KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 1\IGHIE1\I Ctru DA DA1\IG THLTC VAT KHU BAD Tdl\I THIEI\I l\IHBEI\I THAI\I S A PHLrcri\IG HOAmG, Til\IH THAI l\IGLIYEI\l Ngd Xuan Hli \ DSng Kim Vuî T O M T A T Nghien cuu da dang[.]
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 1\IGHIE1\I Ctru D A DA1\IG THLTC VAT KHU B A D Tdl\I THIEI\I l\IHBEI\I THAI\I S A - PHLrcri\IG HOAmG, Til\IH THAI l\IGLIYEI\l Ngd Xuan H l i \ DSng Kim Vui^ TOMTAT Nghien cuu da dang thuc vat khu bao t6n thien nhien Than Sa - Phuong Hoang da phat hien kieu tham thuc vat rimg theo nhu phan loai tham thyc vat Viet Nam cua Thai Van Trimg Thanh phln thuc vat co toi 1.086 loai, thupc 645 chi va 160 hp a nganh thuc vat khac nhau, Cac loai cay dien hinh Idiu vuc la; Nghien (Excentrodendron tonkinense), Trai ly (Garcinia fagraeoides), Trai dai bao {Garcinia bracteata), Den {Vitex trifolia), Thi da (Diospyras) Cb 44 loai co ten Sach Viet Nam va co 22 loai co ten Nghi dinh sd 32/2006/ND-CP, Tinh da dang ve cong dung cua thuc vat la gia tn to lon cua nguon tai nguyen thuc vat rimg a day, dac biet so loai cay lam thudc la 574 loai, chiem 52,8%; sd loai cay cho go la 319 loai, chiem 29,3% tong sd cac loai khu bao ton, lai co cong dung nhir An dupe, lam canh, Sd loai thuc vat ning khu he thuc vat dien bien theo chieu huong giam ve sd lupng va chat lupng, dac biet mpt sd ca the quy hiem dang dimg truoc nguy co tuyet chung nhu Nghien, Song mat, Tau.,, Kliu bao ton co tinh da dang thuc vat cao, phong phu can dupe quan ly va bao ton Tir khoa: Bdo ton thien nhien, da dang thuc vdt, tuyet chiing, sdch I.DATVADIOE Khu hlo tdn thien nhien (KBTTN) Than Sa Phugng Hoang nam tren dia bin d c xa Thin Sa, Phu Thuong vl thi trIn Dinh C l thugc huyen Vo Nhai, tinb Thli Nguyen dugc lap 01 thang 12 nam 1999 voi dien tich la 11.280 theo Quylt dinh sd 3841/QD-UB ciia Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Thli Nguyen Khu vuc nly cd he sinh thli rimg nui da dgc dao, c6 tinh da dang sinh hgc phong phu vol nhilu ngudn gien dong, thuc vat quy hilm va nhilu he sinh thli chuln ciia viing niii dl Noi day cdn lun giir cac di chi khIo cd hgc ciing nhu d c di tich lieh sir, danh lam CO gia tn Vol tinh da dang sinh hgc cao co the khang dinh day la mot mau ning dac trang cho he sinh thli rimg tren nui d l voi tinh Thli Nguyen Hien tai, nhiing tic dong tieu cue cua mdt sd ngudi dan dia phuong va d c vung Ian can da va dang tan phi khu rirng, nhirng mdi de dga khong ngimg gia fang llm cho nguy co mit di mot nhirng he sinh thli rimg mang tinh dac thu Trong do, k h i nang phuc hdi rung tren niii da la rat kho khan, nlu d l mit ning nui da se lam mat di ngudn tli nguyen kho kh6i phuc va se gay nen nhung hau qua kho ludng Xult phat tir nhiing ly tren, da thuc hien dl tai: " Nghien ciru da dang thuc vdt khu bdo ton thiin nhiin Tlidn Sa - Phucmg Hodng, tinh Tlidi Nguyin" nham tim nhung bien phip bio t6n tinh da dang thuc vat, gil tri ngudn gien ciia khu rimg, gia trj phong hg m6i tra'dng, an ninh qudc phdng va cac gia tri vl kinh t l du lich ciia KBTTN Thin Sa - Phugng Hoang, II MUC TIEU, NOI DUniG, PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEni CUU Muc tifeu Danh gil dugc hien trang tinh da dang thuc vat, nhiing fh6ng tin vl su da dang loai, muc ddng diu, miic phong phu ciia thuc vat rimg, lam co sd cho viec theo doi bio tdn da dang sinh hgc theo kh6ng gian va thoi gian, tir d l xuat giai phap bio tdn da dang thuc vat ciia khu bao f6n thien nhien Thin Sa - Phugng HoIng Ngi dung Nghien ciiu vl d c kilu fhim thuc vat chinh KBTTN vl dien tich, fhanh phln thuc vat; Dieu fra phan loai d c loai thuc vat than gd ciia cac kieu thIm thuc vat, phan loai theo nganh, theo hg, danh gia miic quy hilm, gia fri sir dung; Phan tich cac yeu fd co ban cd tac dong din khu bao ton ' Chi cue Kiam lam Thai Nguyen " PGS, TS, Truong Dai hoe Nong Lam Thai Nguyen NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON-SO -THANG 1/2010 15 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Dl xult mot sd giii phip chu ylu bio tdn da dang thuc vat cua Khu Bio tdn thien nhien Thin Sa Phugng HoIng Phuong phip Tien hinh dilu tra thuc dfa theo tuyen k i t hgp vdi lap dim diln hinh; dung d c chi sd da dang sinh hgc (chi sd phong phu Margalef - d; chi sd ddng diu Piejoue- J'; chi sd uu fhl Simpson - D; chi sd da dang Shannon - H') vl chi sd Caswell (V) llm d c chi tieu dim cho timg tieu khu nghien cim; diing mIy dinh vi toln clu (GPS) de xlc dinh vi tri d c dilu tra, d c quin xa dac biet cd chi sd da dang sinh hgc cao Sir dung he thdng phan loai thIm thuc vat Viet Nam cua Thli Van Trimg de phan loai d c kieu thIm thuc vat khu hlo tdn Sir dung phuong phip chuyen gia kit hgp phdng vin ngudi dan dia phuong d l dilu tra vl phan loai thuc vat, diln biln khu he thuc vat hoa chuc (Pilea hook&iana wedd.), Han voi (Deiuirocnide urentissimd), Han kich thich (Detuirocnide stimulans) - Rimg kin thuong xanh mua Im nhiet ddi tren niii dlt: Kilu phu chilm dien tich la 1.041,3 chilm 5,5% dien tich khu hlo tdn Cac trang thli rimg chii ylu la rung thii sinh phuc hdi sau nuong rIy ( M ) va sau khai thIc (IIB) Rimg nghlo (IIIAi) chilm ty le nhd, rimg co d u tnic mot fang cay gd, II ting tan chinh, mat cay 750 - 1200 cay/ha Thanh phln thuc vat chinh la: Bd dl (Styrax tonkinensis), Ba b i t (Mallotus paniculatus), Cheo (Engelhardtia roxburghiana), Xoan nhir (Chocrospondias axillaris), Ring ring mit (Ormosia balansae) - Kieu phu rimg nhan tic: Day II dien tich rimg trdng, chilm 1% dien tich khu hlo tdn Do dugc gay trdng nen thinh phln thuc vat don giln, chi cd mpt sd loli nhu: Bach din, Keo II trim, Keo lai Cin tich d l quy hoach rimg sin xuat Theo quan diem sinh thli phlt sinh quin fhl vl he thdng phan loai thIm thuc vat Viet Nam ciia Thai Van Trimg (1999), fhIm thuc vat Khu Bio tdn thien nhien Thin Sa - Phuong HoIng dugc thdng ke nhu sau: * Kieu rimg thua cdy la rong nhiet ddi cd kieu phu Id rimg thua cdy Id rong nhiet ddi tren ddt nui dd voi xuang xau Kilu rimg nly chilm ty le nhd: 1,6% dien tich khu bio tdn, phan bd chii ylu d suon hoac dinh mii d l cd ddc Idn, cao dudi 700 m, nIn dia chit gin nhu toln bd II da Thinh phln thuc vat tuong tu nhu d kilu phu rimg kin thudng xanh mua Im nhiet doi tren dlt nui d l voi xuong xlu, vdi d c loai cay chinh la Nghiln gan ba (Excentrodendron tonkinense), Trai ly (Garcinia fagraeoides), Trai dai bao (Garcinia bracteata) * Kieu rimg kin thudng xanh mua dm nhiet ddi a vimg niii thap O cao dudi 700 m so vdi mat biln Kilu rimg nly phan bd rdng khIp va chilm phln lon dien tich cua khu bio tdn (88,9%), gdm cd d c kilu phu sau: * Kieu trdng cd cdy bui nhiet ddi: Cb dien tich II 1.025,3 chilm 5,4% dien tich khu hlo tdn, bao gdm hai kieu phu II: Trlng cay bui nhiet ddi tren dlt niii d l v6i xuong xau vl trlng cd cay bui nhiet ddi tren nui dlt - Rimg kin thudng xanh mua am nhiet ddi tren dlt niii d l voi xuong xlu: Day chinh II kilu rimg dac tnmg vl diln hinh ciia khu vtrc nghien cim Dien tich 15.530,5 ha, chilm 82,3% tdng dien tich khu hlo tdn Thinh phln chinh a ting cay gd II: Nghiln gan ba (Excentrodendron tonkinense), Trai ly (Garcinia fagraeoides), Trai dai bao (Garcinia bracteata) Den (Vitex trifolia), Thi d l (Diospyras), Cac loli cay bui cd: Nggc anh phd th6ng (Tabernaemontana bovina), Quynh lam (Gonocaryum labbianum) CIc loli cay chinh d ting thIm tuoi II: Quylt thuc vat (Fern), Gai Bic bg (Boehmeria tonkinensis gagnep.), Lanh thuy - Kilu phu trlng cd cay bui nhiet ddi tren niii dat: Kilu phu nly phan bd chu ylu a d c thung iQng giira d c day niii d l ndi tilp Cd mdt sd it hinh thinh sau nuong rIy tir ngang sudn len dinh dong, phan bd thinh timg dim hoac dai hep Thuc vat la cle loli cay bui sdng hdn giao vdi cd cao Cay bui chinh cd: Bdp bdp (Eupatorium odoratum), ThIu tlu phd th6ng (Aporosa dioica), Ngan diep khai liet (Mussaenda dehiscens), Vong vang (Abelmoschus moschatus) CIc loai cd cao co Dot (TTiysanolaena maxima), Lau (Saccharum arundinaceum) Su dung phuong phip dinh gil nong th6n co sir tham gia (PRA) d l phan tich d c ylu td Inh hudng din khu vuc nghien cim III KET QUA NGHIEN CUU Da dang thIm thuc vkt 116 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE - Kieu phu trlng cay bui nhiet doi tren dlt nui d l v6i xuong xlu: Kilu phu tdn tai rli rIc tren cac day mii da khu vuc va chilm dien tich nhd Do s6ng tren dat nui da voi xuong xau nen k h i nang cay gd tli sinh va phat triln thinh ning a nhiing dien tich nly la rlt fhlp Mot sd loai chinh nhu: Trac trac ngu gilc (Ardisia quinguegona), Quynh lam ((Gonocaryum labbianum) * Kieu rimg kin thudng xanh mua dm d nhiet ddi nui thap: Kilu rimg nly co kieu phu la ning kin thudng xanh mua am a nhiet doi tren dlt nui da v6i xuong xau, dien tich 595,4 ha, chilm 3,4% dien tich khu hlo tdn Nhilu loli co mat d dai rimg nhiet ddi (do cao dudi 700 m) da khong cdn xult hien, thay vio dd II su gia tang cua d c loli thuc vat I nhiet ddi nhu Re (Cinnamomum albiflorum), De (Fagaceae), Chi (Camellia sinensis (L) O Ktze) Da dang loli thuc vat Dilu tra tren tuyln diln hinh da phlt hien, gilm dinh vl phan loai theo he thdng phan loai ciia Mabberley (1997), da lap dugc danh luc cho d c nganh thuc vat dugc tdng hgp d b i n g Bang Thinh phan thuc vat KBTTN Thin Sa - Phuong HoIng Nganh Tong cong Nganh Thach Tiing Nganh Moc Tdc Nganh Thuy Long Cdt Nganh Hat trdn Nganh Hat kin Lop hai la mam Lop mpt la mam So ho 160 15 140 121 19 Sd chi 645 31 607 511 96 Sd loai 1.086 65 1.008 854 164 Kit qui bing cho fhly, thinh phln thuc vat d khu bio tdn len tdi 1.08G loli, thudc 645 chi, 160 hg d nglnh thuc vat khIc CIc loai cay diln hinh khu vuc II: Nghien gan ba, Trai ly, Trai dai bao, Trong tdng sd 160 hg thirc vat thdng ke dugc cd d c dac dilm chinh sau: Nglnh cd hg: Nglnh Mgc tac; nglnh co hg: Nglnh Thach Tung vl nglnh Hat trIn Nglnh CO nhilu hg nhlt: 140 hg, dd II nglnh Hat kin; trang binh mdi hg c6 loai Dac biet, sd hg cd loli len tdi 33 hg Khu he thuc vat co 10 hg co sd loai nhilu nhlt chilm ty le < 50% tdng sd loai dugc danh gia la da dang vl hg, tren 50% la khong da dang vl hg Sir dung each dinh gia nly, da chgn 10 hg thuc vat cd sd loli Idn nhlt d khu bio tdn, kit qui tinh dugc nhu a bing Bang Mudi hg thuc vat c6 sdloii ldn nhlt KBTTN Thin Sa-Phugng HoIng TT Tong so 10 Hp thuc vat 10 Hp Nhu Kich (Euphorbiaceae) Hp Ciic (Compositae) Hp Dau (Fabaceae)* Hp Co (Graminceae) Hp Sa thao (Cyperaceae) Hp Xuyen thao (Rubiaceae) Hp Lan (Orchidaceae) Hp Na (Annonaceae) Hp Tnic dao (Apocynaceae) Hp Dau (Moraceae) Loai 390 63 61 54 43 42 40 25 23 20 19 Kit q u i bing cho fhly: Tdng sd loai ciia 10 hg thuc vat ldn nhlt khu bio tdn cd 390 loli, chilm ty le 35,8% tdng sd loli cua khu bio tdn (fhlp hon 50%) Nhu vay, 10 hg nly chua phli II dai dien cho d c hg khu bio tdn, dieu dd khIng dinh tinh da dang vl hg thuc vat cua he sinh thai rimg d khu hlo tdn CIc loli thuc vlt qui hilm Qua dilu tra thuc t l d KBTTN Thin Sa - Phugng HoIng cho thay: Sd loli cd fen SIch dd Viet Nam (2007) II 44 loli, dd mirc dd nguy hai de dga sir diet vong ciia d c loli thuc vat d cac d p bac nhu sau: d p EW (Extinct in the wild) - Tuyet chung ngoai thien nhien: loai la loai Lan hIi Viet Nam (Paphiopedilum Vietnamense Gruss et Perner) d p CR (Critically Endangered) - Dang tinh trang rlt nguy d p : loli II loli Re huong (Cinamomum parihenoxiflon (Jack) Meisn) d p EN (Dangered) - Dang tinh trang nguy d p : 11 loli gdm: Ngii gia bi, Xich duong diep 6blc-blc, Khoi duong hoa thua, Thu du xoa nhuy, Nghiln gan ba Sin mat (Madhuca pasquieri), Thanh thien quy (Nervilia aragoana Gaudich), Lan hIi TrIn Ngo Lien (Paphiopedilum tran ngo lien), Tlu nude Cip VU (Vulnerable) - d p se nguy d p : 31 loli gdm: Duong ddng dai diep, G6i nip (Aglaia gigantea), Kh6i (Ardisia silvestris Pit), Song mat NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 117 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Trim den (Cinarium tramdenum), Lit hoa (Chukrasia tabularis) ,N\x huong (Cinnamomum balansae), Ding sam (Codonopsis javanica), Cho nau (Dipterocarpus retusus) Sd loai cd ten Nghi dmh sd 32/200G/ND CP la 22, dd: Cd loai thugc nhom IA (nhdm cac loli thuc vat nghiem elm khai thIc, sir dung vi muc dich thuong mai) bao gdm: Lan khai than phi cham hinh, La,n hai bee-man, Lan hai trIn ng6 lien, Lan hIi Viet Nam, Cd 18 loli thugc nhdm HA (nhftim d c loai thuc vat ban chi khai thIc, sir dung vi muc dich thuong mai), bao gdm: T l tan nhin, T l tan pe-to-lo, Vu huong Re huong Ding sam, T u i gai if, Lirn (Erythrophleum fordii), Nghiln gan ba, Hoang ding (Fibraurea recisa), Trai ly (Garcinia fagraeoides), Dinh mat (Spathodeopsis collignonii), Thanh thien quy, Thien kim ding, Binh v6i (Stephania rotunda) Da dang vl cdng dung Kit qui dilu tra cho fhly, thuc vat Khu Bio tdn thien nhien Thin Sa - Phugng Hoang cd rat nhilu cong dung ddi voi doi sdng cua ngudi Tdng hgp theo cong dung chinh cho cac loli a cac nglnh dugc the hien d bing Bing Cdng dung cua thuc vat a KBTTN TTian Sa - Phugng HoIng Nganh Tdng cong Nganh Thach Timg Ngdnh Thuy Long Cdt Ngdnh hat trdn Ngdnh hat kin - Lop hai la mam - Lop mot la mam So loai phan theo cong dung chinh Lay Lam Lam An thudc canh dupe gd (Lodi) (Lodi) (Lodi) (Lodi) 574 319 162 84 319 565 156 76 311 510 144 55 55 21 12 Kit qui tdng hgp ti-en bing da khIng dinh tinh da dang vl c6ng dung ciia thuc vat ti'ong khu bao ton, la gia fri to lon cua ngudn tai nguyen thuc vat ning d day Diln biln khu h6 thuc vat rimg Theo kit qui dilu tra cua cac chuyen gia thuc vat rimg d d c thdi dilm khIc nhau, kit hgp phdng vin ngudi dan dia phuong, mot sd loli thuc vat rimg quy hilm khu vuc dang bi suy giam ve sd lugng c l fhl nghiem trgng va dang dung traoc nguy CO bi tieu diet Dd la d c loai Nghien gan ba Song 118 mat, Tau mat Dac biet loai Lan hai Viet Nam dugc xem nhu da hi tiiyet chiing ngoli thien nhien Qua thay ring, co gia tri sir dting cao nen rlt nhilu loai thuc vat khu bio tdn da hi khai fhIc manh din din nguy co bi tuyet chiing Tai nguyen thuc vat rimg khu bao tdn vi fhl cang can kiet ca vl sd lugng va chat lugng IV KET LUAN VA KIEN NGH| Kit luan (1) Khu BTTN Thin Sa - Phugng HoIng co kieu tham thuc vat rung va d c kilu phu bd sung llm ro bon kilu ning- Thanh phln thuc vat len tdi 1.086 loai, thuoc 645 chi va 160 hg d nglnh thuc vat khIc (2) Co 44 loai co ten Sach dd Viet Nam, co 22 loai cd ten Nghi dmh sd 32/2006/ND-CP (3) Tinh da dang ve cong dung cua thuc vat la gia tri to ldn ciia ngudn tli nguyen thuc vat ning d day, dac biet sd loai cay llm thudc II 574 loli, chilm 52,8%; sd loai cay cho gd la 319 loai, chiem 29,3% tdng sd cac loli khu bio tdn, lai co c6ng dung nhu: An dugc va dung llm d n h , (4) Sd loai thuc vat ning khu he thuc vat diln biln theo chilu hudng gilm vl sd lugng vl chat luong, dac biet mot sd cl the quy hiem dang dung truoc nguy CO tuyet chimg nhir Nghiln, Song mat va Tlu., Kiln nghi (1) Xay dung cac dinh vi d l theo doi da dang thuc vat theo khong gian va dinh ky fir - nam (2) Kiem fra da dang thuc vat th6ng qua cic chi sd da dang; nghien cim va nhan gidng d c loai cay co danh luc Sach dd cua Viet Nam nhu Re huong, Nghiln gan ba Sin mat vl chu y phlt tnin nhung tilu khu da cd loli (3) O Khu Bio tdn thien nhien Thin Sa - Phugng HoIng can tap trang bien phip bio tdn ngi vi, va xay dung vudn sun tap thuc vat rimg nui da voi co flm co de tuyen trayln, giao due vl hlo tdn TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Chi cue Kiem lam Thai Nguyen (2008) Bao cao Du an xac lap KBTTN Thin Sa - Phugng Hoang, Phan Kl Lgc (1998), Tinh da dang ciia he thuc vat Viet Nam, kit qui kilm ke phln loai Tap chi Di trayln hgc va IJng dung, (2), tr 10 -15 Nguyin Nghia Thin (1997) d m nang nghien ciiu da dang sinh vat Nxb N6ng nghiep Ha Ngi NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO - THANG 1/2010 KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Thai Van T r u n g (1999) Cac h e sinh thai rimg nhiet doi o' Viet N a m N x b Khoa h o c Ky thuat, HI N6i Sach dd Viet N a m (2007) Phan - Thuc vat, Nxb Klioa h g c T u nhien va C6ng n g h e Ha Ngi STUDY OF BOTAMIC DTVERSFIY OF THAN SA - PHUONG HOANG NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS N g o Xuan Hai, Dang Kim Vui Summary Initially, study of botamic diversity of Than Sa - Phuong Hoang natural protected areas shew that there are five types of forest vegetation as vegetation classification Vietnam's Thai Van Trung Component plants up to 1086 species, 645 genera, 160 plant them in different sectors Plants typical of the region are: Nghien (Excentrodendron tonkinetise), Trai ly (Garcinia fagraeoides), Trai dai bao (Garcinia bracteata) Tliere are 44 species named in the Vietnam Red Book (2007) and 'with 22 species named in the Decree No 32/2006/NDCP Diversity of uses of plants is the huge resources of forest plants here, especially medicinal plant species are 574 species, accounting for 52.8%; number of timber species to 319 species, up 29.3% total number of species protected areas, remaining uses such as edible, as scenes Number of plants in the forest flora evolutions with trend reduction in quantity and quality, especially some individual provisions are rare on the risk of extinction, such as; Nghien (Excentrodendron tonkinense) Song mat (Calamus platyacauthus), Therefore, the natural protected area has high plant diversity, abundance and management needs to be preserved Keywords: Natural protection, botamic diversity, extinct, red book Ngudi phan bifin: TS Tran TTii Thu HI THONG BAO V^ viec cap Bang bao ho giong cay mod Ngly 26 t h i n g 01 nam 201 3, Bd tnrdng Bg Ndng nghiep v l Phat trien ndng thdn da ky Quyet dinh sd 211/QD-BNN-TTvl viec cap 13 l n g bao hd Gidng c l y trdng mdi sau: STT T6n gidng Chu Bing bao h6 Loai cay Tac gia gidng cay trdng cay trdng trdng gidng cay trdng Monsanto DEKALB Breeding program of Monsanto Ngo 9901 Thailand LTD Technology LLC Bin Manh Cuong va CTV: Ngo Hiru Vien Nghien ciru Tinh, Ngo Thi Minh Tam, Nguy LVN 885 Ngo ngo Huong Lan Bill Manh Cuong va CTV: Ngo Hiru Vien Nghien cim LVN 45 Ngo Tinh ngo Mai Xuan Trieu va CTV: TrIn ThIm Vien Nghien cim LVN 61 Ngo Tuln, Vu Thi Hdng ngo Cong ty cd phln Cong ty cd phln Gidng cay trdng Gidng cay Ngo N23 miln Nam mien Nam Cong ty cd phan Cong ty c