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Top chi Khoa hge Tnrdng Dai hge Cdn Tho Phdn 4 Khoa hoc Tu nhien Cdng nghe vd Moi tnrang 28 (20131 Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru''''dng Dai hoc Can Thci website sj ctu et^u vn ITNG DVNG CAC BO BIEN DOI DIEN TU" C[.]
Top chi Khoa hge Tnrdng Dai hge Cdn Tho Phdn 4: Khoa hoc Tu nhien Cdng nghe vd Moi tnrang Tap chl Khoa hoc Tru'dng Dai hoc Can Thci website: sj.ctu.et^u.vn ITNG DVNG CAC BO BIEN DOI DIEN TU" CONG SUAT TRONG DIEU KHiEN NOI LlTCW cAc NGUON PHAN TAN Le Kim Anh' ' Trudng Cao ddng Cdng Nghiip Tuy Hda, tinh Phu Yen Thong tin chung: Ngaynhdn: 08/05/2013 Ngdy chdp nhgn: 29/10/2013 Title: Application of power electronic converters in ^id connection control of distributed generations Tu khda: Bg chinh luu; nghich luu; nang lugng tdi tgo; ndng lugng mdi; ndi ludi cdc nguon phdn tdn ABSTRACT Tlie research on using and exploiting effectively small and scattered capacity renewable energy sources, named Distributed Energy Resources (DER), to generate electricity is meaningful to reduce the climate change and dependence of power demand on fossil energy sources, which are at risk of being exhausted and cause environmental pollution Using power electronic converters for grid connection control of distributed generators has some advantages such as capability of power transferring in both directions The grid integration of DERcan help them to achieve equivalent scale and stable power supply as that of traditional power plants The combination of harmonic filter circuits to suppress high order harmonics on the grid will also have a significal effect on improvingpower quality The article presentedihe simulation result of the grid-connected control model of DER using power electronic converters, which maintains maximum capacity of the systemirrespeetive of connected powerloads TOM TAT Keywords: Rectifier; inverter; renewable Nghien cdu sir dung vd khai thdc hiiu qud cdc ngudn ndng lugng tdi tgo energy; new energy'; gridCO cdng sudt nhd vd phan ldn (Distributed Energy Resources - DER) de connected distributed energy phdt dien cd y nghTa thiet thuc din viec gidm bien ddi hdu vd gidm su resources phu thugc vdo cdc ngudn nhiin lieu hda thgch cd nguy ca cgn kiit, gdy d nhiem mdi trudng Ung dung cdc bd biin ddi diin tu cdng sudt diiu khien ndi ludi cdc ngudn phdn tdn cd nhirng uu diem nhu: Khd ndng truyen ndng lugng theo cd hudng Cdc DER ndi ludi cho phep chung dgt dugc quy md luong duong vd muc cung cdp dien dn dinh nhu cdc nhd mdy diin truyen thong Kit hgp vdi mach loc de logi trir cdc sdng hdi bgc cao, diiu ndy cd y nghia ldn din viic cai thien chdt luang diin ndng Bdi bdo dd dua duoc kit qud md phdng diiu khien ndi ludi cdc ngudn phdn tan su dung cdc bd biin ddi dien tu cdng sudt, nhdm tri cong sudt phdt toi da cua he thdng bdt chdp tdi noi vdi he thdng Dv^TVANDE Ngay nay, cung vdi su phat ttien manh me ciia thi gidi nhu ciu su dung nang lugng cua ngudi cing tang Ngudn nang lugng tii tgo (Renewable Energy sources - RES) noi chung ngudn ning lugng phan tan (Disttibuted Energy Resources - DER) ndi riing nhu: nguon ning lugng gid, pin mat ttai pin nhien lieu la cac dang nguon ning lugng sach, khdng giy nhiera moi tiirdng Tuy nfailn, de khai thac vi su dung cic ngudn phdn tdn cho hieu qua vdn la muc tiiu ngfailn cuu ciia cdc co quan quin ly Hien Tgp clli Khoa hoc Trudng DQI hoc Cdn Thi Phdn i: Khoa hge Tu nhien Cong nghe vd Moi inrdng 28 (2013): 1-8 cd nhieu cdng ttinh nghiin cuu dilu khiln ndi ludi nhung d gdc nghiin cuu la cic ngudn ddc lap nhu tuabin gid hoac nguon pin mat trdi Bdi viet dudi diy dl xuat dieu khiln ndi ludi ngudn phan tdn (Distributed Generation - DG) la tuabin gid su dung mdy phat dien ddng bd nam chim vTnh ciiu (Permanent magnetic synchronous generator PMSG), ngudn pin mat ttdi (Photovoltaic cell) va pin nhiin lieu ming trao ddi proton (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC) LTng dung cac bd bien ddi diln tft cdng suit nhu: Bd biln ddi ttgng thdi DC/DC diing di diiu chinh va cung cip cho cic tai tfaay ddi la ngudn pin m^t ttdi va pin nhien lieu BO chinh luu (AC/DC) phia may phat dien diing diiu chinh hda ddng bd cho may phit di|n cung nhu tach may phit diln khoi ludi cdn thiit Bo nghjch luu (DC/AC) phia ludi nham ddng bp vdi ludi vi gift dn dinh di|n ap ragch mpt chieu tmng gian Trong he thdng dilu khiln ndng lugng tii tgo cic bg bien ddi dien tu cdng sudt gift vai tro rdt quan trgng, vile ung dung cdc bg bien ddi dien tft cdng suit ttong dilu khien ndi ludi cdc ngudn phan tan, nhdm hudng den phat triln ludi dien thong minh va dilu khiln linh hoat cdc dang ngudn nang lugng CAC BO BIEN f)6l BIEN TLT CONG SUAT HI thdng dieu khiln noi ludi cac ngudn phin tdn (DG) nhu: tuabin gid su dung mdy phdt dien ddng bp nam chim vTnh cuu (Permanent magnetic synchronous generator - PMSG), ngudn pin mat ttdi (Photovoltaic cell) vd pin nhien lieu mang trao ddi proton (Proton Excfaange Membrane Fuel Cell PEMFC) tiieo Tao Zhou, Bruno Franfois (2010), he thdng bao gdm cic thinfa phan co bin nhu Hinh Cac bp biln ddi di|n tir cdng suit thyc hiln nhilm vu nhu: Tuabin gid su dung may phdt dien (PMSG) phit diln ap (AC), qua bp chinh luu (AC/DC) dua diln ap ragt chilu (DC) Ngudn pin mdt ttdi vd pin nhiin lieu dieu cho di|n ap mpt chilu (DC) Tdt ci cic di|n ap radt chieu (DC) qua bO nghich luu (DC/AC) dua diln ap (AC) nii ludi _ I ^ m\ AC Dudng diy May biin dp Ludi diln Nghjch luu DC/AC He thdng dieu khien Hinh 1: So dieu khiln noi ludi cdc nguon phan tin sir dung cac b$ bien dfli diln tii cdng sudt 2.1 Bp biin dii trang thai DC/DC Muc dich cua bp bien ddi ttgng thai DC/DC la tgo dlfn dp mdt chieu (DC) dugc dilu chinh dl cung cip cho cdc tii thay doi, bd bien doi ttgng thii DC/DC gift vai tto rit quan ttpng ttong cac h | tfadng dieu khiln ndng lugng tai tao (Renewable Energy sources - RES) De dn djnh diln dp dau cho bp biln ddi thi doi hdi cic bg dilu khiln phdi hoat dpng mit each tin cgy, diln ap d dau cua pin mat trdi vd pin nhien lieu khdng du lan de cd the cung cap cho diu vao cua bd nghjch luu (DC/AC) Do dd ta phii sft dung bo biin ddi ttang thii DC/DC dl ndng diln dp diu dgt yeu cdu Theo Bengt Johansson (2003) bd biin ddi ttang tiidi DC/DC (Buck - Boots Converter) nhu Hinh 2, vdi gian dd xung ddng ngit nhu Hinh T.ip chl Khoa hoc Inning DJI hoc (Mn Tho Phan 4: Khoa hgc Ttr nhien Cdt^ nghe va Mdi tmang: 2812013} dilu clunh diai dp mong mudn bdng vile dilu cfainfa D 2.2 Bo cbuib luu bo B^}ch Imi }Ui Huih 2: So dd bg biin dfli DC7DC NgSt Viec nghien ciiu ex bp cfainfa tuu (AC/DQ va bg nghich luu (DC/AQ diiu cfai theo phuong phdp d^ rdng xung ( Pulse Width Modulation - PWM) hodc dieu chl tfaeo vecta kfadng gian (Space Vector Modulation) dugc ntiiiu nha kfaoa fagc quan tdm ngltiln cuu ttoi^ nhung ndm gin day \ di nfaimg uu diem vugt bgi nfain kfaa nang tru\'en ndng lugng theo c i faudi^ voi goc dilu kfaien ilia>' ddi Aigc, dung lugng sdngfaditbip 2.2.1 Md Mnh todn hgc cho bg chinh luu Dong (a) D = lb) D •= 0-5(c) D > 0.5 Hinh 3: Xung dong ngat cua lip failn ddi DC/DC 2.L1 Khi Switch d trgng tlidi ngdi Ta xet ttong kfaodng tfadi gjan t = den t = DT diln dp tten cudn diy L la U, Khi dd cdng sudt ttin cupn diy L dugc tinh nhu sau: So dd l>g cliinh Imi dilu cbl theo pfauong pfaap dp rdng xung (PWM), nfau Hinh Theo H^iran Bai et al (2007) ^ dat dugc muc tiiu Id dieu kfaien cic tfadnfa pfadn cdng suit phdt vdo ludi tu cdc ngudn pfadn tdn, tiii ttien cd nfaieu phuong phip dl dieu kfaien cbo t>g cfainh luu PU~N] nhu phuong phdp: VOC DPC VFVOC, VFDPC Dya vao so Hinh ta xiy dyng bieu thiic diln ip ciia bg ctunh tuu PA\'M nhu sau; Vol dieu kien ddng qua cudn ddy L Id hdng sd, cdng suat qua cudn day L dugc viet lai nhu sau: '^^ P^ = —U,I^ \dt = U.I^D -' ndng lugng ttin cudn ddy L bdt ddu xd Diode bat diu din dien ap tten cudn diy L cung cip cho tdi Uo Kfai dd ta cd cdng sudt ttin tdi: , Dl , -f»3 DT -Sll'-*; Hinb 4: Sor dong dien va diln ap cna bo chinfa lini Vdi dilu kiln ly tudng tfai L' va II li hing so liic cdng sudt diu dugc viet lai nfau sau: ; L „ / ( r - D r ) = i/„/,(i-D)(4) ^ (6) • ' • - ^ + * ' ' = ^ , - ( S i / ^ +a,, Tu phuong trinh (21 vi (4) ta vilt lai nfau sau: V, \.\-D) Dien dp sau qua tip biln ddi cdng sudt se tdng len nfad bd dieu kfaien xung k.ch ta cd the Bieu thuc (6) chuyen sang he toa dq d u ^ viet iai nhu sau: Phdn Khoa hoc Tit nhien Cong ngh^ vd Moi trudng 28(2013) 1-8 Top chi Khoa hgc Tnrdng Dgi hpc Can Tho dl di , dt du „ Ri J - S ju ^ 2.2.2 + (7) S ^u ^ S " - 0} Li J , Md hinh todn hoc cho bg nghich luu Theo Ngd Due Minh, 2007, bd nghich luu dung de bien ddi dien dp mdt chieu tiidnh dien dp xoay chieu ba pha cd the thay ddi dugc tin sd nhd viec thay doi qui luat ddng edt cua cac van, nhu Hinh Ich ''M ^'M Hinh 5: So dd dieu khien b$ nghich luu Dien dp day tten tai dugc tinh nhu sau: Ta gia thiet tdi pha ddi xftng nin dien dp: (8) * ll2 Gpi N la diem nut eua tdi pha dangfainfa(Y) Dya vio so dd Hinfa 5, dien dp pha cua cac tdi dugc tinh nhu sau: U r31 U,^-i-U,,-\-u,^=0 ^ NO (9) U, (12) "30 - «1 O Bien sdng hii cd the xac djnh dya theo khai ttien chudi Fourier ciia dien ip ngo nhu sau: "/ = ^lAV + ^"^k sin(A:.x) + ^Z)i cos(A:.x) (13) Vdi w \ u^ = — j M, sin( k.x)dx "- Thay bilu thftc (10) vao bilu thiic (9) ta cd phuang trinh diln ip a m5i pha ciia tai nhu sau: ^'^ Vdi: < K = — I M, COS( k.x)dx ^ { 2«20 - " l o ^'^ -«lo (11) 2^30 - « i o -«20 Tgp chi Khoa hoc Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha Phdn •{: Khoa hgc Tu nhien Cdng nghe > d Mot inrdng: 28 (2013): 1-8 Biln dp sdng hai bic k: At £^,a, - ^* = (14) Thong thudng dang dp ciia tii cd Iinh chat cua ham le dd: lik^ Ak = at Biln dp sdng hai co ban U[(i)m ^i\um = ^i - -— f w, sin x.dx (15) \u,sm(k.x).clx06) ," " 2.2.3 Cdu true diiu khiin cho bd chinh luu vd nghich luu Theo Degang Yang et al (1999), gid ttj diu cua dien dp qua bd chinh luu vi bd nghjch luu, chuyin sang he tga dq dugc xie dinfa nhu sau: V; = - [ ^ * , + ^ ] f c -i,)+e,+ ^i Va biln sdng hdi bdc k: 'a '.b Hinh 6: Sff dieu khiln cho mach vong dong dien Hinh 7: Dieu khien m^ch vong cua dong dien aiLi.,(17) Tgp chi Khoa lioc Tnnmg Dai lioc Cdn Tho Phdn.4: Khoa boc Tu nhien Cong nglie vd Moi tnrdng 28(2013): IS XAY DUNG MO HINH VA MO PHONG TREN MATLAB - SIMULINK 3.1 Xay dyng mo hinh tren matlab - simulink Theo Ngd Due Minh (2007), vile xdy dyng md hinh tren Matlab - Simulink, ung dung cdc bp biln ddi dien tii cong suit ttong dieu khiln ndi ludi cho ngudn phan tan (DG) nhu: tuabin gid sft dung may phat diln ddng bp nam chim vTnh ciiu (PMSG), ngudn pin mat trdi (PV) va pin nhiin lieu raang trao ddi proton (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell - PEMFC) nhu Hinh Hinfa 8: So dieu khiln nil ludi cdc nguin phin tan (DG) ung dung cac bp bien doi dien tir cong suit Bang 1: Cdc thdng so cu ban ciia pin nhien li^u Hang so Faraday (F) Hang so thai gian cua hydro ( T^^) Hang so phan tti van hyt ro(fH,) H ^ g s6 mo hinh (K,) So lirong pin nhien lieu ngan xep (No) Npi tro ciia pin nhien li^u (R"") Nhi?t tuyet doi (T) Hang so Ichi ly tuong ® He s6 sii dung (U) Qua dien ap kich hoat PEMFC (B) Qua dien ap kich hoat PEMFC (C) Dien ap chuan khong tai (Eo) Bang 2: Cac thong so c >• ban cQa PMSG 12 kW Cong suat may phat So cue (p) Toe dp rotor (ta) 175rad/s Dien tro stator (Rs) 0,425 a Dien cam stator (Ls) 8,4 mH Mo men 40 Nm Tu thong 0,433 Wb 9.6484.600 (C/kmol) 3,37 (s) 4,22x10-'[kmol/(ahn.s)) 1.8499xlO-'[kmol/(s.A)] 72 0.00303 (n) 343 (K) 8314,47(1 atm/(kmol.K)] 0,8 0,04777 (A-') 0,0136 (V) 0,6 (V) Bang 3: Cac thong sd co' ban ciia pin mSt triri Cong suat tam pin mat troi (Pma^) Dien ap (U„„) Dong dien (I„„) Dong done ngan mach a nhiet 25°C (L„) Dien ap ho mach (Uoc) 260 W 35 V lOA 10,75 A 40 V Tgp chi Kboa hgc Tnrdng Da> hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A: Khoa hgc Ty nhien Cong ngh? vd Mdi Inrdng: 28