Tap chi KHKT Mo Dig chdt, sd29, 0112010, tr 64 69 NGHIEN ClTU CAC SO DO CONG NGHE KHAI THAC THAN BUN TREN DIA BAN HA TAY BUI XUAN NAM, NGUYEN PHU VtJ, NGUYEN ANH TUAN Trudng Dgi hgc Md Dia chdt Tom ta[.]
Tap chi KHKT Mo - Dig chdt, sd29, 0112010, tr.64-69 NGHIEN ClTU CAC SO DO CONG NGHE KHAI THAC THAN BUN TREN DIA BAN HA TAY BUI XUAN NAM, NGUYEN PHU VtJ, NGUYEN ANH TUAN Trudng Dgi hgc Md - Dia chdt Tom tat: Tren dia bdn Hd Tdy, than bim la mpt logi khodng sdn cd tiim ndng, vdi trir lugng khd lan Tuy nhien, cdc md than bim ndy cd diiu kien tu nhiin rdt da dgng, yeu can nhirng so cdng nghi khai thdc khdc Trong phgm vi bdi bdo ndy, cdc tdc gid di sdu nghiin ciru nhimg so cdng nghe khai thdc phii hgp vdi cdc dgng md than biin trin dia bdn Hd Tdy, gdp phdn ndng cao hieu qud ciia phirong phdp khai thdc Ip thien, tan thu tdi da tdi nguyin vd bdo ve mdi trudng Mddlu Tiem nang than biin ciia Viet Nam dugc du tinh vdi tdng tai nguyen du bao la 7,15 ty m'' (khoang 6,0 ty tan) Trong do, phan cd kha nang khai thac theo cac yeu td kinh te va ky thuat de tham gia vao chuong trinh phat trien kinh te xa hdi cua dat nude du bao khoang 50% Rieng tren khu vuc tinh Ha Tay (cii), theo cac ket qua nghien ciru da cd, tdng trir lugng cap 122+333+334a vao khoang 31,6 trieu tan, cd the td chiic khai thac phuc vu cho phat trien kinh te cua dja phucmg va khu vuc Chat lugng than biin Ha Tay vao loai trung binh va kha tdt, cd the sir dung lam nguyen lieu cho san xuat phan bdn huu ca phuc vu cho cay trdng, cai tao dat bac mau, va lam chat dot cho sinh hoat, tham chi cd the sir dung cho phat dien Than biin Ha Tay dugc hinh va nam rai rac d nhieu huyen nhu Ba Vi, My Diic, U'ng Hda, Thach That, Quoc Oai, Son Tay, cd the khai thac va phuc vu tai ehd cho cac xa va huyen kha thuan Igi ve kinh te Suat dau tu vao khai thac va che bien sir dung tai cho thap, tan dung dugc ngudn lao ddng dia phuang, sdm san pham phuc vu ddi sdng xa hdi Trong bai bao chung tdi di sau nghien CUU ' cac SO' dd cdng nghe khai thac than biin phii hgp vdi dieu kien tu nhien va ky thuat cua cac md tren dja ban Ha Tay, gdp phan tu van cho cac CO' quan quan ly nha nude va cac nha dau tu cd dugc cai nhin tdng the viec khai thac cd hieu qua loai khoang san Gioi thieu ve tiem nang than bun tren dja ban Ha Tay [1] 64 Tdng trtr lugng cac cap 122, 333 va 334a ciia 14 khoang sang tren dja ban Ha Tay la 31,6 trieu tan Vdi tru lugng Ha Tay cd tiem nang than biin dung thu' chi sau Kien Giang (193,7 trieu tan), tren tdng trtr lugng than biin cua Viet Nam la ty tan Khoang san than biin ciia Ha Tay phan bo chu yeu d cac huyen Ba Vi, Thach That, Quoc Oai, Chuong My, My Dire va phd Son Tay Than biin d day dugc tao d cac dang sau: 2.1 Logi md than biin duoc thdnh tgo cdc khu sudn thodi, chdn sudn niii, noi dip giap giiia thung ldng vd chdn ndi hay vdi bgc them cao hon a Dgc diim dia chdt thuy vdn: Nude mat cac md than biin loai thudng nam d cac dja hinh tuong ddi cao, cac dam lay ludn tang trtr mot lugng nude mat cd quan he chat che vdi nude ngam chira than than biin Cac dam lay than biin thudng la no! tu thuy cua cac sudi nhd Cac sudi thudng cd nude vao miia mua, cdn miia khd thudng bj can nude b Dgc diim dia chdt cdng trinh: Dudi than khoang than biin la ldp set mau xam tro lan re cay muc cd chieu day 11-^12 m Ldp set nen true tiep giap than khoang than biin day 1,5-^3,0 m, cd cac chi tieu ca ly theo tai lieu dja chat luu trtr nhu sau: - Thi trgng tu nhien 1,6^ 1,7 g/cm^; - Luc dinh kit 0,03 ^ 0,04 kg/cm^ - He so nen 0,28 - 1,3 cm^/kg; - Cudng chju tai 0,4 H- 0,5 kg/cm^; 2.2 Logi md than biin duoc thdnh tgo cdc dam lay thupc vimg dong bang bdi tich & cdc triing ciia bdi bdi, cdc hd mdng ngita bi nude sdng trdn vdo cd dgng bdi triing a Dgc diim dia chdt thuy vdn: Do dja hinh thap nen cac dam lay than bim hau nhu ngap nude quanh nam Nude mat cd quan he chat che va la ngudn cung cap chinh cua nude ngam Nude ngam bj bao hoa, he sd tham thau khoang 16^18m/ng.d b Ddc diem dia chdt cdng trinh: Nen cua Idp than thudng la set, set pha cat, set deo va la ldp ngan nude giira than than biin va tang phia dudi Cac chi tieu ca ly cua ldp set nen qua phan tich mot sd mau tai lieu luu trtr dja chat dugc the hien nhu sau: - The trgng tu nhien 1,6 -e-1,65 g/cm^; - Luc dinh ket 0,2 -^ 0,3 kg/cm^; - He sd nen 0,25 ^ 0,27 cm^/kg; - Cudng chju tai 0,3 -^ 0,4 kg/cm^; Cac chi tieu chat lugng trung binh ciia cac md than biin tren dja ban Ha Tay nhu sau: - Do Im trung binh 7,83 ^12,67 %; - Do tro khd trung binh 10,05 ^ 56,39 %; - Nhiet nang khd trung binh 2039 ^ 4581 kcal/kg; - Chit bdc khd 33,56 ^ 56,64 %; - Ham lugng luu huynh chung 0,17 ^ 3.15%; - Ham lugng nita 0,25 H- 0,98 %; - Ham lugng phdtpho 0,07 -^ 0,17 %; - Ham lugng kali 0,27 ^ 0,73 %; - Chit miin 27,5 ^ 49,5 %; -Axithumic 13,3^29,7%; - Do phan buy 24,9 + 38,6 %; Vdi chat lugng than biin nhu da neu tren, than biin Ha Tay cd the khai thac, sir dung vao muc dich san xuat phan hiiu ca vi sinh phuc vu san xuat ndng nghiep va lam nhien lieu cho nha may nhiet dien Cac sff cong nghe khai thac than bun tren dja ban Ha Tay Theo "Quy hoach tham dd, khai thac, che bien va sir dung than biin tren dja ban Ha Tay den nam 2015 va djnh hudng den nam 2020" Trung tam Nghien ciru Thuc nghiem khai thae md thuc hien nam 2008, san lugng khai thac ciia cac md than biin dugc quy hoach khai thac tren dia ban Ha Tay nhu sau: Bang Quy hoach khai thac than biin tren dja ban Ha Tay TT Md than biin San lugng huy ddng theo giai doan, tan/nam 2020-2025 2016-2020 2008-2010 2011-2015 17.000 17.000 17.000 17.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 30.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 10.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 5.000 100.000 100.000 5.000 5.000 10.000 10.000 15.000 15.000 67.000 217.000 222.000 97.000 Ddng Khe Vuc Giang Bang Ta Vd Khuy Xdm Mudi Tam Son Xdm Bon My Lgc Cham Ba 10 Kim Dai 11 Tuy Lai 12 San Ddng Tdng san lugng, tan/nam Tdng khdi lugng than biin 151.000 1.085.000 455.000 995.000 khai thac dugc, tan Than dugc diing di phiie vu cho nhd mdy nhiet dien cdn lai di sdn xudt phdn bdn 65 3.1 Phdn logi cdc md than bun theo dieu kien khai thdc Theo dilu kien khai thae md, cd the chia cac md than biin cua Ha Tay dang: a Cdc md than biin udt la cac md than biin cd dac dilm tao d dang dam lay, ldng hd, Idng sdng; than biin bi ngap nude Chinh vi vay, viec khai thac cac md dang la kha phii'c tap, dac biet la khau thoat nude Trong trudng hgp khdng thi thao khd hoan toan dugc khu viic khai thac cIn thilt phai bd tri thiet bj xue bdc tren phao dl lam viec Thudc dang bao gdm cac md: Chlm Ba, Ddng Khi, Vuc Giang, Bang Ta, Kim Dai, Xdm Trdng, b Cdc md than biin khd la cac md than biin tao tren mire ngap nude va trai dai tren dja hinh bl mat, vdi chieu day 1^7 m Dieu kien khai thac cac md kha thuan tien, dac biet la cdng tac thoat nude md Thudc dang bao gdm cac md: Tam Son, Vd Khuy, Xdm Bon, Xdm Mudi, Son Ddng, 3.2 Phdn logi cdc md than him theo trir lugng Cac md than biin ciia Ha Tay cd nhieu ngudn gdc tao va tru' lugng khac nhau, nhung can cir vao kha nang san lugng khai thac, cd the phan chia chiing dang md nhu sau: a Cdc md co trir lugng nhd la cac md cd trir lugng dudi 300.000 tan Bao gdm cac khoang sang than biin Xdm Bon, My Lgc, Tam Son, Kim Dai, Vuc Giang (Ddng Ao), Tuy Lai, /; Cdc mo eo trir lugng trung binh la cac md cd trtr lugng tir 300.000 tin din 1.000.000 tan, bao gdm cac khoang sang than biin Vd Khuy, Xdm Mudi, Ddng Khe (Ddi Mo), Son Ddng c Cdc md cd trir lug'ng Idn la cac md cd tru' lugng Idn ban 1.000.000 tan, bao gdm cac khoang sang than biin Bang Ta va Cham Ba 3.3 Nghien ciiu cdc so cong nghe khai thdc cdc md than bim tren dia bdn Hd Tdy Mot each khai quat cdng nghe khai thac than biin bao gdm cac cdng tac sau: - Chuan bi khai trudng: khoanh viing, ngan thira, ; 66 - Dao hao md via: tao tuyen dudng tiep can vdi via than biin; - Xiic bdc dlt phii va than biin bang may XUC thuy lire giu ngugc, may xiic gau ngoam may xue gau treo mai, xeng, ; - Van chu\en than biin vl nai tap ket bang xe tai tien, d td loai nhd, bang tai, Ddi vdi dilu kien tu nhien cu the ciia cac md than biin tren dja ban Ha Tay, can cir vao qui md khai thac va hieu qua kinh te, chiing tdi de xuat sa cdng nghe khai thac phii hgp vdi cac md nhu sau: - Sa dd cdng nghe khai thac than biin bang thii cdng; - Sa cdng nghe khai thac than biin bang thii cdng ket hgp vdi co' gidi; - Sa dd cdng nghe khai thac than biin bang CO'gidi 3.3.1 Sa dd cdng nghi khai thdc than biin bdng tlni cdng Sa dd cdng nghe dugc ap dung cho cac md nhd cd chieu day ldp than va dat phii bien dgng Idn; dien tich chua than thudng hep va keo dai; cdng suat khai thac ciia md dudi 15.000 tan/nam Cac md than bim ciia Ha Tay SU' dung cdng nghe khai thac bang thii cdng se cd hieu qua bao gdm Vuc Giang, Vd Khuy, Xdm Muoi, Tam Son, Xdm Bon, My Lgc, Kim Dai va Tuy Lai Sa cdng nghe khai thac than bun ngap nude bang thu cdng dugc the hien cac hinh 01-a va 01-b Sa cdng nghe bao gdm cac cdng viec sau: - Dap dap (1) va thao khd khu vuc khai thac md (4); dao hao ddc (2) de md via cho md; - Phan chia md cac ludng khai thac (1), (II), (III), song song vdi Tren pham vi ludng khai thac ciing (1), tien hanh hoc ldp phii (5), gom ddng (7) de hoan thd d day md va tien hanh khai thac than biin vdi guong cdng tac (8) cho den bet chieu dai ludng khai thac Cac ludng cdn lai cung dugc khai thac tuong tu vdi trinh tu tir ngoai tren toan bg khu vuc md; - Cac cdng viec dap dap, dao hao, bdc Idp phu, khai thac va van chuyen dat phii va than bim dugc thuc hien bang thii cdng vdi cac thilt bi thd sa 67 O ''O C c C C