UNIT 5 NATURAL WONDERS OF VIETNAM PRONUNCIATION CONSONANTS /t/ and /d/ PHỤ ÂM /t/ và /d/ 1 THEORY t button tight town start d ladder odd medal idea I ÂM /t/ + Khi /t/ đứng đầu từ (hoặc khi không đứng[.]
UNIT NATURAL WONDERS OF VIETNAM PRONUNCIATION: CONSONANTS: /t/ and /d/: PHỤ ÂM /t/ /d/ THEORY t button tight d ladder odd town medal start idea I ÂM /t/ + Khi /t/ đứng đầu từ (hoặc không đứng đầu từ lại nhấn trọng âm vào nó) phải phát âm /t/ /t/ Ví dụ: – Tell (v) – /tel/: kể (chuyện) – Content (n) – /kənˈtent/: nội dung – Table (n) – /ˈteɪ.bəl/: bàn + Khi t đứng giữa, không bị nhấn trọng âm /t/ phát âm thành /d/ Ví dụ: – Water (n) – /’wɔ:də/,: nước – Daughter (n) – /ˈdɔdər/: gái – Meeting (n) – /’mi:diɳ/: buổi gặp mặt, hội thảo + Thông thường, âm /t/ không bật đứng cuối từ Ví dụ: – Put (v) – /pʊt/: đặt, để – What (pronoun) – /wɑːt/: – Lot (n) – /lɑːt/: nhiều + : Khi /t/ đứng trước /u/ nằm âm tiết không nhấn trọng âm /t/ biết đổi thành âm /tʃ/ Ví dụ: – Actual (adj) – /ˈỉk.tʃu.əl/: thật sự, thực chất – Nature (n) – /ˈneɪ.tʃɚ/: thiên nhiên + Khi /t/ đứng trước ia, ie, io, âm /t/ biến đổ thành âm /ʃ/ Ví dụ: Potential = /poʊˈten.ʃəl/ Protection = /prəˈtek.ʃən/ II ÂM /d/ + d thường phát âm đọc /d/ đứng đầu âm tiết Ví dụ: – Decorate (v) – /ˈdekəreɪt/: trang trí – Dedicate (v) – /ˈdedɪkeɪt/: dâng hiến + Sau d u phát âm /dʒ/ Ví dụ: – Graduate (v) – /ˈgrỉdʒueɪt/: tốt nghiệp – Module (n) – /ˈmɑːdʒuːl/: tiêu chuẩn, kiểu mẫu – Procedure (n) – /prəˈsiːdʒər/: thủ tục, tiến trình + d thường âm câm (không phát âm) từ Ví dụ: – Handkerchief (n) – /ˈhỉŋkərtʃiːf/: khăn tay – Sandwich (n) – /ˈsỉnwɪdʒ/: bánh mì sandwich – Wednesday (n) /ˈwenzdeɪ/: thứ Tư + Khi động từ kết thúc đuôi ed, chữ d đọc /id/ trước ed âm /t/, /d/ Ví dụ: – added (v) – /ˈædɪd/: thêm vào – interested (adj) – /ˈɪntrɪstɪd/: có hứng thú – wanted (v) – /ˈwɑːntɪd/: mong muốn + Khi động từ khứ kết thúc đuôi ed, chữ d đọc /t/ trước đuôi ed âm vô thanh: /p/, /k/, /θ/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/ Ví dụ: – brushed (v) – /brʌʃt/: đánh răng, chải – laughed (v) – /læft/: cười – reached (v) – /riːtʃt/: chạm đến + Khi động từ kết thúc đuôi ed, chữ d đọc /d/ trước đuôi ed âm hữu Ví dụ: – breathed (v) – /briːðd/: thở – changed (v) – /tʃeɪndʒd/: thay đổi – played (v) – /pleɪd/: chơi VOCABULARY New word Amazing adj Backpack (n) Boat (n) Compass (n) Desert (n) island (n) Litter (v) Man-made (adj) mountain (n) mountain range (n) natural wonder Plaster (n) Rock (n) Show (n, v) sun cream (n) waterfall (n) waterproof coat Transcription /ˈbækpæk/ /ˈkʌmpəs/ /ˈdezət/ /ˈaɪlənd/ /ˈmaʊntɪn/ /ˈmaʊntən reɪndʒ/ /ˈnætʃrəlwʌndə/ /ˈplɑːstə(r)/ /ˈsʌn kriːm/ /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/ /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl kəʊt/ Meaning ba lơ đeo lưng Thuyền la bàn sa mạc hịn đảo Vứt rác xả rác bừa bãi Nhân tạo núi dãy núi kì quan thiên nhiên băng dán Tảng đá, phiến đá Sự trình diễn, trình diễn kem chống nắng thác nước áo mưa LANGUAGE FOCUS: TRỌNG TÂM KIẾN THỨC COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: (DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC VÀ DANH TỪ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC) Danh từ từ dùng để vật, việc người (gọi tên) Có nhiều cách phân loại danh từ tiếng Anh Trong khuôn khổ học này, danh từ phân loại thành hai loại bảng sau: COUNTABLE NOUNS DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC Danh từ đếm được: danh từ đếm được, thường danh từ người vật cụ thể Eg: table, board, bag, doctor, engineer Chỉ đối tượng đếm Có dạng số & số nhiều UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS DANH TỪ KHƠNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC Danh từ khơng đếm được: danh từ đếm được, chúng thường danh từ TIỀN, THỜI GIAN, CHẤT LỎNG, ĐỒ ĂN, ĐỒ UỐNG, CHẤT LIỆU… Eg: water, rice, bread, sugar, information, news, luggage, rubbish…… Chỉ đối tượng khơng đếm Chỉ có dạng số Học nhanh: Danh từ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC đơn vị SỐ ĐẾM, dùng tên gọi danh từ để đếm Học nhanh: Danh từ KHƠNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC đơn vị SỐ ĐẾM, dùng tên gọi danh từ để đếm CÁCH CHUYỂN DANH TỪ SỐ ÍT SANG SỐ NHIỀU Quy tắc Thêm –s (Hầu hết trường hợp) Thêm –es (kết thúc: o, x, s, z, ch, sh) Chuyển –y => –ies (Kết thúc phụ âm + y) Không áp dụng với nguyên âm + y) Chuyển f/fe => ves (kết thúc f/ fe) Giữ nguyên Dạng số Cat Pen Tree Motorbike Machine Tomato Fox Bus Sandwich Bush Party Trophy Dạng số nhiều Cats Pens Trees Motorbikes Machines Tomatoes Foxes Buses Sandwiches Bushes Parties Trophies Leaf Loaf Wife Knife Money Sheep Leaves Loaves Wives Knives Money Sheep Chuyển đặc biệt Fish Child Person Tooth Foot Man/ woman Fish Children People Teeth Feet Men/ women QUY TẮC PHÁT ÂM ĐUÔI –S/ES * /ɪz/ với từ tận -s, -ss, -ch, -sh, -x, -z (hoặc -ze), -ge, - ce (Sang Sung Sướng Zờ CHạy Xe SH) VD: Kisses /kɪsiz/, dozes /dəʊziz/, washes /wɒʃiz/, watches /wɒtʃiz/,… * s/ với từ tận /θ/, /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ (âm không rung) (thời fong kiến phương tây) VD: waits /weɪts/, laughes /lɑːfs/, books /bʊks/, jumps /dʒʌmps/,… * /z/ trường hợp lại VD: names /neɪmz/, friends /frendz/, families/ˈfæm.əl.iz/, affairs /əˈfeərz/,… BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG I Identify the countable (C) and uncountable nouns (U) record _C _ TV set _C _ 11 bread _U _ 16 baggage U money U happiness _U _ 12 knowledge _U _ 17 information _U tree _C _ sadness _U _ 13 wall C 18 window C Furniture U safety U 14 garden C 19 music _U _ evidence _U 10 bottle _C _ 15 Advice _U _ 20 boat _C _ II Choose the best answer If you want to hear the news, you can read paper/ a paper I want to write some letters but I haven't got a paper/ any paper to write on I thought there was somebody in the house because there was light/a light on inside Light/a light comes from the sun I was in a hurry this morning I didn't have time/ a time for breakfast "did you enjoy your holiday?" - "yes, we had wonderful time/ a wonderful time." Sue was very helpful She gives us some very useful advice/advices We had very bad weather/a very bad weather while we were on holiday We were very unfortunate We had bad luck/a bad luck 10 It's very difficult to find a work/a job at the moment 11 I had to buy a/some bread because I wanted to make some sandwiches 12 Bad news don't/doesn't make people happy 13 Your hair is/ your hairs are too long You should have it/them cut 14 Nobody was hurt in the accident but the damage /the damages to the car was/were quite bad III Fill in the blanks with the words given, adding -s/-es if necessary change river garbage hardware music traffic junk thunder screwdriver homework I put some banana peels, empty juice cartons in the waste can The can is full of GARBAGE Tools that are used for turning screw are called _SCREWDRIVER The children got scared when they heard THUNDER _ during the storm I have some coins in my pocket In other words, I have some _CHANGE in my pocket 5.They have a rusty car without an engine, broken chairs and an old refrigerator in their front yard Their yard is full of _JUNK The Mississippi, the Amazon and the Nile are well-known _RIVERS _ The street is full of cars, trucks, and buses It is full of TRAFFIC 8.I like to listen to operas, symphonies, and folk sóng I enjoy _MUSIC _ Tonight I have to read 20 pages in my history book, 30 algebra problems, and write a composition In other words, I have a lot of HOMEWORK to tonight 10 I went to store to get some nails, hammers, and screws In other word, I bought some _HARWARE _ IV Write the plural form of the following nouns Singular noun Plural noun Singular noun Plural noun Singular noun Plural noun rose roses Potato Potatoes Foot Feet Boy Boys Wife Wives City Cities family families photo photos cliff clifes tooth teeth Man Men Child Children base bases mouse mice Sandwich Sandwiches child children thief thieves brush brushes V Choose the best answer to complete the sentences She was drinking glass of orange juice A a B the C Ø D an It’s important to brush your _ twice times a day A tooth B teeth C tooths D toothes We have a lot of _ near our house A factory B factores C factorys D factories There are a number of excited in the party A Persons B people C peoples C person She is really afraid of _ A mice B muoses C mices D mouse There are 30 _ in this class A child B childs C children D childrens Would you like to take a _? A Photoes B photos C photo D photoies Mrs Florida felt that her marriage had become prison A a B the C Ø D an The scientists are working on drug capable of arresting the spread of cancerous cells A a B an C the D no article 10 Did you see the new _ in that shop next door? A radioes B radies C radioses D radios 11 Peter never feels lonely He has got _ friends A much B so much C many D a great deal 12 Mr Johnson lived with his three _ in the countryside A child B childs C children D childrens 13 My mother needs _ milk to make a cake Aa B some C any D many 14 I’d like to buy _ A a shoes B a pair of shoes C the number of shoes D a shoe 15 Let’s have a break Would you like to have coffee? A any B many C little D some 16 Look! There are _ left over there A a little B much seats C many seat D a few seats 17 necessary A A lot of the information are B Some informations are C All the information is D Many of the information is 18 There are not _ in that classroom A any student B a lot of student C a great deal of students D many students 19 I cannot work because _ A there are too many noises B there is too much noise C of some noises D a number of noise 20 Not teenagers spend time on reading books A much/many B many/much C much/much D many/many 21 _ has its own private bedroom A All bedroom B A plenty of bedroom C Every bedroom D Every bedrooms 22 Phuong wants to eat an A apple B apples C a apple D some apple 23 I and my girlfriend often drink tea every morning A the B a cup of C a 24 There are many _ on the table A book B a book C books 25 Cuc has blue short hair A # B an C some D an D an book D any CÁCH DÙNG LƯỢNG TỪ VỚI DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC VÀ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC Khi nói cách sử dụng danh từ khơng đếm danh từ đếm được, ý tới mạo từ lượng từ kèm Một số mạo từ lượng từ thể dùng với loại danh từ số khác kèm với danh từ đếm danh từ không đếm Bảng phân chia mạo từ lượng từ đặt trước danh từ đếm không đếm + DANH TỪ ĐẾM ĐƯỢC A/an Many Few A few A couple of + CẢ Some Any A lot of/lots of Plenty of + DANH TỪ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC Much Little A little A great deal of A large amount of CÁC DANH TỪ CHỈ TẬP HỢP THƯỜNG GẶP A bar of chocolate: sô la A bouquet of flower: bó hoa A bunch of bananas/flowers /grapes /keys: nải chuối/bó hoa/ chùm nho, chùm chìa khóa A fall of snow/rain: trận tuyết/mưa rơi A flight of birds: đàn chim A glass of water: cốc nước A litter of puppies: lứa chó A nest of ants: tổ kiến A school/shoal of fish: đàn cá A shower of rain: mưa rào A stack of wood: đống gỗ A swarm of flies / bees: đàn/bầy ruồi/ong A herd / drove of cattles: đàn gia súc/ngựa A crowd/ throng / multitude / concourse of people: đám người Flight of steps / stairs: cầu thang/ tầng bậc thang A heap / mass of ruins: đống đổ nát A heap of books/ rubbish: đống sách/rác A clump / grove of trees: lùm A cluster / galaxy of stars: dãi ngân hà/ chùm A chain / range of mountains: dãy núi A range of hill/mountains: dãy đồi/núi A collection of relics / curiosities: sưu tập di vật/đồ cổ A basket of fruit: rổ trái A bowl of rice: tô cơm A nest of mice: ổ chuột A set of tool: dụng cụ An album of stamps: tem Một số từ bày đàn riêng Flock = a group of sheep or goats: bầy cừu dê Pride = a group of lions: bầy sư tử School = a group of whales: bầy cá voi Troop = a group of monkey: bầy khỉ PHÂN BIỆT: LITTLE, A LITTLE, FEW, A FEW Dùng với danh từ đếm A few + danh từ đếm số nhiều: có chút, đủ để Eg: I have a few records, enough for listening Few + danh từ đếm số nhiều: có ít, khơng đủ để (có khuynh hướng phủ định) Eg: I have few books, not enough for reference reading Dùng với danh từ không đếm A little + danh từ khơng đếm được: có chút, đủ để Eg: I have a little money, enough to buy groceries Little + danh từ không đếm được: ít, khơng đủ để (có khuynh hướng phủ định) Eg: I have little money, not enough to buy groceries BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG I Much or Many? Have you got _MANY friends? Stop it! It's too MUCH for me! I hope to have MANY _ presents for Christmas because I was nice this year! No! I don't dive into this water, it's too _MUCH cold! Oh my bedroom is messy I have so MANY things! How _MUCH _ money you have? How _MANY oranges did you buy? How _MUCH orange juice did you buy? 10 How MANY _ books did he write? II SOME, ANY, or NO? Hello miss, you sell ANY _ stamps? Can I have _SOME bread, please? Our pets are causing _SOME damages in the house Today, we don't have _ANY wooden boards She’s poor, she has NO food to eat for tonight Are there ANY _ soft drinks in your fridge (for the children)? Yesterday, your sister didn't drink ANY water I would like to buy _SOME clothes but I don't have enough money Mum and Dad eat SOME _ sweets when they are bored III Fill in the blanks with FEW, A FEW, LITTLE, A LITTLE? She has _ A LITTLE money to spend as she is unemployed I can't wait for you I've got LITTLE time I've got a _ FEW _ books and I'll buy some more Sahar has got a _ FEW _ French books Julien has got a _ FEW _ friends and they meet on Saturdays There is _ LITTLE _ food left We'd better not be hungry then! There are _ FEW people at the cinema as the movie is not very good I have got A FEW _ magazines I prefer books There is a LITTLE _ paella in the fridge if you are hungry 10 There is LITTLE money in my bag I won't buy a lot of things! IV FEW, LITTLE, A FEW, A LITTLE? I really need to see him I've got _ A FEW _ questions to ask him Could we have _ A LITTLE champagne, please? 'Were you surprised?' ' _ A LITTLE .' They've already been to Spain _ A FEW times These plants require _ LITTLE water and it's very handy At home, the kitchen was a pleasant place There were always A FEW _ flowers in a vase 'How's your father?' ' _ A LITTLE _ better, thanks.' 'Sandra is fluent in Italian, French and Spanish.' 'It's quite rare, _ FEW _ people can speak several foreign languages.' This boy isn't very popular at school He's got very FEW friends 10 They live in a very small flat because they have A LITTLE money V Choose the best answer I have cold water Do you want me to share it with you? A few B a few C little D a little My father has wonderful friends He never feels lonely A little B few C a few D a little Her grandfather has information about computer He can rarely use it A a few B little C a little D few There are doctors in her village They really need to have more A a little B a few C little D few Her boyfriend has got time They can meet each other at the weekend A a few B little C a little D few When I was young, I had self-confidence I could not talk to new people A a few B a little C little D few There is milk We cannot make a cake A a little B a few C few D little I have apples Would you like one? A a little B a few C few D little There is meat left in the fridge It should be enough for our lunch A a few B few C a little C little 10 Unfortunately, students could pass their exams A few B little C a little D a few 11 I have books about successful people in my bookcase A little B a few C a little D few 12 I think you are lucky because you have _ problems A little B few C a few D a little V MUCH, MANY, SOME, or ANY? Dad, I need _ SOME _ money, please She is always broke, she never has ANY money Hurry up! We don't have _ MUCH time! they will arrive soon I don't have ANY _ brothers or sisters, but I have many friends I don't have any brothers or sisters, but I have MANY friends How _ MANY _ true friends you have? We love you so _ MUCH , teacher! Money? I think I have _ SOME, ; I am not poor but not rich either You don't need much time to this exercise, just SOME _ minutes 10 Do you have _ ANY kids? VI SOME or ANY? This evening I'm going out with _ SOME friends of mine 'Have you seen _ ANY good films recently?' 'No, I haven't been to the cinema for ages.' I didn't have _ ANY _ money, so I had to borrow some Can I have _ ANY milk in my coffee, please? I was too tired to _ SOME _ work You can cash these traveller's cheques at _ SOME _ banks Can you give me _ ANY information about places of interest in the town? With the special tourist train ticket, you can travel on SOME _trains you like If there are _ SOME _ words you don't understand, use a dictionary 10 We didn't buy _ ANY flowers VII MUCH, ANY, SOME, or MANY? ... few A couple of + CẢ Some Any A lot of/ lots of Plenty of + DANH TỪ KHÔNG ĐẾM ĐƯỢC Much Little A little A great deal of A large amount of CÁC DANH TỪ CHỈ TẬP HỢP THƯỜNG GẶP A bar of chocolate:... litter of puppies: lứa chó A nest of ants: tổ kiến A school/shoal of fish: đàn cá A shower of rain: mưa rào A stack of wood: đống gỗ A swarm of flies / bees: đàn/bầy ruồi/ong A herd / drove of cattles:... with 15 you watch TV? Twice a day A How long B How often C How D How many 16 Ha Long Bay is the number one in Viet Nam A nature wonder B natural wonder C wonderful nature D wonder