Pakhomov V,l vdDlg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 134(04): 105-110 BASIC MEANS OF MECHANIZATION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCING BIOFUEL FROM JATROPHA Pakhomov V.l'", Rykov V.B',Kambulov S.l', Byrko S.l', Hoang Nghia Dat' North-Caucasus research inslitute of mechanization and electrification of agricutlure Russian academy of agricultural sciences 'Don Stale Technical University- Russia SUMMARY This article studied the possibility of using jatrophaculture as a biofuel cropZenograg Russia.Some main agronomic characteristics of jatropha plant - the possibility of using jatropha oil as a basis to become an organic biofuel, the comparative analysis of physical, chemical, fuel characteristics of jatropha oil and diesel fuel and the basic parameters of functioning of diesel engines to biofiiel mixtures based on Jatropha oilwere discussed We have designed a technological of producing biofuelfrom jatropha seeds and its introduction in machinery tractor Keywords: Jatropha culture, organic biofuel, process Ing lechnology.substitulion of diesel fuel BACKGROUND There are many popular crops that producing biodiesel fuels over the world such as rape, soybeans, etc - but most of them require an intensive care and not grow in all areas The presence of relatively cheap raw materials has been the basis for tbe development of biodiesel industry One ofthe perspective crops for biofuel production is jatropha.lt is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Eupborbiaceae.lt contains approximately 170 species of succulent plants, shrubs and trees Jatropha curcasis one of the best candidates for future biodiesel production It is perennial tree or shrub that easily spreads by seeds and propagates by grafts Although it grows well in tropical and subtropical climates, it can be planted throughout the world It is also more commonly known as the perennial tree-weed growing on poor dry soil [1] Nutrient content in soil is not the main factor affecting the productivity of jatropha It can grow on both fertile soils and soils with low humus content Today jatropha is grown in many tropical countries, where tbe amount of annual rainfall is 300-1000 mm and average temperature above 18-2D°C, including India and China with large-scale planting of jatropha (900 000 * Tel- 79281570500 Email- v i.pakhomov%mail-r\ hectares in 2008 with plans for planting at 12.8 million hectares in 2015) In 2015, Vietnam planned to allocate about 300,000 hectares of land for the jatropha cultivation [1] MATERIAL AND METHOD The object of this work is the oil pressed from the Jatropha seeds planted in Phu Tho Vietnam, the nature of the fuel mixture Jatropha oil and diesel, the ability of producing biodiesel from Jatrophaoil in the system JatrophoBIODON-1 and BlOSOIL-200 To achieve the purpose of this work we used analytical methods to determme the quality of fuel Jartopha (GOST 305-82 and GOST R 53605-2009 Russian Federation), methods of empirical research, testing engine is processed bycomputer with software Dasylab 6.0 Results of theoretical and experimental study are compared by the method based on the Buckingham theorems that counts Euler and Reynolds number Figure {.Jatrophaseeds Pakhomov V.l vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Uti.ut^ JVJ - i ãô Jatropha seeds have a high yield of oil, in yield is about tons/ ha, the fifth - tons/ha, comparison with the basic biodiesel crops the sixth - 3.53 tons/ha, the seventh - 43 such as rape and soybean From soybean tons/ha, the eighth-4.53 tons/ha, for the ninth produce oil for biodiesel per hectare nearly year - up to tons / ba [6,7] With good care 400 kg, from rape - ton, from jatropha - bushes give yield up to 6.53 tons/ha Jatropha tons And it does not limit the possible yield bears fruit to 23-30 years The viability of of oil and productivity of jatropha [2,5], The seeds preserves up to 50 years During 20 plant is not fastidious, but easily adaptable In years the plant can be used for commercial the first three years, jatropha does not give a purposes with high productivity (table 1) large amount of yields In the fourth year the Table Oil content and productivity of Jatropha plant and some other oil-yielding crops[6] ^o Plants Oil content{%) Palm (Arecaceae) Philippinecopra Com {Zea mays) Flax (Llnum usltatisslmum) Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) Sunf\owet{Helldnthus annuus) Soy (Glycine max) Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Average oil productivity (ks/ha) 60-65 65-68 4.8 35-42 45-50 35-40 18-20 50 32-40 669 254 230 790 589 319 260 1600 Nowadays, ton of jatropha seed costs $280 in the world market, with oil content in seeds up to 40% Figure shows jatropha oil [1] Analysis ofthe basis physical and chemical parameters of fuels was hold afl;er economic analysis As an analogue diesel fuel of oil origin was selected as the most common fuel for farming machines [4] Comparative analysis of diesel fuel and jatropha oil by tbe main fuel- technological parameters is shown in table Figure Z Jatrophaoil Table Comparison of some characterislics between Jatropha oil and diesel fuel JSs y^ Parameter Density &t 20''C Kinematic viseSsity at 40°C Sulftir content Cetane number Flash point Heat of combustion Parameters kg/mS mm^/s % mm "C Kcal / ka Jatropha oil 0.9180 34 35 0.033 46-52 IOI 9.432 Diesel fuel 0.83-0.86 2-4.5 0.43 46 55 10.478 Pakhomov V.I vd Dig 134(04): 105-110 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Table Summary characteristics of differentmixture Engine powermax l^dmax kW/ rpm~' Type of fuel 13,1/2200 100% Diesel 20% Jatrophaand 12,2/2200 80% Diesel 40% Jatrophaand 11,2/2200 60% Diesel 12,3/2200 100% Jatropha Jatropha oil has 3 % of sulfur, which is much less than that of the diesel fuel, as it reduces harmful emissions Cetane insignificantly differs from number the diesel fliel Flash point is 101°C, so it is higher degree of safety during storage and transportation Heat of combustion of jatropha oil is 10% less, but density is more than 10%, so the heat of combustion by volume is relatively equal with diesel fuel Analysis o f t h e data table (Table 2) shows that jatropha oil is more inferior in viscosity, in flash point than diesel fuel The parameters of jatropha oil can be improved by adding it to the diesel fuel It is necessary to create a mixture of diesel fuel and jatropha oil, which must conform to the requirements for diesel fuel by viscosity, point, sulfur content flash point, cloud and filterability coefficient This mixture can be used as a motor fuel without restrictions and supplementary regulation of engine Tbe test Motor torque max Mj„,g, N-M/rpm'' Separate fuel costs minGdmm (g/kWh)/rpm~' 63,8/1416 298,1/1416 59,8/1464 301,8/1260 58/1338 309,6/1573 63,4/1174 490/1447 But high viscosity of jatropha oil (kinematic viscosity at 40°C is 34.35 mm'^/s) complicates rts use in diesel engines and requires adaptation for the basic constructive parameters o f t h e engine When the temperature of biofuel is rises up to 70-80*'C, its viscosity reduces to values close to tbe viscosity of diesel fuel However, vegetable oils have a lowest heat performance, heat of combustion (7-10%) [3], which reduce engine power, have increased coking, density, flash point The elemental composition of vegetable oils differs from fuel oil by the presence of oxygen (9,6-11,5%) Moreover, not only oils of different plants, but also oils of the same plant species depending on climatic origin, are different These disadvantages are solved in the process of estenfication by transfer of vegetable oils to methyl esters (biodiesel) at figure [8] results of diesel engine at its work by various mixed fuels are presented in table Indicators of using fuel mixture with % jatropha oil and % diesel fuel does not differ Spg-il solulm Omirlmn of significantly from that with 100% diesel fiiel Analyzing generalized characteristics of Mettiylic ether jatropha seed oil allows concluding about the availability of using jatropha as material in technologies to produce i raw Diesel fuel biofuel biofuels technology, Mixer liquid The mixed fuel based on jatropha oil has the following y - advantages: realized simple in tbe enterprise, high storage stability Service slotion producing agricultural Machmey tractor agreggalion Figure Scheme about receipt and use of biofuels Pakhomov V.l vti Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGnL Oils alkylate when they give corresponding acid monoesters Alkylation products are characterized by better low temperature properties and low viscosity Biofuel produced in such way slightly differs from the limit values for the production of oil (hydrocarbon) diesel fuel at the following physic chemical parameters" flash point, density, acid value, opacity temperature, water-soluble acid (characteristic of the aqueous extract, medium pH), kinematic viscosity On such indicators as the filterability coefficient, mass fraction of mechanical impurities and water, tests on a copper plate, biofuel is not inferior, and on mass fraction of sulfur ecological and operational characteristics of biofuel are much better than that of petroleum diesel fuel Modular equipment, which is part of the existing tank farm management and allows to produce biodiesel by using source of local raw materials, is developed to implement this technology in "North-Caucasus research institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture Russian academy of agricultural sciences" The technological process of biofuel production consists of a few steps: the • ; ——f— — Figure Biodiesel production module oil production, biodiesel production, mixed fuel production Module "BIOSOIL-200" (Figure 4) provide^ getting vegetable oil from oilseeds Quality of vegetable oil is guaranteed by using extruders that squeeze oil with cold pressing, allowsaving finished product from the harmful ferments, phosphatides and get vegetable oil in category B1 Biodiesel production is going on vegetable oil processing by esterification in the module "BIODON-I" (Figure 5).The result is a biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) and technical glycerin The module consists of a reactor, washing capacity, capacity for preparing the catalyst solution, mixing apparatus, a condenser for cooling methanol vapor, pumps for giving and circulating reactants in the reactor and delivering finished product, flow meters for controlling process and account of the finished product, the automated control cabinet The equipment IS mounted in a special container with influxand-extract ventilation The resulting biodiesel in their molecular structure is similar to diesel fuel and can be used as an addition in diesel fuels Figure Vegetable oil production module Module of mixed fuel preparation (Figure 6) provides fuel for using in diesel intemal combustion engines It consists of a mixing capacity, hydrodynamic mixer, pumping station, shut-off valves and control cabinet The module provides a mixture of diesel fiiel-biodiesel, diesel fuel - rape seed oil in different percentage correlation Pakhomov V.l vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 134(04)' 105-110 The modularity of tbe developed equipment allows you to dial the necessary processing volumes, increasing the number of installations In this case, the installations can be easily mounted directly close to the raw materials source, which increases the efficiency and autonomy ofthe production Figure 6: Mixed fuel production module Oilseeds (rape, sunflower) enter the module for producing vegetable oil, where the coldpressed is going on the following filtration Tbe finished oil is pumped into a storage tank Then the oil is pumped with necessary extent into the module for the biodiesel production Received biodiesel is filtered and pumped into a holding tank for subsequent use CONCLUSIONS The most effective biodiesel can be used as diesel fuel for ears, tractors and agricultural combines when mixed it with natural mineral diesel fuel in the ratio from 30% to 70% In this case, as investigations have confirmed that all staff working parameters of internal combustion diesel engine are virtually unchanged Biodiesel also can be used as fuel for heat generators, dryers and boilers REFERENCES I Dang Tien Hoa and Bui Hai Trieu, "The results of the initial study on the possibility of using jatropha oil for diesel engines," Science and Development, vol 9, no l,pp 110-119,2011 Rosinformagroleh, "F Bioenergetics' World experience and development forecasts," 2008 Rukov V.B K9.-2-0 (1230152), "Acceptance Testing mixed fuel for diesel engines (diesel fuel biodiesel from vegetable oils) / FGBU." Zemograd, Russia, 2009 Pakhomov, Rukov V.B and Kambulov S 1., "Biofueiproduction in terms of agricultural," Agricultural machinery and technology, pp 1316,2011 Centre for Sustainable Energy Resesrch e.V Analysenbericht Jatrophaoel Labor - Nr 6430, Rostock 13.08 2010 DE Coyle William T The Future of Biofuels: A Global Perspective / Coyle William T // USDA Economic Research Service - 2014 Langevetd, JWA 12 Biofiiel production in China./ Langeveld JWA, Dixon J, van Keulen H //Biofiiel Cropping Systems Carbon, Land and Food.-2014.-p 195 Gromakov AV Improving the efficiency of tractors through the use of biofliels / Gromakov Alexey Vladimirovich // Dissertation- candidate of technical sciences - Zemograd-Russia, 2012 - 155 p Pakhomov V.l vo Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NOHL TOMTAT NHtTNG V A N D E C O B A N VE C O N G N G H E S A N X U A T N H I E N L I E U S I N H H O C TlT J A T R O P H A PakhomovV.l'", RykovV.B',KambulovS.l', ByrkoS.!*, Hodng NghTa D ? ^ ' I 'ien nghien ciiu mdy va thiet bi nong nghiep bac Kavkas- LB Nga; 'Dgi hoc long hgp ky thugt Song Ddng - LB Nga Bai bao nghien ciiti ve kha n5ng sir dung jatropha lam nhiSn lieu sinh hQc chat luong cao Cac d|c diem ndng hoc chinh cua jatropha kha nang su dung dau jatropha lam co so tao nhien li6u sinh hoc Mot so phan tich so sanh cac tinh chat vat ly, hoa hpc, nhien lieu cua dSu jatropha va nhien lieu diesel Nghien ciru d^c tinh ciia hon hop dSu jatropha v^ nhien lieu diesel Chung t6i ciing dua nhimg cong nghe san xuat nhien lieu sinh hpc dung cho m^y nong nghifp tir hat jatropha Tir kboa: jatropha nhien lieu smh hoc cong ngh4 che bien thay thi nhien lieu diezel Ngdy nhdn bdi 15 3-2015; Ngdy phdn bien 02/4/2015, Ngdy duyet ddng: 08/5/2015 Phdn bien khoa hoc: TS Phgm Bdng Phuong - Truang Dai hoc Nong Ldm - DHTN Tei 79281570500 Email-v ipak!wmov@mail n 110 ... ciiti ve kha n5ng sir dung jatropha lam nhiSn lieu sinh hQc chat luong cao Cac d|c diem ndng hoc chinh cua jatropha kha nang su dung dau jatropha lam co so tao nhien li6u sinh hoc Mot so phan tich... kW/ rpm~'' Type of fuel 13,1/2200 100% Diesel 20% Jatrophaand 12,2/2200 80% Diesel 40% Jatrophaand 11,2/2200 60% Diesel 12,3/2200 100% Jatropha Jatropha oil has 3 % of sulfur, which is much less... analysis of diesel fuel and jatropha oil by tbe main fuel- technological parameters is shown in table Figure Z Jatrophaoil Table Comparison of some characterislics between Jatropha oil and diesel