Lai Khde Ldi vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 86(10) 219 225 THIET KE BO DIEU KHIEN HOA LlTOl CHO M A Y PHAT D I E N SUC GIO SU DUNG MAY DIEN C A M UNG NGUON KEP DFIG Lai Khac Lai''''*, Duong Quoc Hun[.]
Lai Khde Ldi vd Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 86(10): 219-225 THIET KE BO DIEU KHIEN HOA LlTOl CHO M A Y PHAT D I E N SUC GIO SU DUNG MAY DIEN C A M UNG NGUON KEP DFIG Lai Khac Lai'*, Duong Quoc Hung", Tran Thj Thanh Hai" Dai hoc Thdi Nguyen, 'Tnrdng DLl Ky 'Lhudi Cong nghiep - DL! Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T Vdi su xam nhap ciing tSng cua nang luong gid vao ludi dien may phat dien sue gid DFIG (Doubly-Fed Induction Generator) dang cang dugc trien khai Bai bcio trinh bay ket qua nghien ciru ciia viec ndi may phat dien DFIG vdi ludi dien, tren co sa thiet ke cac bo dieu khien cho cac bp bien ddi dp rpng xung PWM phia Roto va phia ludi Phuang phap dieu khien vecto tii' thong dugc ap dung cho ca hai bp bien ddi phia Stato tphia ludi) va phia Roto, de dieu khien dpc lap tdc ddng dien, dien ap, cdng suat tac dung va cdng suat phan khang ddng thai giu cho dien ap mot chieu (DC - link) bang hang sd TiJ' khoa: Mdy phdt dien siec gid: Hod luc'xi dien: DFIG generator: PID controller control wind generato 'Variable-speed wind turbine Dtniblv-Fed induction generator: back-to-back PWM con\>erter MO DAU Hien ngudn nang lugng sach bao gdm; Nang lugng gid, nang lugng mat trdi, nang lugng dja nhiet, nang lugng sinh khdi kha ddi dao, cd kha nang thay the ngudn nang lugng hda thach, giam thieu tac ddng tdi mdi trudng Trong nhung nam gan day da cd nhieu nghien cuu san xuat cac ngudn nang luong sach, chii yeu dua tren nang lugng mat trdi va nang lugng gid [2], [3], [4] Nham muc dich xay dung mgt mang ludi dien thdng minh, dam bao yeu cau: Phu tai sir dung nang lugng sach, neu thira se phat len ludi, leu thieu se sir dung nang lugng tir ludi He thdng may phat dien sire gid lgi dung gid de lam quay tuabin may phat tao dien dang dugc img dung nhieu thuc te Vdi loai tuabin gid tdc thay ddi cd bg bien ddi ndi true tiep giua stator va ludi thi he thdng se cdng kenh, tdn kem, bd bien ddi Cling phai cd cdng suat bang cdng suat ciia toan tuabin Loai tuabin gid sir dung may dien cam irng ngudn kep DFIG, vdi Roto day quan va Roto dugc ndi vdi ludi dien thdng qua mgt bg Backto-Back Converter Cdn Stato ciia DFIG duge ' /•('/.• 0913 ndi true tiep vdi ludi dien dieu khien DFIG thong qua dieu khien bd Back-to-Back Converter Vi bd dieu khien nam phia Roto nen cdng suat thiet ke chi bang 1/3 cdng suat StPto, dan den gia re hon nhieu Da cd nhung nghien ciru nham thiet ke bg dieu khien de dieu khien ddng roto may phat dira tren cac bd dieu khien PID hoac dieu khien md [5], [6] Tuy nhien cac bg dieu khien chua tap trung triet de dieu khien cimg liic dien ap, ddng dien, cdng suat ca phia stato, roto Dang ddng dien, dien ap phat chua dat dang sin chuan, tan sd ddng dien chua dn djnh, thai gian xac lap tdc gid thay ddi cdn ldn Bai bao dua phuong an thiet ke bg dieu khien cho bg bien doi Back-to-Back Converter dua tren bd dieu khien kinh dien PL Tdng hgp ddng ap Do cdng suat (P ) CLia ludi, cua may phat de dua phuong phap dieu khien ddng kich tir Rotor may phat DFIG, nham dn djnh dien ap, tan sd, cdng suat may phcit va phat nang lugng len ludi dien qudc gia tiong khoang thai gian ngan nhat MO TA TOAN HOC HE THONG MAY PHAT DFIG He thdng may phat DFIG dugc md hinh hoa he tga dq nhu hinh 507464 219 86(IO);219-225 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Lgi Khac Ldi vd Dtg Te = 3Zplm[4'3i R] Trong do; II/' Dien cdm tie hod L„: Dien cam quy ddi \: DO - LuJi Hinh Md hinh he thdng may phat DFIG he toa khdng gian vecto L.X + L„ A: He sd quy ddi Lj^; L^y - Dien cam Stato: Roto Zp: Sd ddi cue tii' cua may phat Phuong trinh dgng luc bgc ca khf co dang; Bg Back-to- Back Converter gdm bg bien ddi phia ludi (Grid Side Converter - GSC) va bg bien ddi phia may phat (Machine Side Converter - MSC) Giua GSC va ludi cd dat mdt bd lgc nham lgc bot nhting sdng hai bac cao gay bdi bg GSC Mo ta toan hoc may dien DFIG Hinh trinh la so thay the tuong duong ciia DFIG dugc md ta he toa khdng gian vecto' ciia Stato J_do)^^ _ Zp dt - ^ /.' Md men qudn tinh CO,.: Van tdc gdc cua Roto f,: Mdmen dien tie T,: Mdmen ccr tren true Roto Md td todn hoc bg lgc phia ludi Bd lgc gdm dien trd Rf va dien cam Lr Sa dd thay the nhu hinh Rf LM Lf E\ UR Hinh So dd hinh thay the ciia DFIG he toa khdng gian vecto' ^ If Uf Hinh 3: Md hinh bd loc phia ludi he toa khdng gian vecta Theo [2], viet phuong trinh Kirhoff he toa dq, ta dugc; Trong do: Rs la dien trd cudn day stato; L^ la dien cam tir hda; La la dien cam Stato va Roto dugc quy ve stato; RR ka dien trd roto qui ve stato Md td todn hoc bd DC - Link Chii' s cd nghTa la khdng gian vecto dugc tham chieu den Stato ciia DFIG Md hinh ciia bg DC - Link dugc trinh bay nhu hinh Theo [2], va viet phuong trinh Kirhoff cho cac mach vdng: R i^ + •^R''R dt ^ - ^ jj Chii's chi rang he toa gan vdi Stato Tir trudng Stato Roto, Mdmen dien tii' dugc xac djnh bang cac bieu thirc sau: = LM(i^ + if) ^R = L„i^< + LM(i^+iV) = H^^ + ui^R 220 E^=-Rri^-L,^+u^ M.SC X ^K DC - Lull; Cdc * G.SC \ Udc T - I'r Hinh Md hinh DC - Link Nang lugng Wj, dugc lay tren tu C va dugc tinh bang bieu thirc sau: Lai Khde Ldi vd Dig dieu khien cdng suat tac dung P Bd bien ddi cung cd the dugc sir dung de dieu khien cdng suat phan khang Q, bang each sir dung mach vdng dieu khien ddng dien tren true q (Ij) Wac=-Cd,U-,, dt :ic dc 86(IO):2l9-225 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE dt dc Thiet ke bd dieu khien phia mdy phdt * Mach vong dieu khien dong dien Cdc"dc dt ^dc "P, - P So' cau tnic ciia vdng kin dieu khien ddng dien phia Roto nhu hinh DFIG THIET KE B O D I E U KHIEN CHO HE THONG M A Y P H A T DFIG Sa dd cdu trite dieu khien he thdng I fi r^ Kp Kl P So dd Cau true he thdng dieu khien may phat dien sue gid DFIG dugc trinh bay nhu hinh t.Tipl y-i K, - y,yy.3 Hinh Mach vdng ddng dien phia Roto Ham truyen tir U'R den i,^ se la: G(p) = ^ pL„ + R , + R , + R, Cac he sd ciia bg dieu khien PI la: • [T1.H; I*' PPK Hinh He thing dieu khien may phat dien DFIG Bo biin ddi phia may phcit (MSC) dieu khien tdc ciia may phat de dat dugc cdng suat tdi da dua tren mdt sd mach vdng dieu khien tdc do, dieu khien cdng suat va dieu khien ddng dien Tin hieu vao cua bd dieu khien tdc duoc lay til' diem cdng suat cue dai (maximum power point - MPP) dugc tinh toan tir van toe ciia gid Dau ciia bd dilu khiln toe trd tin hieu dat cho nicich vdng dieu khien cdng suat Mach vdng ddng dien se theo doi cdng suat bang bd dieu khien ddng dien Bg dieu khien ddng dien duoc gan tren he true toa dq triing vdi true ciia Roto may phat Bo biin ddi phia ludi (GSC) dieu khien dien ap mdt chilu DC (UdJ- De lam dugc dieu ta can thiet ke mach vdng dieu khien dien ap de dugc ddng dien true d (I'j) Ddng dien (I j) trd dau vao ciia bd dieu khien ddng dien k,, = a , L a ; k , =a,(RR-fR.s+R,.,) a;.: Giai thdng vdng lap kin ciia he ddng lire bgc ddng dien; Ky bieu "'"" chi cac thdng sd udc lugng R^, - k | ^ ( a ^ L n - R R - R s ) * Mach vong dieu khien cong suat Cau tnic mach vdng dieu khien cdng suat cd dang nhu hinh Kp Kp ^ã"^^M-^ã ^ Ki _ô; 1* Hinh Bp dieu khien cdng suat P, Q Cdng suat bieu dien theo tir trudng ciia Stato nhu sau: Ps=3R,jij'+3o)|(M/,di,,-v|>,^,i,j) Qs=3o),(v|/,ji,j+i|/,„i,„) 221 ?mi Lgi Khac Ldi vd Dig 86(10): 219-225 Tcip chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Frong Ps va Qs liin lugt la cdng sucit tac dung va cdng suat phan khang Stato P*ref va Q*ref la cdng suat tac dung va cong suat phan khang dat (P*ref dugc lay tir dau cua mach vdng dieu khien tdc do, Q*ref dat bang 0) Tin hieu ciia mach vdng dieu khien cdng suat la i*rd va i*rq trd tin hieu dat cho mach vdng ddng dien Ham truyen ciia mach vdng se trd G,(P) _ '.(P) uV{p) L,p + R, + R^f Chgn: R^, = a, L t - R r thi ham truyen cua he thdng se la; GE,,(P) = * Mach vong dieu khien toe L,(p-Ha,-)" Cudi cimg luat dieu khien cho mach vdng dieu khien ddng dien phia ludi dugc viet nhu sau: Cau true mach vdng dieu khien tdc cd ^ang nhu hinh / (i^",.-i,.)-(R,,.-ja),Lf)i, p J Tron a do: ti^ref kpf = a , Lr: k,,- =a,-(Ri + R^,,) = a",-Lr; R^f =a,- L r - R r Hinh Bd dieu khien tdc * Mgch vdng dieu khien dien dip DC - Link Trong dd UMF la tdc quay ciia may phat (do tren true Roto ciia may phat); n*,.e, la tdc dat cua mach vdng dieu khien tdc (n*ref dirgc la> tir dau cua bg theo ddi cdng suat cue dai - "MPT" (Maximum Power Tracking) n*r,.| dugc tinh theo cdng thirc: Mach vdng dieu khien dien ap DC - Link dugc trinh bay nhu hinh 10 R F(p '-£^fi^•'E,, Trong dd: ?vop, la mdmen tren true ciia hop banh rang ndi tuabin gid va may phat; v la toe gid; n la ti sd truyen ciia banh rang (Gearbox) Thiet ke bg dieu khien phia lirdi * Mach vong dieu khien dong dien Cau true mach vdng dieu khien ddng dien phia ludi dugc cho nhu hinh r P'^dc if Ham truyen G"(p) cd dang; -6E„ G(P.^^*' i^^,,(p) Xt"-'^'iff* Gipi pC,,+6E^,G., Chon bd dieu khien la PI F(p) = ^ G - ' ( p ) - ^-^'' 6E„„„„, ''fi^ p NluchgnG,=a,„Cdc/(6E,,,,„J -2p t'i"'^Gp,,(p) Cj^.(p- + 2a,„^p + a-,^,i;) i-i Trong dd: ^ = E,^, / E ^ , , _ ; Coc = C R ^°''- E g n = E „,^,„,; ^ = thi Gpw(P) Hinh Mach vdng dieu khien ddng dien phia ludi 222 s Oa Elpi ^ \ jo^i'"' Hinh 10 Mach vdng dieu khien DC - Link 27TR F(pi Cr(|)) -2a„p Cdc(P + a , j ' dc Lgi Khac Ldi vd Dtg 86(10): 219-225 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CCWG NGHE DIEUIHIEHDIEK- 01 ELI I HIENDMG [jlEN BE 7H0JJG M&YPBATDIEWSUC GIO sa JXWG J l i i r DlEHCAil UHG DFR PGS.TS U* KHAC \Ji DUOIIG OUCiCHUIIG »• •• •• Ci: f j HE TrtJ IG [»:'rG p tiF *- u OJ rC C UAT ^-'Hc P ^1 I _ DMiJ^P-::: I 'IHIEU MOT CHIEU KHOI HIEM THI KET OUA h M C BO DIEU KHIEM P htt M.« PH".T Hinh L Md hinh md phdng he thdng dieu khien may phat dien sire gid DFIG tren Simulink - Plecs Cdc thimg sd phuc vu cho qud trinh md phimg dugc cho nhir sau: ' ' I I I M Cdng sudt thiet ke: P,u = 1.5 MW Dien dp thit^t ke: u,= 575 V Tdn so: /= 50 Hz Ti sd vdng ddy Stato/Roto: A' = Dien trd Stato: R,= 0.0014 n Dien trd Roto: Rr = 0.992 mn Dien cdm Stato: L.A = 89.98 pH Dien cdm Roto: LrA ^ 82.09 pH Dien cdm tie hod: ^111 1.53 mH Sd ddi cue tir: Zp = TuC(DC-link): C= 38 mF Md men qudn tinh Gearbox: J= kg m2 Ti sd truyen bg Gearbox: n= 1:75,71 Bdn kinh tuabin: /? = 35 m Tdc gid cao: * ItiO-X ~^ 12m/s Tdc gid thdp: V 10.5 m/s = 223 Lgi Khde Ldi vd Dtg 86(10): 219-225 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Dong dien Roto {Ii MO PHONG HE THONG TREN SIMULINK-PLECS So' dd md phdng he thdng nhu hinh 11 "I" Vdi tdc gid 12in/s cdng suat phat cue dai cua may phat dat xap xi 1,5MW (gia tri am the hien may phat nang lugng len ludi) Luc tdc ciia may phat la gan 2000v/ph Khi tdc gid giam xudng 10.5in/s lam cho cdng suat phat cue dai cua may phat giam xudng IMW va tdc quay cua may phat giam xudng 1600v/ph (hinh 12) thdi gian de xac lap tdc quay cua may phat tdc gid giam tir 12m/s xudng 10.5in/s (tuong irng tdc may phat giam tir 2000v/ph xudng 1600v/ph) chi mat khoang 0.6s (rat nhanh) Dong dien Stato (Is); Tan so f = 50Hz 2000-r- 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Hinh 13 Dong dien va dien ap ciia may phat Dong dien mot chieu (ldc) Toe !fc MF (v/ph) Cong Rj)l Stjlo (Pi Qi) Dien ap mot chieu (Udc) Ps / Cor- :u*l !;cto(Pr,Qt) Cong suat mot chieu (Pdc) Cong luil b« Ihong |P, Q) Hinh 12 Tdc may phat cdng suat may phat va cdng suat phat len ludi ciia he thdng DFIG Ddng dien, dien ap Stato, Roto dugc trinh bay nhir binh 13 Ddng dien Stator phat len ludi cd dang hinh sin chuiin, cd bien va tan sd it bien ddi (f = 50Hz) tdc gid giam dot nggt tir 12m/s xudng I0.5m/s Bien cue dai ciia dien ap Roto la 183V (bSng gia tri dat) Dien ap mgt chieu DC - Link cd dang nhu binh 14 Dien ap mgt chieu thuc te tren tu C rat biing phang gan nhu khdng cd sdng hai bcic cao \ii cd bien biing gia tri dat (1200V) 224 Hinh 14 Ddng dien ldc in, dien ap mdt chieu Vdc vii cdng suat mdt chieu Pdcin KET LUAN Bai bao da trinh bay tdng quan he thong phat dien sire gid sir dung may dien cam img ngudn kep DFIG, tir dd xay dung md hinh toan hge ciia he thong Xay dung cac bg dieu khien (bg dieu khien tir thdng may phat, bg dieu khidn phia ludi, bg dieu khien gdc canh) de lay cdng suat cue dai tir gid cua he thdng phat dien sue gid, ddng thdi phat nang lirgng len ludi dien qudc gia Lai Khde Ldi vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Tien hanh md phdng he thdng tren phan mem Matlab - Simulink - Plecs va da dua ket qua md phdng Cac ket qua md phdng the hien mdt each trung thuc, khang dinh tinh dimg dan ciia viec xay dung cac bg dieu khien TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O [I] Nguyen Phung Quang; "Nghien cim, thiet ke vd che tgo bg phdt dien hdng siec gid cd cdng sudt 10 - 30 KW phii hgp vdi dieu kien Viet Nam" Phdng Thi nghiem Tu dong hda Trudng dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Ndi, (2007) [2] ANDREAS PETERSSON; "Thesis for the degree cf doctor of philosophy" Division of Electric Power Engineering Department of Energy and EnvironmenL CHALMERS UNIVERSITY^ OF TECHNOLOGY, G-oteborg, Sweden 2005 86(IO):2l9-225 [3], CAMILLE HAMON "Doubly-fed Induction Generator Modeling and Control in DigSilent Power Factoiy" Master's Thesis at KTH School of Electrical Engineering [4], J Bendl, M Chombt, and L Schreier, ".Adpistable-speed operation ofdoiiblv fed machines in pumped storage power plants", in Proc Ninth International Conference on Elecfrical Machines and Drives, Sep., 1-3, 1999, pp 223-227 [5] Alfeu J Sguarezi Filho and Ernesto Ruppert "A Direct Power Controller for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator", European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies, Environment and Power Quality (EA4EPQ [6] M.A Dami, K .Jemli* 'M ./emit and \L Gossa, "Doubly fed induction generator, with system under micro-interruptions crow-bar fault" Revue des Energies Renouvelables Vol 13 N°4 (2010) - 6 ^ SUMMARY DESIGN C O N T R O L L E R T O C O N N E C T T O T H E E L E C T R I C A L GRID FOR WIND G E N E R A T O R USE D O U B L Y FED I N D U C T I O N G E N E R A T O R (DFIG) Lai Khac Lai'* Duong Quoc Hung", Tran Thi Thanh Hai" Thai \giiyen I niversity College oJ 'Technology- - 'T.\'U With increased penetration of wind power into electrical grids DFIG wind turbines are largely deployed The article presents the results of studies of the DFIG generator connected to the grid, based on the design of controllers for the PWM pulse width changes the rotor and the grid Stator-Flux Oriented vector control approach is deployed for both stator and rotor - side converters to provide independent control of speed, current, voltage, active and reactive power and keep the DC-link voltage constant Key words: PID controller, conlrol wind generator: Variable-speed wind turbine, Doubly-Fed induction generator: back-to-back P Wh I converter Tel: 1)913 50746J4 225 ... nhu hinh DFIG THIET KE B O D I E U KHIEN CHO HE THONG M A Y P H A T DFIG Sa dd cdu trite dieu khien he thdng I fi r^ Kp Kl P So dd Cau true he thdng dieu khien may phat dien sue gid DFIG dugc... hinh md phdng he thdng dieu khien may phat dien sire gid DFIG tren Simulink - Plecs Cdc thimg sd phuc vu cho qud trinh md phimg dugc cho nhir sau: '' '' I I I M Cdng sudt thiet ke: P,u = 1.5 MW... lgc bot nhting sdng hai bac cao gay bdi bg GSC Mo ta toan hoc may dien DFIG Hinh trinh la so thay the tuong duong ciia DFIG dugc md ta he toa khdng gian vecto'' ciia Stato J_do)^^ _ Zp dt - ^