Phân vùng môi trường phục vụ quản lý khu di sản thiên nhiên thế giới vịnh hạ long, tỉnh quảng ninh

Hoi Pia ly va T^i nguyan Mfii truong Thiia HiiCn Hue Hyi p i k H r y i £ l J \ a m D I khoa hoc cong nghe bi§n t h y c s y tro* dong ILPC phat trien cac ITnh virc lien quan d§n bien LeDucTtV Abstract Striving for marine sciences and technologies have become deMlopmcnt moti\ation of related fields J 'letnain has more than 3260 km oj the coast line Irom the Xorih tu the South Furihermore Hast Sea is known as one of typical centers of biodiversity in the woihl Striving for Vietnam has became developed country with marine economic Ls one oJ main disciplines' we need lo promote all marine potentials Therefore Marine sciences and technologies are playing an imporlanl role jor development uf related fields As follow this line, the Program KC ~ 09/06 -10 is concentrated on 'ip;i\"ig marine forecasting technologies In the papei we show tipical results of the Program - Process of shoiteim forecasting of marine meteorological, field of marine dynamic factors, field oj marine hydrological factoi s - Process of Tuna Fi.sh fisheries Juretasung in offshore regions of the Central I'tetmmi Such processes are modern technologies which are applying successful in Vietnam fur indiistilalizattoii and modernization of marine economic sector The ky XXI dirac eac trudng kinh te va dan so hien va cac he sinh thai dang ngiij vinh ciia nhan loai, dac biet nha chien tirgc xem la "the ky ciia dai d u a n g " bdi ciing \ d i loc lang nguon lai ngu\'en thien nhicn Ircn dat Hen dang can kicl mdi trudng cang suy thoai Bien va dai duong la lanh tho xanh dam bao cho su phon la cac qudc gia cd bien, co Vicl Nam Trong bdi canh cac cudng quoc bicn dang co ke hoach vuan bien khai thac lai nguyen tii bien va khdng che bien, ddng thdi khong qucn bao tcjn lai nguyen ciia minh tren dat lien va vimg bicn chii quv'cn Su hgp lac qudc le ve bicn cung dang khong ngirng dugc md rgng Trong do, Cdng ude ciia Lien Hiep Quoc vc Luat bicn nam 1982 da ddi nhu mot ban hien chuong \e bicn ciia cgng ddng qudc tc, da dam biio an ninh va cong bang giira cae qudc gia tren the gidi Viet Nam la mot qudc gia Idn ven Bicn Ddng cd dicn tich viing bicn dac quyen kinh tc rdng tren mgi Irieu km", dudng bd bicn dai khoang 3260 km, chay theo chicu dai dat nude lii Igi the nhu cira ngo Idn giao liru vdi cac nude khu virc va the gidi Nam vimg hau nhiet ddi, bicn Vict Nam la mot nhung trung tam da dang sinh hgc quan trgng nhat ciia the gidi, ngudn lai bicn phong phii dam bao dinh duang cho cdng dong dan cu ven bicn khoang 1/3 dan s6 ca nude Cac lai nguyen bicn khac rSt da dang, irudc het lai nguyen dau da la ngudn ddng lgc phat trien kinh ttj dai nude, cac tuyen duimg hang hai va hang khdng hu\6t mach \uycn qua Bien Dong da tao dieu kicn thuan Igi cho nude la viran the gidi, nang cao gia tn vj the dja - kinh tc, dia - chinh tri ciia Vict Nam, ddng thdi ciing dat nhirng thach thirc d khu vuc Nhan thuc dugc vi tri chi£n luge ciia Bicn Ddng ddi vdi phat trien KT-XH ANQP va moi truimg song Dang va Nha nude tada cd chii truang, chinh sach vc bicn Nam 1997 chi thi ciiaTW vc day manh phal iriOn kinh td bi^n theo hudng CNH HDH Trong dd da nhan manh phal hii\ mgi tiem lire va Igi the ciia vimg biOn ciing vdi ca nude xay dung Vicl Nam trd mot nude manh vc kinh lc ' Dai Iwc Quae Gut lla Mpi DIALYBIF.N VAHAI DAO Vlfil'NAM Iliii Oja l\ va Tai nguven Moi truo^ng Tliua ThiOii lluC Hoi Dia l> Viet Nam bicn Nam 2007 Trung uang Dang da ban hanh chicn luge biOn Vii-i Nam den niim 2020 ihco muc lieu dat hi N'li'i Nam phfm diiu trd qudc gia manh ve b i f n lam giau lir bi6n phal hu\ moi tiOm nang lir bien giSp phan quan trgng irong sir nghiep CNH HDI I d^t nude Chicn luge cimg dii xac dnih phal tncn kinh lc bicn hieu qua va bi;n viing, dd phat tridn kinh tc vdi su dung hgp ly tai nguyen thicn nhien va mdi ituiing Trong ciing cudc \ a \ dung, phat trien kinh li) - xii hgi thuc hicn cdng nghiep hda, hien dai liiia dat nude, cung nhu irong thuc hicn chicn luge bitJn, khoa hgc cdng nghe lu6n dirge coi la dgng lire v;! ncn lang cua su phat trien Lii can cd quan dc khoa hgc, cdng nghe bicn dinh hudng cho mgi dt xuiit ciic nhiem vu, ndi dung nghicn ciru cii he thong cac chuang trinh khoa hgc cdng nghe bicn Irons; 30 niiin giin diiy \ i i cii irong giai doan tdi Cach licp can sinh thai \ a he ihdng nghien ciru kliai ihac bii'n la each lam khoa hgc dam bao sir phal trien ben vung tai nguyen va nidi irudng bicn, dd khoa hgc, cdng nghe bien thuc su lii dgng lire phiil trien cac ITnh vuc lien quan den bicn Nhin lai 20 nam hgi nhap va phat trien, kinh te bicn da co nhu'ng khdi sac Quy md kinh te bi6ii \ va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thii^ Thicn Hui- Hui Dia Iv Viet N.un \cm la vimg bicn quan trgng nhat nhay cam nhat \ c mdi trirdng cd \' nghT chien luge ddi voi sir nghiep phal i r i l n ciia dat nude, cac HSl" R N M I I S l ihiim cd bien HST ran san hd co vai trd quan trgng dam bao sir phat trien ben virng tai nguyen mdi trudng - sinh Ihiii Lien quan den khai Ihac ben vung ngudn Igi bien co Ihe dan mgt kcl qua nghien ciru khoa hgc ciia GS Phan Nguyen I long vc giii trj sinh thai R \ \ Rirng ngap man lii IIS1~ dien hinh ciia vimg bicn nhiet ddi gid miia nhu Vicl Nam RNM pliiil triin tren viing dat ngap nude ven bicn cira sdng, chiu lac ddng ciia tluiy tricu va song bicn MSI RNM Ihich nghi vdi nioi trirdng chuyen tiep bien - dat lien \ a eac yeu id hau Ihuy viin tuong img CO tinh da dang sinh hgc va nang suat sinh hoc cao nhat HST RNM dugc xem nhu mgt hire tuiing lu nhicn bao vc bd bicn, dieu hoa hau va la cai ndi sinh san va nuoi dirdng ngudn Igi hiii s;in cua \ img biiin \cn bd Kcl qua nghicn ciru cua nhieu lac gia da khang dinh HST RNM co nang suiit sinh hgc cao nhiit dac biet la nguon lai hai san Udc tinh nang suat tren mdi hang nam cho 9] kg thu.v -san Neu tinh cac loai liai san diiiih bat dugc d vimg ven bien ciia song eo RNM hoac li'-'H quan \ i RNM Ihi sail lugng co the len tdi 926.000 tan, tuang duong % tdng san lugng ca danh bill hang mim ircn the gidi Nang suiit sinh hoc cao ciia HST R N M ed lien quan den su lich tu cite ciuil '(rC' fkroiig lir hic dia song tai ra, ihiiy trieu lir bicn dua vao va td cac chat mim ba phan luiy tir ih-'nr riing iigiip mriii Australia, ngudi ta da danh giii dugc 67% cac loai hai san cd gia Irj kmh tc di;u phii lluigc viio I IS!" RNM cira song Nguon thuc an dau lien phong phii vii da dang dugc cung cap cho ciic loai lluiv' s;in lii chiit liii'u CO thuc viil, la san pham ciia qua trinh phan hiiy la, canh, chdi, re ciia ciic loiii ciiy RNM, Lugng lii RNM roi hang niim co i h l dat d i n 10,000 - 14.000 kg kho/ha mim i'lorida o' RNM Cii Mail la 9,720 kg/ha/nani (P N Hong 1984) La KNM ro1 xuong kenh racli vii dudi liin limg dtror midc tricu mang di, qua Irinh phan hiiy dien lien luc quanh niim Trong quii Irinh niiy co liic dgng cua Ciic loai nam sdng tren la liim cho Iirgng dam tang 2-3 lan so vdi ban dau Ben canh vi sinh v;ii niiin CO cac loai giun irdn ciing tham gia tich cue qua Irinh phan hiiy lam giau Iirgng dam dinh dudng cac chat miin cOa HST Cac nha khoa hgc M> da chimg minh diing niing luong \ i i chudi ihirc iin Irong RNM cd mdi quan he rang huge giira cay RNM va nang suat thiiy san Den linn minh Ciic loiii dgng vat an mini ba ihu'c \ a l phan hiiy sc lam miii cho nhirng loai dgng viil bac cao han - cac loiii ca kinh lc chim, lai ca, ngudi He sinh thai RNM cdn la nai cu i n i , nudi duong non ciia nhicu loai hai san co giii trj, nhu li)m he, idm cang xanh cd the xem HST RNM nhu vudn uoin cho su sdng cua hien Trong vong diri ciia nhicu loai torn, ca, cd mgt hoac nhieu giai doan bat huge phai song vimg nude cua song co RNM Vdi vai tro vira la noi bao ve nudi dudng non gidng, vira cung ciip Ihirc an hO smh Ihai RNM ddng vai trd cue ky quan trgng dam bao nang suat, san lugng ngudn Igi hiii san vimg nude cua si>ng ven b i i n Ngoai san Iirgng torn, ca RNM cung cap ngudn giong cho nghe nuoi hai san nlur nuoi sd, ca dia cd gia irj kinh te cao Nhu viiy vice bao ton ciic he sinh thai RNM khiing phai chi dc khai thiic lam san, ma chinh lii dc tri \ a nang cao nang suat nudi trdng, danh bat hai san, bao vc linh da dang sinh hoe bao vc hd bien Vice bao ve va phal t r i i n RNM > t cac he sinh thai bien khac (he sinh thiii tham co bien he smh thai ran san hd) la each t i l p can sinh thai ben vung nhat, khoa hoc nhat Trong cong ciioc xay dung, phiit trien kinh tc - xa hgi, thuc hicn cong nghiep hda hien din hda dai nude, ciing nhu thuc hicn c h i l n luge b i i n , khoa hgc cdng nghe luon dugc coi la ddng lire, ncn lang ciia su phal Irien, Irong dd khoa hgc cdng nghe bicn thuc sir trd ddng lire phal Irien cac Ihih \ uc hen quan d i n b i i n chimg tdi trich dan mgt sd ket qua nghien ciru tieu bicu ciia chuang trinh K I I C N bien KC - 09/ 06 - 10 ininh chirnti cho nhan thuc ndi tren DIA LY 15U:N VA HAI DAO VILT NAM Hoi Dni^lv Viel Nani Hfii Djd IS \ii Tai nguvcn Miii truong Thiia ThiCn i l u Quy trinh cdng nghe dir bdo tugng thuy van yd ddng lice bicn han ngdn phuc vii phat Irien kinh le bien vd an ninh quae phdiig cua PGS IS .Xguyen \hnh Hiiun Cdng nghe du bao K I T V bicn han ni^7;KT^t o t « u i q« dv w.,1 r~i»a,c)>ucM.*c*= >«'""; I ng^n dam biio an loan cho ciic hoat I khl ,^BIoinciuCfE.SHE | \ dy ba-h.i in lo^n cia ^ ^ — ] dgng kmh l l quiic phong ircn bien \.i cung cip ihdng tin dir lieu cho cac hiii loiin du hiio bicn khac cd lien quan liin i kicni cuu nan, lan lru\cn nhiem lurdc dang lii niiicm vu cap ihiel, De tai KC 09 - 16/06-10 Nguvcn " " " • • Minh lliiiin chii tri da hoiiii linen \ a dc \uiil diroe mgt qu> irinh cdng nghe du i biio han ngan triuTng ciic \ c i i to K i' hicn (nhiii dg \;i lip suat quyC-n mira gin), truimg ciic yen to ddng luc biOn (.sdng di>ng chay, nude diing) \;i ti |i liiidng cac yen to tluiy van bien (nhiel I,'J f.° U do, iiiiioi nuo'j bicn) (hinh 1) Qu) J J is trinh dugc trien khai ui ddng lien hoim Iicn lie iliong bo niiiv linh song song \.i he ihimg hru trir ihiing tin kCi hop 1 ••""-»";•'-'-" \ o i cac md hinh so iri hien diii du biio thai n i l khu MIC ( I I R M M M S W K I KA^1S) Cling e.ic md hinh sii du hiio IV bicn(MDr.C 3D R O M ) \ i i L a c mii hinh so du biio >-diig lurdc siiii sony Ifiiih lie ihdng nghiep // lien huau du bdo han nude nong ( \ V \ \ L ^ \ V \ \ ' S W W l \ V \ ! M - ; D ) \ d i chinh xac can Ihiel diim bao an loim cac hoal ddng K I QP tren cac \iing bii;n Vict Nan -7-^—7- ^ • II " r ^ c ^ * 11 - "' * ^=^^^ L —»• V ^ "¥ Dii> cimg 111 quy Uinh cdng nglie dtr bao bicn dan lien d Vicl Nam diip img )'cu ciiu du biio nghiep \ u Hicn tai llidng tin du bao tugng thiiy van va dgng luc bicn dugc pliiil bao hang tren mang Intcrnci dia chi w w w d u b a o b i c n - V n cimg vdi vice cung cap sd lieu du biio He thdng dir bao l u ddng da tiep can cdng nghe lien lien ciia the gidi, lao ca sd khoa hoc cho phiit trien nghicn ciru img dung da muc lieu Do cac hoal dgng hang hiii, danh bat hai san kicni soiit bien, luon phu thugc \ lio Ciic thong lin dir biio KTTV bicn Kcl quii nghicn ciru ciia Nguyen Minh I liiiin da dam biu) day di \ i i kiplhdi Ciic ihdng lin dubao Quy Irinh cdng nghe du bdo ngir trmmg phuc vu khai thdc hai sdn xa hd cita PCS TS Docm Vdn Bd Nhu ciiu cang cao Irong khai thac xa bd \ : eac thdng lin cap nhat v l ngu trudng va du biio cac khu vuc tap irung dan ea khai Ihac Ircn ngu truimg, dap irng yen cau d i l u hanh ihdi gian khai thiic vii cong nghe khai ihac hap ly tiet kicni chi phi va liieu qua kinh te cao Thuc su lii thiich thirc ddi voi khoa hgc nghe ca, ciing la triin trd ciia nhirng nha khoa hgc va quan ly cac ITnh vuc lien quan den khoa hoc bien, Cac ket cjua nghien ciru irng dung md hinh du bao ngu iruong khai ihac xa bd da dirge nghicn ciru va phat Irien theo dinh hudng ticp can moi quan he "ngu trudng-sinh hgc-indi irudng" da "5n k i t Hdi nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Toan qudc Idn thir Thdnh phd Hui 9/2012 Hoi Dja ty va Tai nguyen IMOi iruiing Thiia Thien Hue Hoi Dill l> Viil Niiiii mgt each logic va cd ca sd khoa hgc cac mdi quan he giua ngu Irudng \ i ciic diic trung sinh hoc smh thai cua ciic ddi lugng cii khai thac va cac ciiu tnic vira va nhd ciia cac yeu lo moi irudng bicn co' ban Ket qua du bao va tinh loan cac dac trung can tnic ciia cac Irirdng thiiy van bicn v;i cac ylii Id sinh hoc biin da dugc ung dgng co hieu qua, cung cap cae dir lieu dSu vao cho mo hinh dir bao ngu truimg (hinh 2) Mo hinh va quy trinh cdng nghe du bao ngu trudng xa bd cho Ciie n g h i cau vang ludi re vii ludi vay vdi cac ddi tugng khai thac ca ngir dai duong d vimg bien xa bd miln rrung va giua Bicn Dong da Iirng budc dugc hoim thien \ a duoc kiem chimg ihue t l dat kit quii lot Cac b;in d^r bao ngu trirdng xa bd da cung cap thong tin hmi ich cho ngu diin cac linh Binh Dinh Phti Yen Khanh 116a Mi ca sd khoa hoc lin cay cho cong lac quan ly nghe ca, lap ke hoach chii dgng khai Ihac hai siiii xa bo theo miia vu Diiy la mo hinh va quy trinh du bao ngu tririing xa bd lien tiin nhiit d Vict Nam cho din thdi diem hien tai !» l.KOI>irl„wtltin iisliiem Till"- liifii U-[ 1)11 1^ ll '••A klUII II.I lllf .ir< .'iii (tii, so lii^ii) hp liLi-ii kH qii.il.lfin i-|llll