Điều khiển nối lưới cho hệ thống lai của tuabin gió và nguồn pin nhiên liệu

^ NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO POX 'fH yo a DIEU KHIEN NOI lacll CHO HE THONG LAI CUA TUABIN GIO VA NGUON PIN NHIEN LIEU APPLYING OF POWER ELECTRONIC CONVERTERS IN GRID-CONNECTED CONTROL OF WIND TURBINE AND FUEL CELL SOURCES LS K I M A N H - TrUdng Cao dang Cdng nghiepTuy Hda TOM TAT: Dilu khien noi ludi cho h6 thdng lai cua tuabin Keywords: Power Electronic Converter, Grid-connected con- gid va nguon pin nhien lieu sfl dung cac bp biin doi dien td trol, renewable energy, VOC, DPC, VFVOC,VFDPC cong suit CO nhdng uu diem nhu: He thong ndi ludi chu DAT VAN d6ng dupc ngudn nhien lieu dau vao, kha nang truyin nang Ngay nay, cung vdi su phat manh me eua the gidi, nhu cau lupng theo ca hudng Ket hpp vdi mach Ipe se giam song sir dung nang lupng cua n g u ^ cang tang Ngudn DE hai qua ludi va loai trfl cac sdng hai bac eao, dieu co y nang lupng tai tao ndi chung, ngudn nang lupng gid va ngudn nghia Idn den viec cai thien chit lupng dien nang, Bai bao pin nhien lieu noi rieng la dang ngudn nang lupng saeh, da dua dupc ket qua md phdng dieu khiln noi ludi cho khdng gay nhiem moi trudng, ddng thdi tiem nang ve trfl tuabin ^ d va nguon pin nhien lieu sfl dung cac bp bien ddi Iflpng nang gid cung nhu nguon pin nhien lieu d nudc ta rat dien td cdng suit, nham tri cdng suit phat tdi da eua he Idn Tuy nhign, de khai thac, sfl dung ngudn nang lupng gio thong bat chip tdi noi v ^ he thdng va ngudn pin nhien lieu cho hieu qud, giam phat thai cac Tir khda: Cac bp biin doi dien tfl cdng suit, dieu khien noi chat gay nhilm moi trudng, dac bi$t la (CO2) dang la ludi, nang lupng tai tao, VOC, DPC, VFVOC, VFDPC muc tieu nghien cflu cua nhieu quoc gia Bp biin ddi trang ABSTRACT: The research on using and exploiting effectively thai DC/DC tao dien ap mot chieu (DC) dupe dieu chinh wind energy and fuel cell sources to generate electricity is de cung d p cho cac tai thay ddi, bp chinh luu (AC/DC) phia meaningful to reduce die climate change They also reduce may phat di$n dung dieu chinh hoa dong bp cho may phat dependence of power demand on fossil energy sources which dien cung nhu taeh may phat dien khdi ludi can thiet are at risk of both being exhausted and causing environmen- Bp nghich lim (DC/AC) phia luffi nham gifl on djnh dien ap tal pollution Using power electronic converters for grid con- mach mot chieu trung gian, ddng thdi dua dien ap (AC) necting of wind turbine and hiel cell sources have some noi lu^ Cac bg bien doi dien td cong suit gifl vai tro rlt quan advantages such as active fuel input and capability of power trpng cac he thing dieu khien nang lupng tai tao (Re- transferring in both directions The combination of harmonic newable Energy sources - RES) He thing dieu khien noi ludi filter circuits to filter high order harmonics out of injecting cho tuabin gio vdi ngudn pin nhien lieu sfl dung cac bp biin to grid will have a signifieal effect on power quality improving ddi dien td cdng suat, nham hudng den phat trien ludi dien The article gives the result of modulating grid-connected control of an i n t e ^ t e d vrind turbine and fuel cell power system thdng minh va dieu khien linh hoat cac ngudn nang lupng tai tao using power electronic converters to maintain maximum ca- CAC Bp BIEN D I DIEN TU CONG S u A l pacity of the systems with a disregard of connected power He thong dieu khien noi ludi cac ngudn dien phan tan (Dis- loads tributed Energy Resources - DER) ndi chung va tuabin gid N A N G L U O N G VIET N A M (so 130 t h a n g 3/2016) [B IMGHlliN C i r u - I K A U U U l // vdi pin nhien lieu ndirieng.Theo [1], tuabin gid sir dung Ngit may phat dien ddng bo nam cham vinh cim (Permanent magnetic synchronous generator - PMSG) ket hop vdi nguon Ddng — pin nhien lieu mang trao doi proton (Proton Exchange Meml-or-l brane Fuel Cells • PEMFC) he thong bao gdm cac phan Ngat CO ban, nhu hinh Cac bo bien ddi dien hi cdng suat thuc hien nhiem vy nhu sau: Tuabin gid qua miiy phat dien cho dien ap (AC), qua bo chinh Imi (AC/DC) dua dien ap mot chieu (DC) Pin nhien lieu cho dien ap mot chieu (a)D = 0.5 (b)D0.5 (DC) Tat ca cac dien ap mot chieu (DC) qua bo nghjch Hinh 3- Xung dong ngat cua bp bien dot DC/DC [2j luu (DC/AC) dua dien ap (AC) noi ludi 2.1.1 Khi Switch d trang thdi dong Tuabin gid Ta xet khoang thdi gian t = den t = DT, dien ap tr6n ¥ "U -iim:iiii._ eupn day L la Uj Khi cong suitti-encudn day L dupc tinh nhu sau: Dl D'l P., =if ju.i.dt =-u li.dim Vdi dieu kien ddng qua cupn day L la hang so, cong suit qua cudn day L dupc vilt lai nhu sau: Qua trinh dieit phan IRnh So dieu khien tuabin gio vd nguon pin nbien lieu noi ludipj 2.1 Bo bien doi trang thai DC/DC Muc dich cua bo bien ddi trang thai DC/DC la tao dien ap mot chieu (DC) duoc dieu chinh de cung cap cho cac tai thay doi De on dinh dien ap dau cho bd bien doi thi ddi hdi cac bp dieu khien phai boat dong mot each tin cay, dien ap d dau cua pin nhien lieu khdng du Idn de cd the cung cap cho dau vao cua bo nghich luu (DC/AC) Do dd ta phai sit dung bo bien ddi trang thai DC/DC de nang dien ap dau dat yeu cau Theo [2], bo bien ddi trang thai DC/DC (Buck • Boots Converter) nhu hinh 2, vdi gian dd xung ddng ngIt nhu hinh P = ^V,I,, DT \dt = U,I,D (2) 2.1.2 Khi Switch ci trang thdi ngat Ta thay nang lupng tren cupn day L bat dlu xa Diode bat dau dan dien ap tren cupn day L cung d p cho tai UQ Khi ta CO cong suit trfin tai: or DT Vdi dieu kien ly tUdng thi UQ va 1L la hang so luc cong suSt dlu dupc vilt lai nhu sau: P, = ^ C/„/, ( r - DT) = UJ, (1 - D) (4) Tijf phuong tnnh (2) va (4) ta viet lai nhu sau; U„ { D U [I'D Dien ap sau klii qua bp bien doi cdng suat se tang \ti, | (5) H nhd bp dilu khien xung kich la cd the dieu chinh di&i ^:« mong muon bang viec dieu chinh D 2.2 Bd chinh lUu va bo nghich luu Hinh So di bd bien dot DCIDC (2] HD N A N G LUONG VIET NAM (so' 130 thing 3/2016) Viee nghien cflu cac bp chinh luu (AC/DC) va bd nghjch Itfu (DC/AC) dieu che theo phuong phap dp rpng xung (Pulse Width Modulation - PWM) hoac dieu che theo vecto khong ^ NGHIEN Ctru • TRAO DPI gian (Space Vector Modulation) duoc nhieu nha khoa hoc 2.2.2 Mo binh loan hoc cho bo nghicb htu quan tSm nghien cihi nhimg nam gan day vdi nhiing Theo [4], bo nghich luu dilng de bien doi dien ap mot chieu uu diem vuot troi nhu: kha nang truyen nang lucmg theo ca dien ap xoay chieu ba pha cd the thay ddi duoc tan so hudng, vdi gdc dieu khien thay ddi duoc (gdc dien), dung nhd viec thay ddi qui luat ddng cat cua c k van, n h u hinh ludng sdng h ^ thap "^y •^J 2,2.1 Mo hinh loan hoc eho ho chinh lau Sd bo chinh luu dieu che theo phudng phap rong xung ^= 't^ ^ ^ (PWM), n h u hinh Theo [3], de dat duoc muc tieu lit dieu khien cac phan cdng suit phit vao ludi til tuabin gid va pin nhien li^u thi hien cd nhieu phudng phiip de %i dieu khien cho bo chinh luu PWM n h u phuong phap: VOC, '4 :^ DPC, VFVOC, VFDPC Uio J ^§"S~i5 U: KZ % + 1"" I t