PHAN TICH & Dfl BAO KINH T i PHA T TRIEN KINH TE XANH XU THE THdl DAI VA VAN DE Vdl VIET NAi^ TS NGUYEN QUANG HONG Trddng Dqi hoc Kinh te Qudc dan Environmental pollution has become an increasingly bu[.]
PHAN TICH & Dfl BAO KINH T i PHA T TRIEN KINH TE XANH: XU THE THdl DAI VA VAN DE Vdl VIET NAi^ TS N G U Y E N Q U A N G HONG Trddng Dqi hoc Kinh te Qudc dan van de mdi trfldng toan c i u hien Environmental pollution has become an increasingly burning and urgent problem, which is directly affecting social and economic development and quality of human life Therefore, many countries in the world exert their efforts to seek solutions to prevent and rehabilitate the environment towards sustainable development and life improvement In such context, development of green economy is emerging as an strategic choice for many countries since it implies all economic activities, especially production and energy consumption ones, that not cause or reduce harm to the environment In Vietnam, in order to keep with this era's tendency and to ensure the txjiance between economic growth, social progress and environmental protection towards sustainable development it is required to implement various measures in integrated manner to promote green economic development such as: to enhance awareness of environmental protection and of green economic development; to keep on completing legal documents related to environmental protection; to stimulate environmental industries; to take integrated measures to reduce environmental pollution caused by industrial production and transportation activities; to closely link people's and local interests with national interests In the time to come, focus should be give to green industries in the following areas: construction, biotechnology, environmental protection yai^gBafiBaaaasatfladtaiaj^^ggHBigEH^aBisai^SE^iBBgigfaaa^gBiBBigBf^a^aigag^^ C ung nhd nhieu nddc tren the gidi, qua trinh nay, dd la: Thd nhat, sfl thay ddi khf hau tren toan c i u bat ngudn tfl viec s i n xuat va sinh hoat t h i i nhigu chat t h i i ddc hai cd the dan tdi nhieu hau qua nghiem trgng nhd: han han tai mdt so vung, lam tang tinh trang lut lgi va si/ khdc nhieu vung khac Theo dng Rozali Ismail, quan chflc dflng dau Hiep hdi nfldc qud'c gia cua Malaixia: "Khi nen van minh cua ngfldi phat trien, mdi trfldng thfldng chju inh CNH-HDH, liet cua cac cdn bao tai hfldng theo nhflng chieu hfldng tieu cflc Nhflng tran lut loi, ndng han han, thay ddi quy luat mfla va bdng va bdc xuc"', anh hddng den phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nhiet dp tang la nhflng da'u hieu d nhiSm moi trddng d nddc ta dang trd van de Van de dat hien la c i n h bao thflc sfl ve t i c dgng xau ben canh viec thuc day san xuat phat trien, thu hut dau td, can cd cua chung ta ddi vdi thien nhien" va chat Iddng cudc sdng cua ngddi nhdng chinh sach va bien phap nham bao ve moi trddng sinh thai, Thd hai, tinh trang thie'u ngudn hddng tdi phat trien ben vdng, nang cao chat Iddng mdi trddng sd'ng nfldc sach dang la van de rat cua dan cd, nhat la d cac dd thi, cac khu cdng nghiep Bat kip vdi xu nghiem trgng tai nhieu qud'c gia the thdi dai, Viet Nam can phat trien "kinh te xanh", dd la: nhdng tren the gidi Hien nay, hang tram boat ddng kinh te, dac biet la san xuat va sd dung nang Iddng khdng trieu ndng dan d cac nfldc ngheo lam hai mdi trddng, bao gdm ca nhdng boat ddng de giam tac hai p h i i di bd nhieu gid mdi cd dfldc mdi trddng Tac hai cua sfl xuong cap ve moi trfldng toan cau De tha'y dfldc sfl can thiet cua viec xay dflng va phat trien kinh te xanh, trflde het hay diem qua nhflng hau qua Idn nha't, dd tha'y nhat cua 14 THONG TIN & DU BAD KINH TE - XA HQI Sd' 54 (6.2010) '" Cdc nhd khod tide tC/ Idu dd cdnh bdo cac vdn d l ve mdi trUdng tgi Viet Nam nlia ngn pha r j n g , khdi thdc qud mC/c tdi nguyen sinh hoc, tai nguyen ddt xucng cdp, thieu nguon nadc ngot nhigm ngdy cdng tdng ddn sd tdng nhanh ddn den ddi ngheo nfldc sinh hoat Khoing mot nfla tfldng ndng len toan c i u Khdi Ifldng c i c khf dang khdng ngflng dan sd the gidi cd the se p h i i tang len d c i pham vi mdi qud'c gia va toan c i u hoat dgng s i n xuat dfldng d i u vdi nguy cd thie'u nguon va tieu diJng cua ngfldi) nfldc sach vao nam 2080 bdi - Cac khu cdng nghiep va boat dong khai thac khoang san t h i i nhflng t i e dgng cua thay dd'i khf hang ty m^ khf, hang trieu tan bui va hang trieu tan chat thai ran Dang hafl" Han bdt chu y, hoat dgng xfl ly chat t h i i trflde t h i i mdi trfldng chfla nhan ngudn cung cap nfldc, lu han lam g i i m dfldc sfl quan tam dung mflc, keo theo dd la d nhiem khdng khf, d lut lai lam d nhidm c i c nguon nfldc nhiem nguon nfldc, d nhiem dat sach vdn dang rat thie'u va - Giao thdng - tac nhan lam hai mdi trddng va sdc khde ngddi cang it dan Ne'u khdng cd nhflng Cac phfldng tien giao thdng van t i i da gdp p h l n quan trgng vao q u i chien Ifldc toan cau cung nhfl cac trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi nhflng dong thdi cung gay nhieu t i c chfnh sich hgp ly cua tflng qud'c ddng xau de'n mdi trfldng sinh thai va nguy hai cho sflc khde cua gia, hau q u i cua viec thie'u nfldc ngfldi Theo d i n h gia chung, giao thdng la mot nhflng ngudn gay sach dd'i vdi nhan loai se dac biet d nhiem khdng khf nghiem trgng nhat (khi cac phfldng tien Iflu thdng nghiem trgng va khd Ifldng se cudn mot Ifldng Idn bui dfldng va chat ban vao khdng khf), dac biet Thd ba, nhieu ngfldi dan d cac d cac dd thi Khf t h i i cua c i c phfldng tien tham gia giao thdng khdng qud'c gia dang p h i i ddi dau vdi nhflng t i c ddng trflc tie'p den sflc khde ngfldi (tie'ng dn, bui va cac nhieu loai benh tat thie'u nfldc khf t h i i dgc tfl phfldng tien giao thdng gay t i c hai rat Idn de'n c i c bd va sfl dung cac ngudn nfldc khdng phan cua cd the nhfl: he hd ha'p, t u i n hoan ) ma cdn la ngudn khf gay sach, dac biet la cfl dan ngheo tai hieu flng nha kfnh cac nfldc cham p h i t trien Chau A - Chat thai dd thi va san xua't ndng nghiep cung la mot ngudn quan va chau Phi, noi sinh sd'ng cua g i n trgng gay d nhiem mdi trfldng Nfldc t h i i khdng dfldc xfl ly da lam d 3/4 dan so the gidi, la nhflng khu nhiem k h i nghiem trgng ngudn nfldc mat d cac song Hang nam, vflc cd nguy cd x i y dich benh c i c sdng p h i i tie'p nhan hang ty m^ nfldc thai chfla qua xfl ly hoac cao nhat vi gap nhieu thach thflc xfl ly chfla triet de cua c i c cd sd s i n xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu, khai nghiem trgng ve ngudn nfldc sach t h i c , che bie'n khoang s i n , c i c benh vien Nfldc sdng cdn cd da'u Nguyen nhan nhiem moi trflotng - Cac boat lieu dot nhien hien d nhieu khu vflc cung da cd nhflng bieu hien d nhiem, dac cua ngddi biet d nhflng khu vflc khai t h i c k h o i n g s i n ddng hda thach (chu yeu la s i n xuat cdng nghiep va hieu d nhiem cac chat hflu co, vd co, kim loai nang, d i u md va cac hda chat b i o ve thflc vat s i n xuat ndng nghiep Mdi trfldng nddc ngam giao thdng) va lam nfldc ta, d nhiem mdi trfldng dang cang gia tang Hien trang ndng d tat c i cac dja phfldng cho thay mdi trfldng sinh thai dang bj d nhiem nghiep la nhflng yeu to' chfnh tao qua mflc gidi han cho phep, nhat la tai cac dd thj va cac khu cdng khf t h i i ddc hai, nguyen nhan nghiep Theo thd'ng ke, cd de'n g i n % cd cd s i n xuat cdng nghiep va cd b i n lam bie'n ddi khf hau khu cdng nghiep nfldc chfla cd tram xfl ly nfldc t h i i va he thdng (viec p h i t thai loai khf gay ky thuat tang dap flng yeu c i u b i o ve mdi trfldng He tho'ng thoat hieu flng nha kfnh gdm didxft nfldc be mat, he thd'ng thu gom va xfl ly nfldc t h i i , khu chdn lap chat cacbon, va t h i i ran chfla dfldc hoan thien va rac t h i i mdi trfldng h i u nhfl chfla la dfldc xfl ly Tai nhieu khu vflc, cac chat t h i i r l n cdng nghiep dflgc thu metan, clophloruacacbon dxft nitd (CFC) nguyen nhan chfnh gay hien gom va chdn lap khu vflc s i n xuat hoac chdn cung vdi rac t h i i sinh hoat, bao gdm c i c i c chai t h i i nguy hai chfla dfldc q u i n ly, "'Cdnh bdo dUdc c d c nhd khoo hpc