Phirofng phap trien khai he thong quan ly nang liTorng I S L i ANH T U A N - Khoa Quan tri Kinh doanh - Truing D^i hpc Di^n li/c KS CU HUY QUANG -I'y Khoa hpc Cong nghe v^ Ti6t kiem NSng lu'0ng; Tong cac NSng li/0ng - Ba Cong Thi/ang I G I I THI$U CHUNG SUdung ning lutfng (NL) tiet kiem va hieu qua hien dang la van de chien lupc quan trpng, mang tam qudc gia va dutfc cu the hda bing Luat sUdung ning tUtfng tiet kiem va hieu qua da dude Qudc hpi thdng qua 17/6/2010, cd hieu lUc tU 01/01/2011 Theo yeu cau cua Lual, viec trien khai md hinh quan ly nSng iupng (QLNL) la bSt bupc ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep (DN) diem Khai mem md hinh QLNL dUdc de cap den Luat chinh la dai dien cua cac he thdng QLNL Viet Nam, hien chUa cd hUdng dan chuan tac ve trien khai he thong QLNLvao thUc te Do vay, bai bao se gidl thieu mdt phutfng phip trien khai h^ thdng QLNL dio cac DN cdng nghiep tieu thu NL trpng diem tai Viet Nam II.DANHGIATHaC TRANG HOAT DQNG CUA QUAN LY N A N G LUQ^NG a ) G i d i thi#u ve QLNL vii H$ thdng QLNL - Theo Capehart v i cdng sy [1], Qt-NL la 'Viec sU dung NL dung d i n v i hieu qua de tdi Uu hda lyi nhuin (glam thieu chi phi) v i nang cao vj the canh tranh" Theo He thdng QLNL ISO 50001 (ban du thio), QLNL la "mdt tap cac yeu td tUdng tac vdi de thiet lap chi'nh sich v i cic muc tieu NL, eic thu tyc va qui trinh de dat duyc cac muc tieu nay" Trong tiiUc te, cdng viec QLNL phit hUdng tdi sy phit trien ben vung QLNL ben vUng cd the dUtfc xem la mdt chUdng trinh ap dung QLNL, giup lien tuc nang cao hieu qua sydung NL tai cd sd Oe tri tinh ben vijhg cua hoat dpng QLNL trpng to chyc, ta ran trien khai mdt he thdng QLNL He thdng QLNL giup DN tri v i lien tuc nang cao hteu qui cua hoat ddng QLNL ben K KHOA HQC & C O N G N G H ^ > (E I cillNM «Aor NAMi i.iinsGiCA Trt cmc KbOnB cb cliinh n k i i tHHiB luyiiM n'l tdna Khflnit id cic chl dJn li^l kijni hiju qui rdnd bgng Mna vin bin htra dyng chhh nich ntng hyrmdw ni trfri nyrin quto ly n i m >ô?ằã >ằy «M" ty « ^ c* C6 chiih »*ch ntiiB Iw^ng tihunn khang c6 cam Itfl cm C'RO ih rich ning bqiyt kt hogchtenhitm cfl cam \h C M CKO KhanB cfl Ifl chuc/ci nhin chju irtch n K m vi iiiu It^ ntng iiifii* » ' ' ^ 'y Ngirih 4iutn ly n l i ^ kiynjt cA rat irti hin chj Irong cing ly Khflng quy ilph tfl chfrr irtch v Dec - * - Ning ll/gmi *1> dung (GJ/month) - ã - O l ^ ning ô> dgng (GWh/thing) Hinh Do thi ve san IWOng va NL sir dung [6] te NL sU dung tai cac bd phan tieu thu thdng tin sydung NL, can phii chuyen i^i-, NL tieu thu theo thing, ti te NL cac thdng tin sang dang thi de tieu thu theo san tupng, cac xu hudng de quan sat, danh gia tieu thu NL, De danh gia tdt nhat cac 44 KHOA H(JC & CONG NGHE •• (S6 11-9/2012] Hinh md ta sin IUPng va NL tieu Cic giii phip t)et k i ^ ning luyng (TKNL) CU the dudc xic dinh thdng qua hoat ddng kiem toin NL Viec thUe hien kiem toin NL cd the thyt hien ttidng qua viec sU dyng ngudn lut troog rang ty hoic thue kiem ban ben ngoil Sau kiem toan ta se cd dUpe tong hyp cac ed hdi TKNL TU danh sach cic cd hpi nay, ta se phii lua chpn cac phuang an dau tU TKNL phiJ hdp nhat De lUa chon chinh xic ta se phai ti'nh toan cac chi tieu hieu qui chinh cua cac phuong an TKNL tdii hinh du an dau tu Cac chi tieu chinh la: (a) thdi gian hoan vdn; (b) gia tn hien tai thuan ciJa dU i n (NPV), (c) suat hoin vdn ndi tai ciia dUan (IRR) Phuong phap ti'nh cae chi sd hieu qua dy an cd the tham khao Til lieu dao tao ngudl quan ty ning IUdng [2] Ck nguyen tie lUa chon cac phUPng an TKNL la: - Lfu tien tya chon cac dy an (thut hien cac giii phap TKNL) cudi ddng tru^c (cae d U i n nang eao hieu qua sif dung NL khau san xuat) - Cac du an cd thdi gian hoan vSn ngin (khoing nim) va chi phi dau tu thap - Cac du i n cd cic chi sd NPV va IRR cao Ben canh viec tua chpn cic phUdng an d i u tU TKNL hieu qui, ta cung can phai xic dinh cic cd hdi tit cttu&iiniH IV K^T L U A N 50,000 100,000 ISO.OOO 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000400,000 Bii b i o da trinh bay mdt phupng p h i p tnen khai he thdng QLNL cho cac DN cdng nghiep trpng diem trpng thUe tg PhUPng phip tri^n khai cd the i p dyng cho cac toai hinh DN tiong cae nginh edng nghiep khic Tren thUc te, ben canh viec trien khai he thdng QLNL mpt cich dpc t i p , he thdng QLNL h o i n toan cd the ti'ch hdp vdi cac he thdng quan ty khac edng ty n h u he thdng q u i n ty chat luyng, q u i n ly mdi trUdng •:* San luoni am (tan/ thane) TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Hinh 06 thi di^ nSng tiiu thp theo mut sSn lut?ng kiem dien hinh tai e i c khu vUc tieu thu NL de tU dd CO c i c phuong p h i p q u i n ty hop ly Vi du tac gia Le Anh [4] eho ta cac CO hot TKNL dien hinh nganh xt m i n g Ddi vdi cac nganh khac ta cOng thUc hien c i c ndi dung h/Png ti; thdng QLNL, chinh sich NL va hieu q u i NL to chUe can phai dupe xem xet danh gia lai h i n g n i m bdi lanh dao cao cap de c6 c i c dieu chinh hdp ly can thiet, Trong thUc te, trinh t u tnen khai cac he thdng quan ly cd mpt dac diem ehung, la deu dUa tren chu trinh PDCA (lap ke hoach - thUe hien - kiem tra - hanh dpng) Chu trinh PDCA ap dung cho trien khai he thong QLNL dUdc the hien tren Hinh Cac ndi dung trien khai dUdc trinh bay bai bao cung hoan toan tuan thu chu trinh dUdc trinh bay d Hinh Hieu q u i NL t d ehUc cung nhu hteu qua dat dUOc sau ap dung cac giai phap TKNL can phai dupc theo doi, giam sat mdt each chat che Do vay tnen khai he thdng QLNL ta phii xac lap mdt he thdng IUdng giam s i t NL Cudi cung, cac thdng tin ve he il} Capehart B.L., Turner W.C., and Kennedy W.J Guide to Energy l^anagement, 6th ed, 2008 121 Bd Cdng Thuang, Tai Hiu ddo tao ngUdi qudn ly nang luang, 2011 [31 Kahlenborn W., Kabisch S., Klein J Rich(erl.,andSchurman,DINENI6001:£nergy Management Systems in Practice-A Guide for Companies and Organisations 2010 141 Le Anh J and Kien DJ 2009, Oppotunities for saving energy in the cement industry of Vietnam, Proceeding of the 2009 International Forum on Strategic Technologies, Oaober 21-23,2009 - Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, 204-207 [51 Luat sCrdung nang luang tiet kiem va hieu qud 2011 [61 f^CHT, Energy Management Handbook Key Energy-using Mustnesm Vietnam, 2011 Nghien cuTu giam loi NEPS tren scri KET LUAN Cd rat nhieu yeu to anh hUdng den sU hinh Neps va cac loi khac cua sPi, ngau nhien cung nhU he thdng tren toan bd day chuyen Khdng the khac Bang 9: Hieu suat loai Neps tren may chai ky-TN ^ ^ ^ Bong rdi% ^^L_Neps/lg^M Neps cupn c