Hgi thao khoa hpc - Hpp tac Ou6c tg digu ua, nghign cim tai nguvgn va mgi trudng bign A REVIEW ON THE PROGRESS OF HAB STUDY IN VIETNAM SINCE 2001 TO 2010 THROUGH JSPS COOPERATION Dao Viet Ha Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam 01 Cau Da street-Nha Trang city - Vietnam Tel 84 58 3590218: Mobi: 84 935902345 Email: tmmp_ynocean@dng.vnn.vn; dvhgio@yahoo.com Abstract: The first cooperative research under the JSPS Multilateral Program between Japanese and Vietnamese scientists was conducted al the Haiphong Branch of Institute of Oceanography (currently named as Institute of Marine Environment and Resources) on microagal composition and toxin level in shellfish in northern Vietnam After then various study topics such as classification of potentially HAB species, toxin accumulation in marine organisms, and toxin productivity in the HAB species found in Vietnamese waters have been carried out Especially a study on accumulation mechanism of domoic acid, causative toxin for amnesic shellfish poisoning, in bivalve and its origin was intensively conducted at Nha Phu Bay, Khanh Hoa Province, central Vietnam.Although the research started with various difficulties in available facilities, budgets and human resources, Vietnamese scientists could develop capacity for HAB study both at country and regional levels through the cooperative activities Results of the study were presented at inlemational meetings, workshops and published in intemational and national journals Twelve international and 22 national papers were published based on JSPSVAST collaborative researches during 10 years (2001-2010) Keywords: Harmful algal blooms, Vietnam, toxins, shellfish poisoning, Introduction One major category of harm from HABs is caused by shellfish poisoning in human The shellfish such as clams, mussels, oysters, or scallops are feeding on toxic plankton The toxins have no effect on shellfish but they accumulate in shellfish to levels that are potentially letaal to human or other consumers, cause illness in people and other mammals eating the shellfish Food poisoning due to consumption of toxic bivalve is a global problem of public health and fishery industry In Vietnam, Harmful algal blooms (HABs) event was tae first reported in 1990 (Lam and Hai, 1994) in Khanh Hoa Province Then, this phenomenon has been reported in several coastal areas, continuously Causative species of HABs in Vietnamese waters are almost harmful species such as Nociiluca scintillans Dao Viet Ha Phaeocystis globosa, Ceratium furca, while only o n e b l o o m of toxic specie, (Lyng^a majuseula) was found These b l o o m s caused n m n e r o u s dead of the higi, commercial value species Oobsters, groupers) m manncultiire and ecologies, damages Recentiy, economic development and fast ^ o w m g population i, Vietaam have been exaggerating tiie d e m a n d s for seafood With this everincreasing demand, occurrences of H A B s h a v e b e e n b r o u g h t to tae attention of fc general public from time to time Almost all Wooms are reported as harmful due to serious economic loss in aquaculhure and environmental ecological damages National monitoring system on coastal water quality and toxms m shellfish products for export w a s established to reduce negative unpa c ts from HABs Also, scientific researches on H A B s have been carried out intensively, not only national but also intemational frameworks, ta the scope of taese projects, presence and distiibution of harmfril and potentially toxic microalgae in Vietaamese waters was mainly focused H A B related activities in Vietnam Before 1995, several cases of water discoloration w i t a numerous deaths of marine organisms were reported in V i e t a a m coastal waters However, no scientific study on tae phenomena including causative species and toxins had been d o n e Since 1995, as HABs have been occurred continuously in country coastal waters (Fig and Fig 2), Vietnamese government set the following monitoring systems and scientific projects: « .iii>»)BB!~~ " - '7 a -5_ j ; •" •""• Monitoring systems In 1995, a monitoring system for coastal water envhonment belonging to National Environmental monitoring network m a n a g e d b y Mniistry of Environment and Resources (MONRE) had been established, in w h i c h the phytoplankton and potentially harmful microalgae species h a d been targeted Also, a monitonng system for shellfish safety insurance focusing on the shellfish cultivated grounds for exploiting has been managed by National Agro-Forestry-Fisheries Quality Assurance Department ( N A F I Q A V E D ) , Ministry of Agricultiore and Rural Development National/Admistrational projects 1) 2002 - 2003, the project "Study on harmfiil microalgae in three areas fw clam culturing in Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Thanh Hoa" was implemented by Research Institute of Marine Fisheries ( R I M F ) , Ministry of Fishery (led by Dr Nguyen Van Nguyen) Dao Viet K« ^ Hoi thao khoa hpc - Hop tac Qu6c tg uong digu ua nghign cuu tai nguygn va moi tiuong bign 2) 2003-2004, the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) project "The toxic algae in the concentrated cultivation areas of Viet Nam and propose some prevention methods" was conducted by Institute of Environmental Technology 3) 2004-2005, the national project belonging to program on basic survey and study for applying marine technology "Surveying, studying on toxic and harmful microalgae in mme concentrated fisheries cultivated areas, propose the solution for preventing, mitigating their harmful effects" (coded KC-09-19) conducted by Institute of Environment and Resources (IMER) (led by Dr Chu Van Thuoc) 4) 2007-2009, the national project "Study on the red tide arising process and the ecology, development of harmful microalgae in some typical coastal areas and their effects on the fisheries resources" (coded KC09.03/06-10) conducted by Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang (led by Dr Nguyen Ngoc Lam) 5) 2003-2005, the environmental protection task managed by the Institute of Environmental Technology (lET), VAST on "Surveying and finding the toxic microalgae in main walerbodies in Ha Noi and some northern provinces as the basis for establishing Ihe biological parameters in water quality monitoring" 6) 2008-2009, the VAST's project "Study on toxic microalgae belonging to I Cyanobacleria in Dau Tieng and Tri An water reservoirs" conducted by Institute of Tropical Biology (1TB), VAST However, in comparing with the works had been done in the marine waters, the research results on harmful microalgae in fresh water have been still limited International levels During ten years (1998-2008), tae cooperative project between Vietnam and Denmark named "A baseline study on marine harmful microalgae to protect living resources" supported by DANIDA was carried out This project.was not only the first study on harmful microalgae in Vietnam but also building research capacity such as training Vietnamsese researchers at different levels (Msc, PhD., training ( courses etc.) and upgrading the laboratory facilities (microscopes, water samplers, plankton nets, books etc.) for the participating institutions The important output of ( this project is a bilingual guide book titied "Identification of microalgae in Vietnam and their effects" (edited by Larsen and Nguyen, 2004) f In the scale of above-mentioned projects, the presence and distribution of harmful or potential toxic microphytoplankton in Vietnamese waters was mainly focused In addition, there were some studies on the effect of several environmental factors (temperature, salinity, light intensity and nutrients) on the growth of harmful marine species Contribution of the "Coastal IMarine Science" project on HAB study Main activities: Ddo Viet Ha 'ork.shoo: ••hitemational rnopeiation on hivestigation and Research of Marine Naniral Kesouice and E n v r o n ^ - ^ Fig 3: Sampling at Nha Phu Bay, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietoam Fig 4: Working in a laboratory Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam In the framework of tae O R I / H A B project belonging to tae J S P S Multilateral Core University Program on "Coastal Marine Science", tae first workshop on HABs between Japan (led by Prof Dr Yasuo Fukuyo) and V i e t a a m (led b y Dr Nguyen Chu Hoi the director of Institute of Oceanography, H a i p h o n g branch) was held in March, 2001 in the Miiiistiy of Fisheries, H a Noi, Vietaam Based on exchanged information during the workshop, I M E R (formed n a m e is Institute of Oceanography, Haiphong branch) was decided as a focus point on the collaborative study on HABs In tae context of this collaboration, tae fu^t smdy of the phytoplankton composition and toxin accumulated in a bivalve in Do Son and Cat Ba, Haiphong was carried out in 2002-2004 (led b y Dr Chu Van Thuoc, IMER) However, no study on toxin chemistry was done in V i e t a a m , because of lacking facilities, experts, laboratory and human trainings There was few data on microalgal toxin by sending samples to Germany, Japan to analyze (Nguyen-Ngoc L., 2004), Alexandrium minulum (Lim et al, 2006), Gambierdiscus loxicus (Karin et al, 2009) Under this situation, Kotaki et al (2000) found a common DA producing diatom species A^ navis-varingica for tae first time from a siirimp pond in Do Son, Hai Phong Province, Vietaam, and then reported its wide distribution in westem Pacific (Kotaki, 2008) On taer other hand, Takata (2009) found that there was a significant of D A in a bivalve Spondylus collected from various tropical countries including Vietaam Therefore, during 2004-2010, a cored project on natural toxins by Vietaamese in tastitute of Oceanography (led by Dr Dao Viet Ha, Institute of Oceanography) and Japanese (Fig and Fig 4) We anticipate the occurrence of harmfiil plankton and' toxin contamination in shellfish in Nha Phu Bay, Khanh Hoa Province, w h e r e Institate of Oceanography is located A cooperative field survey to monitor the occurrence and to analyze the mechanisms was made, having a visit of Japanese scientists to Vietnam in 20052007 Similar field and Laboratory activities will b e m a d e in 2008-2010 also, depending on occurrences of harmfiil events Results of the cooperative study have been presented at intemational meetings and in intemational journals All participants have enough experience for the study and fiiiitful achievement was well expected Achievements: Within 10 years of cooperation between Japan and Vietnam under JSPS, 12 intemational and 22 national papers were published during 2001-2010 Among of taem, there are five major scientific findings such as 1- D A producer, W i C s * 282 Dao Viet H» HQi thao khoa hoc - Hop tac Qudc tg digu tra nghign ciru tai nguven va moi tiuong bign navis-vanginica from Do Son (Kotaki, et al, 2000); 2- Confirmation of DA in a bivalve Spondylus versicolor (referred as S cruentus) in Nha Trang Bay (Dao et al, 2006); 3- Toxic Aleexandirum minitum with new goyautoxin analogue (Lim et al, 2007); 4- Seasonal variation of DA in a bivalve Spondylus versicolor in association with that in plankton samples in Nha Phu Bay (Dao el al, 2009a); 5- Pseudonilszchig caciantha, a possible DA producer in Nha Phu Bay (Dao el al, 2009b) On the other hand, by taking advantage of scientific cooperation, three excellent Vietnamese scientists were educated in Ph.D level (Chu Van Thuoc, Nguyen Van Nguyen and Dao Viet Ha), whom are key persons in on the study on HABs and marine toxins not only in Vietnam but also in regional and intemational levels Also, one Vietnamese scientist was strongly supported through Vietnam and Japan cooperation in this duration Moreover, with capacity strengthening, it is the first time that Vietnamese can success to establishment of new lOC/WESPAC project (2010-2015) "Enhance the awareness on seafood safety" (by Dr Dao Viet Ha) List of publications related to JSPS-HAB cooperation International: Dao Viet Ha, 2002 The contamination of PSP toxins in some species of bivalve collected in Cam Ranh Bay, Khanh Hoa province In the 5th lOC/WESTPAC conference in Seoul, Korea, 27-31 August 2001 (Published in CD) Dao Viet Ha, Yoshinobu Takata, Ehigeru Sato, Yasuwo Fukuyo and Massaki Kodama, 2006 Domoic acid in a bivalve Spondylus cnienliis in Nha Trang bay, Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam Coastal Marine Science, 30(1), 130- 132 Dao Viet Ha, Yoshinobu Takata, Shigeru Sato, Yasuwo Fukuyo and Masaaki Kodama, 2009 Frequent occurrence of tetrodotoxin - bearing horseshoe crab Carcinoscopius rolundicaiida in Vietnam Fisheries Science, 75, 435-438 Blackwell Publishing DOI10.I007/SI2562-008-004I-5 Dao Viet Ha, Yoshinobu Takata, Takuo Omura, Shigeru Sato, Yasuwo Fukuyo and Masaaki Kodama 2009 Seasonal variation of domoic acid in a bivalve Spondylus versicolor in association with that in plankton samples in Nha Phu Bay, IChanh Hoa, Vietnam Fisheries Science 75, 507-512 Blackwell Publishing DOII0.1007/sI2562008-0041-5 Dao Viet Ha, Yoshinobu Takata, Takuo Omura, Nguyen Tien Dung, Nguyen Thu Hong Shigeru Sato, Yasuwo Fukuyo and Masaaki Kodama, 2009 Domoic acid in small-sized plankton in Nha Phu Bay, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam.La Mer 46(4) 117-120 Kotaki Y Lundholm N., Katayama T., Furio E F., Romero M L., Relox J R., YasumotoT., Naoki H., Hirose M Y., ThanhT D., ThuocC V., Huyen N.T M., Thu P T Takata Y., Kodama M and Fukuyo Y (2006) ASP toxins of pennate diatoms and bacterial effects on the variation in toxin composition Proceedings of Ihe 12th Inlei-nalional Conference on Harmful Algae: 4-8 September 2006, Copenhagen Denmark pp 300-302 Nauven Thi Minh Huyen, Thuoc Chu Van, Ogata Takehiko, Sato Shigeru, Takata Yoshinobu, Kodama Masaaki, Fukuyo Yasuwo (2006) Seasonal variation of paralytic Ddo Viet Hd 283 workshop -Intematio-I rooneiation on Inve^.rinion and Research PI Marine lyaiura, esoun^ano hnv.n,nm^. ^ and amnesic shellfish toxicities in bivalves and microalgae in Haiphong area, Viet Nam, Coaira/iWo™eSci£nce.Vol30(I): 111-115 ,„„,,_, Nguyen Van Nguyen, Dao Viet Ha, Le Thanh Tung (2006) Dinophysis spp recorded i„ ' thi coastal waters of northern Viet Nam during 2002-2003 Coastal Marine Science 30 Yoshinobu Takata, Shigeru Sato, Dao Viet Ha, Ulysses M Montojo, Thailhaworn Lirdwitayaprasit, Somporn Kamolsiripichaiporn, Yuichi Kotaki, Yasuwo Fukuyo and Masaaki Kodama 2009 Occurrence of domoic acid in tropical bivalves Fisheries Science 75,473-480 Blackwell Publishing DOII0.1007/sl2562-008-004I-5 10 Pham Xuan Ky, Dao Viet Ha, Nguyen Tien Dung, Nguyen Thu Hong and Ulysses M Montojo 2009 Domoic acid in plankton and bivalves in Jackson Atoll, South China Sea Conference proceedings in JOMSRE - SCS I-IV 301-314 26-29 March 2008, Ha Long city, Vietnam lSBN-13:978-604-9I3-00I-4 11 Ulysses M Montojo, Valeriano M Borja, Marriam F Cayme & Pham Xuan Ky 2009 The evidence of ciguatera flsh poisoning (CFP) in Jackson Atoll, South China Sea Conference proceedings in JOMSRE - SCS I-IV 315-322 26-29 March 2008, Ha Long city, Vietnam ISBN-13:978-604-9I3-00l-4 12 Lim Po Teen, Shigeru Sato, Chu Van Thuoc, Pham The Thu, Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, Yoshinobu Takata, Makoto Yoshida, Atsushi Kobiyama, Kazuhiko Koike, Takehiko Ogata (2007) Toxic Alexandrium minulum (Dinophyceae) from Viet Nam with new gonyautoxin analogue Harmful Algae 6: 321-331 Domestic: 13 Chu Van Thuoc (2001) Overlooking on situation of the harmful marine microalgae and algal toxins in northern Viet Nam coastal waters Journal of Fisheries (6): 25-27 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 14 Chu Van Thuoc (2001) Data on species composition and distribution of the epiphytic harmful potential microalga living on coral reefs of Haivan- Soncha area (Thua Thien • Hue) Marine Em-ironnieni and Resources, Sc and Tech Publ House Ha Noi, tome VIII: 220-228 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 15 Chu Van Thuoc (2002) Data on the species composition and distribution of harmfiil marine epiphytic microalgae living on coral reefs in the North Viet Nam Journal of Biology 24(2): 22-30 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 16 Chu Van Thuoc (2002) Contribution to the study of potentially harmful dinoflagellates in Thua Thien - Hue coastal waters Marine Environment and Resources Sc and Tech Publ House Ha Noi, tome IX: 149-160 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 17 Chu Van Thuoc, Tran Van Dien (2003) An overview of current activities relating to phytoplankton monitoring in coastal waters of North Viet Nam Workshop on Red Tide Moniloring in ,4sian Coaslal Walers March 10-12, 2003, The Universily of Tokyo Japan, pp 69-73 18 Chu Van Thuoc, Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen (2003) Some data on ecologicil characteristics of harmful microalgae cultured in the laboratory Journal ofBiolosf, Vol 25(2): 44-48 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 19 Chu Van Thuoc, Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, Le Thanh Tung, Ton That Phap, Nguyen Ngoc Lam, Do Thi Bich Loc (2009a) Distribution of harmful potential microalgae in some fishery cuture areas in coastal waters of Viet Nam Proceedings of ihe National Conference on Biology and suislainabie development Hai Phong 28-29th Nov 2009 Natural Sc and Tech Publ House, ISBN 978-604-913-007-06, pp 491-450 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 20 Chu Van Thuoc, Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, Nguyen Thi Thu (2009b) Distribution of marine microalgae with emphasis on harmful species in the high potential area for Dao Viet Ha HoL thao khoa hoc - Hop tac Qu6c tg digu tra n.ghign cCni tai nguygn va m6i uudng bign mariculture in Nghe An - Ha Tinh coastal waters Central Viet Nam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, ISSN 1859-3097, insert (Vol.9/2009): 169-184 21 Dao Viet Ha and Do Tuyet Nga, 2006 The toxicity of goby fish Yongetchlhys nebulosus (Forskal 1775) collected in Khanh Hoa Vietnam Mar Sci Techn., 1, 82 91 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 22 Dao Viet Ha, 2008 Toxicity of fresh water puffers in Vietnam 2008 Vietnam Mar Sci Techn., (3) 72-80 (In Vietaamese with English abstract) 23 Dao Viet Ha 2002 Marine algal toxins and their effects The proceedings of 2nd TMMP workshop Nha Trang 06-09/07/2001 227-232 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 24 Dao Viet Ha, Yoshinobu Takata, Shigem Sato, Yasuwo Fukuyo, Masaaki Kodama 2008 Tetrodotoxin in the horseshoe crab Carcinoscopius rolundicauda from Vietnam The proceedings of "Bien Dong" Conference, Nha Trang, September 2007,195-200 25 Kotaki, Y., K Koike, M Yoshida, C V Thuoc, N T M Huyen, N C Hoi, Y Fukuyo and M Kodama 2000 Domoic acid production in Nitzschia sp (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from a shrimp-culture pond In Do Son, Vietnam J Phycol 36: 1057-1060 26 Nguyen Van Nguyen, Le Thanh Tung and Dao Viet Ha, 2005 Hannful algae in aquaculture area in the northern part of Vietnam J Sci Tech Econ in Fish., No.3 (2005), 32-35 (in Vietnamese, with English abstract) 27 Nguyen Van Nguyen, Dao Viet Ha and Le Thanh Tung, 2005 Harmful algae in selected coastal aquaculture areas in northern Vietnam Bull Fish Res 3, 355-365 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 28.Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, Chu Van Thuoc (2001) Some cuUivation results of the harmful microalgae genus Pseudo-nitzschia in laboratory Marine Environment and Resources, Sc and Tech Publ House Ha Noi tome VIII: 247-259 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 29 Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, Chu Van Thuoc (2002) The monitoring results of harmful potential algae in coastal waters of North Viet Nam in 2001 Marine Environment and Resources, Sc and Tech Publ House Ha Noi, Tome IX: 161-172 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 30 Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, Chu Van Thuoc, Pham The Thu (2008a) Data on the relationship between the concentration of nutrients and the growth of phytoplankton in the Do Son - Cat Ba coastal water area Marine Environment and Resources, Sc and Tech Publ House Ha Noi, tome XIII: 273-283 (in Vietaamese with English abstract) 31.Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, Chu Van Thuoc, T Ogata (2008b) Data on amnesic shellfish poisons (ASP) in bivalves at some aquaculture areas in the northern coastal waters of Viet Nam Journal of Biology, 30(3): 176-181 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 32 Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen, Chu Van Thuoc, Pham The Thu, Le Thanh Tung, Nguyen Ngoc Lam, Ton That Phap, Do Thi Bich Loc (2009) The influence of some environmental factors on harmful - toxic groups Pseudo-nitzschia in some coastal waters of Viet Nam Journal of Marine Science and Technology, ISSN 1859-3097, insert I (Vol.9/2009): 185-198 (in Vietnamese whh English abstract) 33 Pham The Thu, Chu Van Thuoc, Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen (2008) The study on effect of nutrients on development of the harmful microalgae species Pseudo-nilzckia pungens in the laboratory Marine Environment and Resources, Sc and Tech Publ House Ha Noi tome XIII: 258-272 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 34 Pham The Thu, Chu Van Thuoc, Nguyen Thi Minh Huyen (2007) Study on the effect of the light intensity and salinity on development of harmful microalgae Pseudo-nitzschia pungens in the laboratory condition Marine Environment and Resources, Sc and Tech Publ House Ha Noi, tome XII: 265-276 (in Vietnamese with English absfract) Ddo Viet Hd 285 ... Achievements: Within 10 years of cooperation between Japan and Vietnam under JSPS, 12 intemational and 22 national papers were published during 2001- 2010 Among of taem, there are five major scientific findings... collected in Khanh Hoa Vietnam Mar Sci Techn., 1, 82 91 (in Vietnamese with English abstract) 22 Dao Viet Ha, 2008 Toxicity of fresh water puffers in Vietnam 2008 Vietnam Mar Sci Techn., (3) 72-80... Also, one Vietnamese scientist was strongly supported through Vietnam and Japan cooperation in this duration Moreover, with capacity strengthening, it is the first time that Vietnamese can success