira tudi sinh phd bien Con nhom tuoi tilp xiic vdi nghe tren 15 nam (nhdm tuoi it sinh) cd ty le smh DDBS thap [5], Nhu vay co thi thiy ring, mac dii ling nghe di, dang vi se cdn dem lai lhu nhgp cao cho nguii din, song chit lugng cudc sdng ciia ngudi dan tai cic ling nghe linh Nam Dinh dang giim dan moi trudng bj d nhilm nghiem trpng, nhilni moi trudng ngoai vice gay inh hudng xiu den sue khoe ciia cpng dong dan cu giy thiet hai Idn ve kinh te viec gia tang cic chi phi kham chiia benii giam nang suit lao dgng, giim siic hiil du lich ddng thdi gay inh hudng den cac nginh nghe khic Do linh trang d nhilm dgc hai keo dai ly le sinh DDBS ling, so ngudi bi ung thu ngiy cing nhieu, Nhiing hiu qui niy da lie ddng rat xau ei ve vil chit, tinh thin lau dii cua ngudi din Ben canh do, xung dpt mfli trudng gi&a cgng ddng Iim nghe vi khdng lim nghe, giira sin xuat nghe vdi sin xuit nong nghiep, giiia sin xuat vdi mi quan, vin hoa, ,ciing cd the phit sinh vi gia tang dan den khieu kicn kk dii, khd giai quyet mgt cich triet de Cd the thay rang, d nhiem mdi truimg Ii vin de ding bao ddng d hau khap cic ling nghe Nam Dinh hien Trong thuc le, Igi nhuan kinh te, nhu ciu thu nhip cao vin dang thuc diy cic ling nghe tien cdng vao ngudng chiu tii ciia mdi truong Do dd ben canh viec quy hoach, thiet ke cac CCN lang nghe - mgt giii phip co ban, hgp ly can lam hien nay, thi cac co quan chuc nang ciia tinh can phii chung lay vdi ngudi dan xay dyng cac chien luge quy hoach lai co sd ting eflng cgng cho cic lang nghe cii, cho phep tdn lgi cic co sd thuc hien cac cdng dogn it gay d nhiem mdi trudng de tii phan cdng lao dgng va nang cao y thirc bio ve mdi trudng ciia ngudi dan Tuy viy, de giim thieu nhiem mdi trudng d cac lang nghi cin cd cac giai phap ddng bd la: - Tien hinh khio sit, dinh gii hien trang mdi trudng, phan logi theo muc dg vi linh tliito nhicm, phan dinh nhiing nginh nghe gay d nhiem nghiem trgng de di chuyen vio cac CCN tgp irung, hd trg chi phi dau tu xii li d nhiem mdi trudng ling nghe, - Phd bien, khuyen khich ap dyng cdng nghe mdi, thyc hien chuong trinh "San xuat sach hon , "Quan li chat thai nguy hai" vi " Kiem soat d nhiem mdi trudng lang nghe" HOI nghj Khoa hgc Dja ly Todn quoc ldn thu 6, Thdnh phd Hui ^'20U uBjajy vi Tai nguygn Mfii lrtr6ng Thua ThJgn Hui Hyi Dia ly Vigt Nam - Xay dung he thdng xii li chil thai, die biet li nudc thai vi cic bai chdn lip chit thii rin cic cym cdng nghiep ndi rieng vi cic lang nghi ndi chung Kit hgp vol cai tgo h^ thdng ajsdhg ting tgi cic ling nghi cu cho phii hgp han - Tang cudng cii lao mdi trudng khu vuc sin xuat bing cich thu gom ric thai mgt cich ,.jjfitdl,trdngcay xanh de giam thieu byi va dgc - Tuyen truyin ning cao y^ thire cgng ddng din cu vl phdng chong d nhilm va bao v? p6itrudng, tang cudng quin li, kiem tra va cd che tai xii li nhirng vi pham m5i trudng, Trong nhirng nam tdi, phit trien sin xuat kinh doanh cac ling nghi cin cd img dung khoa hpc cong nghe, phit trien sin xuat theo hudng sach hon, vira phit triln san xuit vira bao tdn dugc cae gia trj huyen thdrig mang dam ban sac dan tpc; vira phit trien sin xuit vira bio ve mdi trudng; khdng ngirng tuyen truyen, tu van nang eao y thirc bio ve mdi truong cua ngudi din; khdng ngirng ip dung cac bi?n phip xii ly tinh trang d nhiem mdi truong dem Iai mdi trudng sdng lot hon cho ngudi din luig nghe ndi rieng va ngudi din toin tinh Nam Djnh ndi chung TAI LIEU THAM KHAO a By Tai nguyen va mdi Irudng (2008), Bao cio mfli Irudng qu6c gia 2008, mdi trudng lang nghi VietNam, HaNgi |, Dgng Dinh Long (2005), Tinh cgng ding vi xung dot moi trudng tai khu vyc ling nghi d DBSH, thyc trang vi xu hudng bien ddi, NXB Ndng nghiep Hi Ndi Sd Cong Thuang Nam Djnh, Bao cao tinh hinh phit trien CN -TTCN vi ling nghi qua cic nam 2008-2011 \i UBND linh Nam Djnh (2011), K I hogch thyc hien Nghj quylt eua BCH Ding bg tinh Nam Djiih * vl_phit triln CN -TTCN, ling nghi d ndng thdn giai doan 2011-2015 i Do Dinh Xuan (2009), Bio cio tdng kel de tii khoa hgc cdng nghe cap tinh: Nghien ciru inh I hirdng ciia mdi trudng ddc hgi tdi ty le di dgng bim sinh cua ngudi din d mgt sd ling nghe co tinh Nam Dinh, Trudng Dai hgc dieu dudng Nam Dinh % Trung tam quan trac va phan tich tai nguyen mdi trudng (2007), Bio cao Dieu tra tinh hinh mdi trudng lang nghe tinh Nam Djnh, Sd Tii nguyen - Mdi trudng tinh Nam Djnh T- http;//wwvi/.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Moi-truong-lang-nghe-Yen-Tien-o-nhiem-nghiem-trong I http://vvTvw.namdinh.gov.vn/Gioithieu ^ LY KINH TE - XA HOL DIA LY CHINH TR] - QUAN SI/ ... Viet Nam, cic lang nghe Nam Djnh phat trien sin xuit tren ca sd hinh thiic kinh le hg Ti le hd gia dinh chiem 99,04%i tdng sd cic co sd san xuat kinh doanh cua lang nghe (nam 2000), den nam 20Iv... Sd Cong Thuang Nam Djnh, Bao cao tinh hinh phit trien CN -TTCN vi ling nghi qua cic nam 2008-2011 \i UBND linh Nam Djnh (2011), K I hogch thyc hien Nghj quylt eua BCH Ding bg tinh Nam Djiih * vl_phit... NGHE TINH NAM DINH 1.1 So liTffng cac lang nghe Theo cac tieu chi dugc quy dinh TT 116/2006 ciia Bd NN vi PTNT ngiy 18/6/2006, hi^ nay, Nam Djnh cd 94 ling nghi (tang 27 ling nghi so vdi nam 2000,