Dang Xuan Thuong vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 132(02): 129-134 M O P H O N G M i r c DO NHIEM M O I TRU'OfNG NU*6fC BIEN KHU VU'C VEN BIEN P H i r d N G BAI CHAY, THANH P H O HA LONG, T I N H QUANG NINH D3ng XuSn Thiro-ng', Bam Thj H^nh', D6 Van Hai^ Hodng VSn Hung^' ' Trudng Dgi hoc Nong Idm - DM Thdi Ngu 'Trudng Cao ddng Cgng ddng Lao C TOM T A T Nuac ta co viing biin r6ng han ba lin dien tich dit liin, la noi co nguon tai nguygn sinh vat vo ciing quy gid dong vai tro het siic quan doi vdi su ton tai va phat trien ciia dat nuac Tuy nhien, nhiing ndm gan ddy moi trudng nude viing ven bien phai doi mdt vdi tinh trang nhilm, dd anb hudng Idn tdi su phdt triln bin vimg ciia dit nude Bd biin vjnh Ha Long - Bai Chdy la trung tam luu trii vd cac djch vu ven bd vdi quy mo quoc te, nhilm m6i trudng nude bien da trd nen ngdy cdng nghiem trgng Nghien cim yeu to anh hudng dgn chdt lugng nude bien vd mo phong mirc nhilm tai khu vuc ven bd phuong Bdi Chay, Ha Long c6 :? nghTa quan trgng cho cong tdc quan ly moi trudng vd 1dm co sd cho sir phat trien du lich - dich vu Ket qua nghien ciiu da xac djnh dugc mgt so yeu to dnh huong tdi moi trudng nude va md phdng su lan truygn nhilm tii cac diim quan trie TCr kh6a: Yiu td dnh hudng, Mdi trudngven bien, nude biin, Bai Chdy, Hg Long DAT VAN DE nhiem bien la hien tugng lam biin ddi, xao trpn cac phan hda hgc cua nude bign gay dg cac hoat ddng cua ngudi nhu van tai bien hoac cac ngudn nhidm phat sinh tii dat lign anh hudng true tiep tdi ddi song cua cac loai sinh vat dudi bign va tac dgng xiu dgn su tang trudng va phat trign cua chung Bign va ven bign la noi nhiiu nganh kinh te cimg khai thac, nhieu thi, du lich va giai tri ven bign ke ca thg thao ciing anh hudng tdi da dang sinh hgc bien (Lg.V.khoa) Nam viing du lich - thuong mai cua vinh Ha Long, Bai Chay la trung tam luu trii va cac dich vu ven bd vdi quy md quoc ti vdi rit nhigu loai hinh khac nhau, van de d nhigm mdi trudng nude bien trd nen cang nghigm trgng, gay anh hudng din sir phat triin kinh te ciing nhu canh quan viing du lich Nghien ciiu tien hanh xac dinh mgt sd ygu td anh hudng den chat luang nude bign va md phdng mirc dp lan truygn d nhigm tai khu vuc nghign ciiu va dg xuat bien phap cai thien chit lugng nude, bao ve moi trudng vjnh Ha Long theo hudng phat trien bin virng VAT LIEU, PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CUtl Vat lieu nghien cuu - Ban dd nen Bai Chay va cac tai lieu quan trac lien quan; - Phieu dieu tra ve mot s6 ygu td anh hudng dgn chat lugng nude bien; - Phin mim PRIMER version 5.0 va ArcGIS version 10.1 PhuoTig phap nghien cuu - Phuang phdp thu thdp so lieu vd tdi lieu sa cdp: Thu thap thdng tin dir lieu khdng gian va dir lieu thudc tinh vi cac mat digu kien tu nhign - kinh te xa hdi, cac sd lieu hien trang quan trac va van ban phap luat, cac dinh hudng quy hoach cua dia ban nghign ciiu Kgt hgp phuong phap diiu tra, phdng vin va diiu tra thuc dia dg thu thap day dii thdng tin bign dgng tren thuc dia - Phucmg phdp tong hap vd xir ly so lieu: Bao gdm xu ly sd lieu trgn phan mim Excel va xir ly sd lieu dieu tra tren phan mgm chuyen dung PRIMER 5.0 Cac sd lieu khac de kit ndi duoc trgn ArcGIS 10.1 cin xay dung theo cac trudng thudc tinh va cd trudng thugc tinh lam chia khda de ndi dii lieu khdng gian va giira lieu thugc tinh * Tel 0989 372386 Email hvbungin74@yahoo com 129 Dang Xudn Thudng vd Dtg 132(02): 129-134 Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE - Phutmg phdp diiu tra thuc dia: Khao sat thuc dia vi dac diim dia hinh khu virc nghign ciiu va dieu tra vg cac ngudn thai khu vuc nghien ciiu - Phuang phdp bdn dd: Tdng hgp cac dif lieu thu thap duoc va td chiic theo cac trudng cu thi: ID, pH, mudi, due, diu ma, TSS, amoni, Fe v.v su dung Kriging Arcgis md phdng lan truyen d nhigm Hien trang moi trirdng nude ven hien p h u ^ g Bai Chay nam 2014 Tai khu vuc phudng Bai Chay tign hanh quan trie tai diem Dudi day la vj tri cua diim quan trie: Diem Dl (Bgn tau du lich Bai chay: 107° 1'48.43"E va 20°56'37.65"N); diem D2 (Bai tim Bai Chay: 107° 2'5].44"E va 20°57'5.11"N); diim D3 (GiiJa ciu Bai Chay: 107° 3'58.17"E va 20°57'32.99"N); diim D4 (Cang B12: 107° 3'46.76"E va 20''57'5I.70"N); diim D5 (Cang Cai Lan: 107° 3'20.37"E va 20°58'27.50"N), KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ Bang 1: Ket qud quan trdc tgi khu vuc TT S ( 10 11 ThBng s6 P" D9 muoi D9diic Dau md' TSS Amdni Fe Mn DO BODS Conform Vi tri quan trie BoTi vi - (%.) NTU mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 (mg/l) (mg/l) (MNP/100ml) Bai Chdy, thdnh phd Hg Long 2014 Dl 8,19 25 13,1 0,87 20 0,17 0,1 0,07 6,58 1,9 150 D2 7,09 30 24 0,036 21 0,12 0,07 0,09 6,55 0,8 90 D3 8,18 30.2 20,1 0,322 16 0,11 0,08 0,13 6,9 0,6 20 D4 7,98 27.1 24,05 0,8 18 0,145 0,09 0,1 6,9 1.35 135 D5 7,78 24 28 0,405 20 0,18 0,1 0,07 6,9 2,1 250 QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT C i e noi khac Bai tam 6,5-8,5 6,5-8,5 - 0,1 50 0,1 0,1 0,1 >4 - 1000 0,2 50 0,3 0,3 0,1 1000 So sanh cac chi tieu quan trac Tdng hgp ket qua phan tich cua cac nam 2011, 2012, 2013, va quy I - 2014 cho thay 11 chi tieu quan trie eg su bien ddng qua cac nam rat khac Trong dd chu y nhit la sir biin dpng ve diu md, amoni tang len dang ke va gip nhigu lin so vdi tieu chuan cho phep STT 10 11 Ten chi tieu pH D9 muoi TSS DSumS Amoni Zn Fe Mn Conform DO BOD5 Don vj (%.) mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/lOOmI mg/l mfi/1 2011 8.15 25.7 35.07 0,018 0.095 0.037 0.093 0.072 103 6.24 8.4 K i t q ua p h a n tich 2012 2013 Quy 1-2014 8.11 8.18 8.05 27.4 30.1 30.4 30 20 18 0.871 0.704 0,81 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.035 0.035 0.032 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.087 0.087 154 150 150 6.64 6.55 6.64 2.88 1.9 4.03 Mot so yeu to anh den chat lugng moi truong nude biin khu virc phuang Bai Chay Tong hgp 100 phieu dieu tra bao g6m: 40 philu di6u tra vS ddi tugng Idiich du lich, 40 phieu 46i tugng nguoi dan dja phuong, 20 phi6u d6i tugng quan ly Ti6n hanh x i ly so lieu va dung Primer phan tich dQ lieu ta thu dugc ket qua sau; 130 Dang Xuan Thudng vo Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Bieu 01: Mdi quan hi giiia cdc yiu td dnh hudng din nhiem nude bien khu vw-c nghien cuu (MDS) Bieu dd tren ndi len ty le ddng dang ciia mdt sd ygu td anh hudng dgn chat lugng nude bien qua diiu tra nhdm ddi tugng khach du Ijch tai khu vuc nghign ciiu cho thay he sd tuong ddng cua cac ygu td bien dgng tu 83100% (similarity) Trong cao nhat la ygu td ddng gdp tai chinh va xu ly nude thai cd h? so tuang dong dat 99 % 132(02): 129-134 cac yiu td cd mdi quan he khang kbit, anh hudng qua lai lan Dac biet cac ygu td tren rit cd y nghTa, digu dugc the hien tren bieu dd 03 cac ygu td cd xu hudng gan va hudng gin vao vi tri ciia gia tri Tir thuc tiln qua trinh diiu tra va theo nhieu ngudi dSn tren dia ban, sd di d nhiem diu va rac nhu hien la chinh quygn da cap phep cho qua nhigu tau du lich hoat dgng, kha nang thu gom, xu ly diu thai, chit thai cCia cac tau khdng dam bao Ben canh khach du lich va ngudi dan cd y thiic kem viit rac biia bai Vi vay de bao ve mdi trudng dugc tdt ban can cd sir tham gia, ddng gdp cua ngudi dan, y thiic khach du lich va cdng tac quan ly tdt di san Chinh vi vay, dg cai thien va dam bao mdi trudng viing nude ven bign sach dep, dam bag he sinh thai thiiy sinh phat trien bgn virng, can phai cd nhirng bien phap thiet thuc tac dpng vao mot sd yeu td quan trpng cd anh hudng Idn so cac ygu td digu tra trgn Md phong sir lan truyen nhiem tu cac diem quan trac Qua qua trinh digu tra phan tich ta xac dinh dugc mdt sd ygu td quan trpng anh hudng tdi d nhiem ciia viing bien ven bd phudng Bai Chay Tii ket qua thu dugc ciia diim quan trie, tign hanh xay dung ban lan truygn d nhigm SAN 06 VI r d QUAN TRAC VEN BIEN PHUONG BAI CHAY Bilu 6b 02: Mdi quan hi giiia cdc yeu to dnh hudng din d nhiem nude bien (PCA) Qua biiu trgn cho thay yeu to trinh dp, nghi nghiep va gidi ti'nh ciia khach du Hch rat it anh hudng tdi su danh gia cac yiu td d nhiem Vi ddi tuang dieu tra mang ti'nh chat khach quan, nhirng cau tra Idi ciia cac ddi tugng thudng dung vdi cam nhan, hg cd nhung hiiu biet nhat dinh ve van de d nhigm nude viing ven bign Tu bigu dd 02 cho thiy Hinh 01: Vi tri diem quan trdc tren viing biin phudng BSi Chdy 131 Dang Xuan Thucmg vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 132(02): 129-134 Kit hop vdi sd lieu thudc tinh cho cac diim quan fric, ta xay dung dugc ban dd sir lan truyin diu md nhu sau: BAN 0 MO PHONG LAN T R U Y E N DAU MO VEN B I £ N PhUONG BAI C H A Y Hinh 02: Bdn su lan truyin d nhiim ddu md Tdng hgp cac chi tigu ta xay dung dugc ban dd tdng hgp cac chi tigu phan tich nhu hinh 03: B A N B O M O P H O N G CAC CHl Tieu QUAN T R A C VEN B | £ N PHU-aNG B A I CHAY ThSnh ph6 Ha Long Tinh Quang Ninh Hinh 03: Md hinh tdng hap cud cdc chi tieu d nhiim Cac giai phap giam thieu nhiim Nhdm gidi phdp quan ly - Giam sat nghigm ngat ddi vdi cac du an lan bign - Tang cudng lire lugng kigm tra kiim soat, xu ly nghigm nh&ng trudng hgp vi pham cac quy djnh ve quan ly, bao ve Vinh Ha Long D5ng Xuan Thudng vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE - Phat trign tdt mdi quan be va tranh thu sir hd trg cua van phdng UNESCO tai Ha Ndi, Td chiic bao tdn thign nhien quoc ti (lUCN), Td chiic bao ton ddng thuc vEit quoc te (FFI) Nhom gidi phdp quan ly - Giam sat nghiem ngat ddi vdi viec thuc hien diing cac giai phap bao ve mdi trudng da cam ket 132(02): 129-134 - Xac dinh dugc hien trang chat lugng nude biin va cac ngudn thai khu vuc phudng Bai ndi rigng va Vinh Ha Long ndi chung So sanh su d nhigm qua cac nam de thay dugc diin biin chat lugng nude va anh hudng cua cac ngudn thai din chit lugng nude bien va canh quan khu vuc nghien ciiu - Tang cudng giao luu hgp tac vdi cac td chiic, trudng D^i hgc, Vien nghien ciiu nude va qudc tg, khu Di san thign nhign the gidi va chuyen gia de trag doi, hgc bdi kinh nghiem khoa hgc tien tign cho quan ly Di san Nhdm gidi phdp ky thudt vd gidm sdt chdt luang moi truong Tu kgt qua dieu tra phdng van tdng hgp, phan tich mdt sd cac ygu anh hudng tdi mdi trudng nude ven bien Dieu tra 100 phieu cau hdi tap trung vao nhdm ddi tugng dd la nhdm cac nha quan ly khu vyc nghign cii'u, ngudi dan dia phuong va khach du Ijch Bd phieu digu tra giiip nhan dinh dugc mot sd ygu td mang tinh chit cam quan anh hudng den chat lugng nude bign ven bd dd la: vg hien trang chat lugng nude, cac loai chit thai, cac ngudn thai vao khu vuc va cdng tac quan ly trgn dia ban phudng Bai Chay Tir danh gia dugc cac ygu td gay d nhiem va dua bien phap dg khac phuc tinh trang d nhigm dd - Diu tu thu nghiem he thdng nha ndi xi mang ludi thep va nha noi vdi be ndi la nhua plastic dg khac phuc tinh trang d nhigm mdi trudng phao xdp Xay dung dugc ban dd cac chi tigu gay anh hudng dgn chat luang nude va md phdng dugc sir lan truygn d nhigm tai cac digm quan trac Kien nghi - Ung dung he thdng Biofast de xii ly cho cac nha ve sinh tai cac diem tham quan Dg cd ket qua nghien ciiu mdi trudng nude viing ven bd bien sSu sac hon, cd ti'nh tiing dung cao ban thuc tign cin: - Dao tao, tap huan, nang cao nang lire va nhan thiic cho can bd, nhan vign Ban quan ly Vinh vi bao tdn di san va trach nhiem tham gia bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai, cac boat dgng phat trign du lich ben vung - Xay dung phuong an thu gom chat thai sinh boat ciia ngudi dan va phuong an thu gom, xd ly chat thai sinh boat ngudi va ddi vdi cac tau du lich - Xay dung mang ludi diim quan trie mdi trudng nude Da dang sinh hpc, tram tich, phat bign-sdm cac d nhilm mdi trudng, cac diem gay d nhigm va kign nghi xu ly - Lign tuc diu tu, nSng cap trang thiit bi, nhan luc de td chiic thu gom rac thai tai nhiJng diim du Ijch trgn Vinh, tai cac lang chai ndi va khu vuc dai ven bd Vinh - Thuc hien cac phuang phap ly hgc, hda hgc, sinh hgc xii ly nude thai trudc xa thai KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Kit luan Qua qua trinh nghien ciiu da dat dugc ket qua sau: - Hgp tac chat che vdi cac chuygn gia, vien nghien ciiu va ngoai nude, co quan, ban nganh dia phuang lign quan quan ly Vjnh Ha Long dg cd ngudn thdng tin dir lieu sd lieu cap nhat mdi nhat - Nghign cuu bd sung them cac ygu td anh hudng tdi mdi trudng nude biin vao bg phiiu cau hdi phdng van, ddng thdi digu tra tren dien rgng de ket qua cd tinh khac quan hon - Tang cudng cdng tac nghien ciiu kit hgp ling dung cdng nghe va cdng tac nghign cuu de cd dugc hieu qua nghien ciiu cao hon TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Michael Dennis, K Wayne Forsythe, Cameron Hare, and Adrian Gawedzki (2012), Kriging Great Lakes Sediment Contamination Values 133 Bang Xuan Thuong m Big Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 132(02): 129-134 Michael A Mallin, Kathleen E WiUian^s, E ^ ^ l ^ J T ^ ) ^ ^ ^ Cartier Esham, and R Patrick Lowe (2000) Effect p a i i,„c Xay dung Ha Npi of human d^elopmenl 4, QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT (2008), Quy chuin ky thudt qudc gia vi chdt luang nude bien ven bd ^ ^^ '^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^hvdmg Bai Chay, thinh phd quality „, coastal on bacteriological watersheds water Ecological Applications 10:1047-1056 ^ ^ T S , Ha Long (2013) Bdo ado hiin trgng mdi trudng SUMMARY STUDY OF SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE SEA OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY COASTAL AREAS BAI CHAY WARD, HA LONG CITY IN QUANG NINH PROVICE Dang Xuan Thuong', Dam Thi Hanh', Do Van Hai^, Hoang Van Hung'' 'College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU ^ Lao Cai Community College The sea area of Vietnam occupy three times of total land area, it has precious creatures resource that play an important role for the existence and development of the country However, the coastal water environment faces serious pollution and influence on the economic and social development of the country in recent years In the reality Ha Long Bay, Bai Chay - residence center and services with an intemational scale, the issue of sea pollution has become more serious Facing the practical requirements, study of factors affecting water quality in Bai Chay Ward, Ha Long City, Quang Ninh Province has important meaning for the management of the environment and has basis for tourism development Study of factors through main groups' factors (resident, tourists and management in that place) found that there are special link each other between these three groups Simultaneously, emulating the spread of pollution from monitoring points helps us recognize the visual pollution of coastal water Thereby, People have solution to improve water quality that protect environment of a region of Tourism and Trading in Halong Bay Keywords • Impact factor, environment coastal sea -water Bay Chay - Ha Long Ngdy nhdn bdi:30/10/2014; Ngayphdn biin: 15/11/2014; Ngdy duyet dang- 05/3/2015 Phdn bien khoa hpc: TS Nguyin Thanh Hdi ~ Trudng Dgi hoc Ndng Lam - DHTN Tel 0989372386 Email hvhungtn74@yghoo.com 134 ... Phutmg phdp diiu tra thuc dia: Khao sat thuc dia vi dac diim dia hinh khu virc nghign ciiu va dieu tra vg cac ngudn thai khu vuc nghien ciiu - Phuang phdp bdn dd: Tdng hgp cac dif lieu thu thap... dung Kriging Arcgis md phdng lan truyen d nhigm Hien trang moi trirdng nude ven hien p h u ^ g Bai Chay nam 2014 Tai khu vuc phudng Bai Chay tign hanh quan trie tai diem Dudi day la vj tri cua... nhiem nude bien khu vw-c nghien cuu (MDS) Bieu dd tren ndi len ty le ddng dang ciia mdt sd ygu td anh hudng dgn chat lugng nude bien qua diiu tra nhdm ddi tugng khach du Ijch tai khu vuc nghign