SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY! UNG DUNG LOGIC MCf DIEU KHIEN NOI Li/cfi CHO TUBIN GIO SUf DUNG MAY PHAT DIEN DONG BO NAM CHAM VINH CUfU APPLYING FUZZY LOGIC FOR CONTROL OF GRID CONNECTION OF PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WINDTURBINES Tom tit Nghi§n c i ^ si^'dung va khai thac Hkn qua ngudn nang luong tai tao ndi ehung va nguon nang lifpng gid ndi rieng de phat dien co y nghTa thiet thUc den viec gi^m bien doi hau va giam sif phu thugc vao cac ngudn nhien lieu hoa thachcdnguy CO can kiet,gay6nhiemmditruefng,fle dieu khien tuabln gio van hanh duoc toi UK vdi van tdc gid nhSt dinh, thi he thdng phai tudieu chinh theo suthay dm cua van toe va hudng gio Cdng nghe suf dung G C bo iKeu khien kinh ^en gap nhieu han che he thdng dieu khien tUdieu chinh 6ai bao da dua difcrc ket qua mo phdng dieu khien ndi ludi cho tuabin gid s^ dung may phat ^en dong bd nam cham v!nh cOu (PMSG) theo gi^i thuat logic md nham tri eong suat phat tdi da ciia he thong bat chaptSi noi vdi he thong Tirkhda: Nang luong t^i tao; nang lUOng gid;tuabin gio; PMSG; logic md Abstract The research on using and exploiting effectively renewable energy sources in general and wind energy sources to generate electricity is meaningful to reduce thedimate change anddependence on fossil energy sources which are at risk of both being exhausted and causing environmental pollufion For the purpose of operating efficiently of wind turbine at a certain wind velocity the system must function and be selfadjusted to the diange of wind speed and direction Conmilling technology based on classical controllers still have many drawbacks in self-adjusted controlling The article gives the result of modulating gridconnected control of an integrated wind turbine using PMSG, applied fuzzy logic algorithm to maintain maximum capadty of the systems with disregard of connected power loads Keywords: Renewable energy;Wlnd energy; Wind Turbine; PMSG; Fuzzy logic NO Le Km Anh TnffmgCaodang Cdng nghiep Tuy Hoa Email tdh]ekimanti@gmail,com l.OATVANO^ Ngay nay, nhu cau sCf dung nang li/ong cCia ngi/di cang tang Nguon nang gio la nguon nang luong sach, khong gay nhiem moi trudng, dong thcfi tiem nang ve trQ lifong nang Ngay nhan bai: 10/8/2014 Ngay chap nhanflang;20/10/2014 luong gio nudc ta rat Idn.Theo so lieu cua Ngan hang The gidi, tiem nang gio cua Viet Nam (d cao 65m) rat kha quan, udc dat 513.360MW, Idn hcJn 200 Ian eong suat nha may thCiy dien Son La va hon 10 Ian tong eong suat d u bao cua nganh dien den nam 2020 Day se la nguon nang luong co tiem nang de khai thac va bo sung vao nguon dien ludi qudc gia, thay the dan cac nguon nang lUdng hoa thach cang can kiet va cai thien dUdc moi trUdng sdng Cdng nghe hien cac tuabin gio thudng sd dung hai loai may phat dien PMSG va DFIG, nhung yeu cau may phat dien dieu khien d toe cao, thudng sd dung may phat dien PMSG Viec Lfng dung logic md dieu khien noi ludi cho tuabin gid sd dung may phat dien PMSG nham hudng den phat trien ludi dien thong minh va dieu khien linh hoat cac nguon nang luong tai tao HE THONG DIEU KHI^N U6\ Ll/Cri TUABIN Gl6 SKf DUNG MAY P H A T D I | N DONG Bp NAM CHAM VINH CLTU (PMSG) 2.1 Khai niem he thong dieu khien noi lUdi Trong lUdi dien nhd (microgird) noi ehung va ludi dien sddung tuabin gid ndi rieng, ve phUOng thdc van hanh, cd hai phUdng thdc van hanh la van hanh doc lap va van hanh noi ludi, cho du la van hanh doe lap hay van hanh noi ludi, dieu phai dam bao van de on dinh he thong va chat luong dien nang phai nam gidi han tieu chuan cho phep Bai bao de xuat phucJng thdc van So • Tap (hi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE IMiMLlilltMCONG NGHE Nhd ta da biet ty- so toe dp dau canh tuabin gid va toe dd la: X oj toe dd quay cua tuabin, R ban kinh cua tuabin, v van toe cua gio Mdmen cua tuabin gio duoc tinhnhusau: OJ X (4) Mat khac tuabin gid cd the van hanh theo cac quy tac Hinh So can triic co ban he thdng dieu khien ndi ludi tuabin gid sif dung dieu khien khac thuoc vao toe dp cOa gio Difdng may phat dien PMSG eong bieu dien moi quan he gida P^ va toe dp gdc, (hinh 3) hanh noi lUdi, cd nguon dien gio noi vao ludi phan phoi He thdng noi ludi bao gom: Tuabin gid sd dung may phat Td cac bieu thdc (1), (2), (3), (4) da phan tich d tren, mo hinh dien PMSG bao gom eac phan co ban nhd hinh 1, He tuabin gid duac xay ddng tren Matlab/Simulink vdi thong thdng tuabin gid qua may phat dien Chora dien ap (AC), qua so dau vao toe gid, toe cCia may phat dien va thongs6 bp chinh lUu (AC/DC) dien ap mot chieu (DC) Va dien ap dau mdmen, (hinh 4) mot chieu duoc dua den bo ehuyen doi hai trang thai (DC/DC), sau den bp nghjeh luu (DC/AC) eho dien ap xoay chieu (AC) va thUc hien ndi ludi 2.2 Mo hinh tuabin gio Theo [1], eong suat cua tuabin gid duoc tinh theo bieu thdc: ,=Cp(^,|i)i (1) Trong do: P^: Cong suat dau cua tuabin (W); C (X,P): He so bien doi nang lupng (la ty so gida toe dp dau canh X va gdc c^nh p); A, Tiet dien vdng quay cua canh quat (m^); p: Mat dd cua khong khi, p - 1,255 (kg/m^); v la van tdc gid (m/s).Td bieu thdc (1) ta thay van tdc gid la yeu to quan trpng nhat cua cdng suat; eong suit dau tang theo luy thifa van tdc He sd bien doi nang lUOng CJ,X j3) cua bieu thdc (1) theo [2], dupe tinh nhu sau: C^(>., p ) = 0.5176 ( — - , p - 5)e '• vdi J - = X, ] 2:2!i ?.+ 0.08p 1+p' 25 30 35 «0 45 SO SS Tac dl) gdc Hinh 3, Dudng eong moi quan giUa P^ va tdc gdc - 0.0068 X, '(2) (3) Hinh la dUdng eong bieu dien moi quan he gida C va X, Hinh M6 hinh tuabin gid 2.3 M6 hinh may phat dien PMSG Mo hinh may phat dien dong bp nam cham vinh cuU (PMSG) cd hai loai he true tpa ddpc sd dung: he tpa doa0 gan cd dmh vdi stator va he tpa dp dq gpi la he tpa cid tda hudng td thong rotor, Theo [3], phdong trinh dong dien va dien ap eua PMSG bieu dien tren he tpa dp dq nhd sau: di.d dt " • !-„ dt T "ã -^ô* L '" (51 Vp ' I (6) Trong do: L^^ dien cam Stator d vi tri dinh cUc; L^ dien cam Stator d vi tri ngang cue; ip t d thong cue (vTnh cilu); T ^, T ^ la hang s6 thdi gian Stator tai vj tri dinh cdc PhaeJng trinh momen tinh nhd sau: Hinh Dirdng eong mdi qjan he gida C vaA 16'Tapdi(KHOAH0C&C0NGNGHE , -1Kb (L„ - L „ ) ] m SCIENCETECHNOLOGYII Hinh Quy luat thay doi cua K^ I ^ i-.^ Hinh Mo hinh may phat dien PliflSG Dda vao cac bieu thdc (5), (6), (7) (hinh 5) de xay dung mo hinh PMSG tren Matlab/simulink XAY DLTNG B O D I ^ U K H I I N M d Viec xay ddng bp dieu khien md dua vao so cau true c0 bcin he thdng dieu khien md, nhd hinh gom khoi: khoi md hda, khdi hop thanh, khoi luat md va khoi giai md Hinh 10 QuyluatthaydoicuaK, 3.2 Bo dieu khien md PI cho dong dien Theo [5], bp dieu khien md PI cho ddng dien bao gom hai phan {1^, ) Bp dieu khien md PI cho dong dien cung tdcJngtU nhu bp dieu khien md PI dien ap, chi khac la cac gia trj cCia tap md ngd vao va tap md ngo Luat hpp neu thi va ky thuat gill md centroid - Bd dieu khien md PI cho ddng 1^^ vdi cac tap gia tri md ngovaova ngo ra, nhu hinh 11,12 H'inh So cau true co ban he thdng dieu khien md 3.1 Bo di^u khien md PI cho di^n ap Theo [4], bp dieu khien md PI cho dien ap sd dung ham lien thuocTrapmf cho tap md ngd vao va ngd ra.Ti'n hieu sai lech ngo vao bao gom tap md NL, S, PL (Negative large Small, Possitive large) vdi cac tap gia tri md, nhu hinh Hinh 11 Gia trj ngd vao cua tap md Hinh 12 Gia tri ngd cua tap mb Giai md dUOc sd dung ky thuat gi^ md centroid cho cae he so K^K|, nhu hlnh 13,14 Hinh Gi^ tri ngo vao cua tap md Tin hieu ngd cung bao gom tap mdNL, S, PL (Negative large, Small, Possitive large) vdi cac tap gia tri md, nhU hlnh Hinh 13 Quy luat thay doi cua Kp Hinh Gia trj ngd cua tap mcf Luat suy dien md neu (if) thi (then) dupe sd dung de Hinh 14 Quy luat thay doi cua K| dieu chinh linh hoat cac he so K^ K, theo quy luat sau: neu - Bp dieu khien md PI cho ddng Isq vdi cae tap md ngo sal so la nhd (S) thi Kp, K, be (S); neu sai sd la Idn mang gia tri am (NL) thi K^, K, Idn (NL); neu sai so la Idn mang gia tri dUong vao va ngd ra, nhuhinh 15,16 (PL) thi Kp, K, Idn (PL) Giai md ddpc sd dung ky thuat giai md centroid cho cac he so K^ K,, nhu hinh 9,10 So "TapchiKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE 117 HEEHIS-CdNGjyiGHi U Hinh 15 Gia tri ngo vao cua tap mo Hinh 21 Cac luat hop eua 1,^ H"inh16.Giatringdrac{iatapmd X A Y D U N G M H i N H VA M P H O N G TREN MATUB G i l i m d d d p c s d d u n g ky t h u a t g i a i m d c e n t r o i d c h o eac SIMULINK hes6Kp,K,,nhUhlnh17,18 Xay dumg m o h i n h t r e n M a t l a b - Simulink - T i n h t o a n t h o n g so c u a d d d n g d a y ( h l n h 22): D o a n d u d n g d a y (L^) c d c h i e u d a i , k m Dien t r d tren d d d n g d a y : R^^ , n / k m x 0,5km = 0,178Q; dien k h a n g t r e n d U d n g d a y : X ^ ^ 0,3226Q/km x 0,5km-0,16130, D o a n d u d n g day (L^ co chieu dai 0,4km Hinh 17.Quy luat ttiay ddi cua K, D i e n t r d t r e n d U d n g d a y : R^ - , O / k m x 0,4km = , ; d i e n k h a n g t r e n d d d n g d a y : X ^ - 0,3614n/kmx 0,4km = 0,144560, D o a n d u d n g d a y (L^, L^, L^) c d c h i e u d a i , k m , sddung c u n g loai d a y d a n v a t i e t d i e n d a y b a n g n h a u , n e n dien trd t r e n d U d n g d a y : R , - R^- R, - , O / k m x 0,1 k m = 0,04370; dien khang tren d d d n g day:Xj = X^=X5-0,302n/kmxO,1km Hinh 18 Quy luat thay doi eua K^ - 0,03020 • W h o n x e f ; T r o n g h e t h o n g d i e u k h i e n b p d i e u k h i e n PID b a o g o m k h a u : P: t y le, (: t i c h p h a n , D; v i p h a n C o n b p d i e u k h i e n PI b a o g o m : P: t y le, I: t i e h p h a n Ky t h u a t d i e u k h i e n d d i h d i d a p d n g n h a n h ( n h u d i e u k h i e n d d n g d i e n , t o e dp ) t h i t h u d n g d u n g b p d i e u k h i e n PI, m a c k h a c m d m e n q u a n t i n h c u a m a y p h a t d i e n PMSG la h a m bae n h a t , n e n d u n g b d d i e u k h i e n PI la p h u h p p h o n so v d i d u n g b o d i e u k h i e n PID Cae b i e n v a o c u a t a p m d s d d u n g b d d i e u k h i e n PI va cae (uat h p p t h a n h cua b p d i e u k h i e n m d (1^^, 1^) d d p c t h e hienhlnh19,20va21 \ I Hinh 19 Ngd vao va ngd eua PI dieu khien mci Hinh 22, So So tinh toan cho dudng day Bang Cac thong sd to ban cua PMSG Cdng suat may phat So cue(p) 6kW Tdc dd rotor (u) 175 rad/s Bien trd Stator (Rs) 0,4250 Dien came Stator (Ls) 8,4 mH Mdmen 40 Nm Tif thong 0,433 Wb 4.2 Ket q u i mo phdng tren Matlab - Simulink 18 TapchiKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE S o SCIENCE T E C H N O L O G Y ! =i:n_: Hinh 23 Cac bd dieu khien mcf Hinh 24 iJng dung logic md mo phdng dieu khien ndi ludi cho tuabin gid SLTdung may phat dien PMSG 4.2.1 Kit qud md phdng khong c6 bo dieu khien md (hinh 25-30} /' Tai thay doi y Hinh 25 Tdc Sd cua rotor (rad/s) Hinh 26 Cac dac tinh mdmen Tai thay doi -sru/Vt*—••*• Hinh 27.Cdng suat tac dung P(W) -^•— Hinh 28 Cdng suat ph^n khang Q(Var) '^'"«iVJ''i!i»l Hinh 29 Ddng dien ndi tudi U (A) HJnh30.QienapnmlirdiU,»{V> S d Tap diiKHOAHOC&CONG NGHE 119 ãM!WJ!Miic6NGNGHE 4.2.2.Ketquam6ph6ngcdb6dieu^khienmdJhinh31-36) ' Momen CO Momen dien ãiôiMi>iMiwiiimiiiiiiinôiMằ*itBi Hinh 32 Cac dac tinh momen y iiinh 34 Cong suat phan Idiang O(Var) Hinh 35 Dong dien not liroi U (A) K^T L U A N Qua ket qua md phdng ta thay, dng dung logic md de dieu khien noi ludi eho tuabin gid sd dung may phat dien PMSG da phat huy ddi da cdng suat phat cua tuabin, tai thdi diem t - 0,1s ddng tai noi lUdi, ta thay bd dieu khien md t u dieu chinh va cae gia tri ludn lam viec d trang thai on djnh so vdi khdng dung bd dieu khien md Md hlnh dieu khien noi ludi nham hudng den viec phat trien ludi dien thong minh va dieu khien noi ludi linh hoat eho cac nguon nang lUOngtaitao Phan bien khoa hoc: PGS TS Tran Bach TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1], Saikumar,Saravanan,R,v,Sandip, vijaysndhar, "Modeiling and control of a Wind Turbine using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator" International JoumalofEngineeringSeieneeTeehnology(IJEST),2011, [2], CMBhende, S.Mishra, "Permanent Magnet Synchronous GeneratorBased Standalone Wind Energy Supply System" IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2011 [3], Alejandro Rolan, Alvaro Luna, Gerardo Vazquez, Daniel Aguilar,"Modeling of Variable Speed WindTurbme with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator" IEEE Intermation Symposium on Industnal Electronia, 2009 [4j Huynh Quang Minh, Nollet Frederic, Essounbouli Najib, Hamzaoui Abdelaziz, "Control of permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine for stand-alone system using fuzzy logic" France, 2011, |5j, Evgenije Adzk, Zoran Ivanovic, Milan Adzic, Vladimir Katie, "Maximum Power Search in Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Logic Control" Acta Polytechniea Hungarica, 2009 201 TapdiiKHOAHOC&CONGNGHE So Hinh36.f)ienapndiiUdiU^f(V) ... QuyluatthaydoicuaK, 3.2 Bo dieu khien md PI cho dong dien Theo [5], bp dieu khien md PI cho ddng dien bao gom hai phan {1^, ) Bp dieu khien md PI cho dong dien cung tdcJngtU nhu bp dieu khien... md PI cho ddng 1^^ vdi cac tap gia tri md ngovaova ngo ra, nhu hinh 11,12 H''inh So cau true co ban he thdng dieu khien md 3.1 Bo di^u khien md PI cho di^n ap Theo [4], bp dieu khien md PI cho dien... T E C H N O L O G Y ! =i:n_: Hinh 23 Cac bd dieu khien mcf Hinh 24 iJng dung logic md mo phdng dieu khien ndi ludi cho tuabin gid SLTdung may phat dien PMSG 4.2.1 Kit qud md phdng khong c6 bo