Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky nijm 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam Hd Ndi 10/2010 NANG LlTONG DIEN MO HINH THI TRlTOfNG DIEN VA V A N DE CAI CACH THI TRlTOfNG DIEN VIET NAM Ngo Tuan Kiet Vien Khoa h[.]
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky nijm 35 ndm Viin Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010 NANG LlTONG DIEN MO HINH THI TRlTOfNG DIEN VA V A N DE CAI CACH THI TRlTOfNG DIEN VIET NAM Ngo Tuan Kiet Vien Khoa hoc nang lugng; 18 Hoang Qu6c Viet, Cau Giiy, Ha Noi Email: tuankiet(a),ies.vn Tom tat: Chiin luac phdt triin ndng lutyng quoc gia din ndm 2020 vd tdm nhin din ndm 2050 dd chi ro: "Phdt trien ndng lucmg quoc gia phii hop vai xu huang hoi nhap quoc ti Tieng buac hinh thdnh thi truang ndng luong, da dgng hoa so huru vd phuang thicc kinh doanh, huong tdi thda mdn tot nhdt lai ich nguai tiiu ditng" Bdi viit tap trung vdo viec phdn tich ddnh gid cdc mo hinh thi truang diin hien dang ton tgi a cdc nude, nhdm cung cdp thong tin cho cong tdc cdi cdch thi trudmg diin a Viet Nam Abstract: Development strategy of national energy to 2020 and vision to 2050 has shown that: 'Development of national energy consistents with the trend of international integration Step by step forming energy market, diversifying property and business methods, towards satisfying the best interest of consumers" The article focuses on analyzing and evaluating models of electricity market existing currently in the countries to provide information on electricity market reform in Vietnam DAT VAN DE Dac thii ciia nganh dien khac hoan toan voi cac nganh san xuat bang boa khac la qua trinh san xuat va tieu thu deu xay dong thoi ciing mot liic, khong the co ach tac khau luu thong, phan phoi Vi vay, nguoi san xuat va nguoi tieu thu dien deu co trach nhiem bao dam tin cay cung cap dien, nham su dung mot each co bieu qua cong suat thiet bi ciia chinh minh va ciia ca nganh dien Muc tieu ciia quan he hop tac giua nguoi san xuat va tieu dung dien cAn huong toi la voi cung mot cong suat thiet bi nguoi san xuat co the san xuat dugc nhilu dien nang hon va phuc vu dugc nhieu hg su dung dien hon o nhimg thoi diem khac KSt qua dat dugc la nguoi tieu thu dien se co chi phi dung dien thap tuong ling va nguofi san xuSt dien se co chi phi dku tu va san xuat dien hgp ly Nhimg van de tren se dugc thuc hien mot each co hieu qua cugc song neu thiet lap dugc co che dieu hanh va to chiic hgp ly khong nhiing d6i voi nguofi tieu thu dien ma cho nguofi san xuat dien Dieu cQng chinh la muc tieu co ban cin tuan thii cai each thi tmong dien a nuoc ta hien CAI CACH THI T R U C « V G DIEN d VIET NAM Nhim thu hiit mgi phan kinh te nuoc va doi tac nuoc ngoai tham gia phat trien dien lire, bao dam tang truong kinh te ben viing va an ninh nang lugng quoc gia, Chinh phu da chi dao cai each manh me thi tmong dien, vod cac trgng tam la: (1) Cai each co che xac dinh gia 323 Tiiu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 ca tren thi tmong dien (2) Mof ciia hon nira thi tmong dien dl gioi dau tu tu nhan va quoc te tham gia ca vao boat dgng san xuat va ban dien (3) Nang cao hieu qua dau tu, san xuat va cung ling dien thong qua viec tao co che va moi tmong canh tranb binh dang linh vuc nang lugng noi chung va dien noi rieng Lg trinh cai each thi tmong dien Viet Nam Bg Cong thuong de xuat gom giai doan: Den nam 2010, cho phep cac nha dau tu nuoc ngoai va tu nhan (IPP) tham gia san xuat dien de ban dien cho EVN; 2010 - 2014, tu hoa mgt phin thi tmong ban buon dien; 2014 - 2022, tu hoa hoan toan thi truong ban buon va sau 2022 tu boa ca thi tmong ban le dien Ciing nhu nhieu quoc gia dang phat trien, Viet Nam thoi gian qua da su dung tu van nuoc ngoai viec xay dung chien luge tong the cai each thi tmong dien Viet Nam De gop them thong tin, chiing toi xin tong hgp mgt so tai lieu c6 lien quan den tim va that bai cua cac nuoc da cai each thi tmong dien the gioi de tir nit nhiing bai hgc kinh nghiem can thiet VE MO HINH THI TRUOnVG DIEN O cac nuoc kinh te thi truong khong the tach khoi viec to chiic thi truong nganh dien O cac nuoc Tay Au, My va mgt so khac the ky XX da hinh he dgc quyen dieu tiet tu nhien, cho phep dam bao sir phat trien nhanh va cong nganh dien Cuoi the ky XX nhieu quoc gia da bat dau viec cai each nhirng to chirc dgc quyen va xuat hien nhieu dang mo hinh thi trudng Mac du rat da dang, song da thira nhan phan chia mo hinh CO ban to chiic thi tmong dien [1-3]: (1) Doc quyin diiu tiit tu nhiin (khong cd cgnh tranh): nhung Cong ty dgc quyen tu nhien phan cap theo nganh dgc, chiem ITnh toan bg linh vuc san xuat, truyen tai, phan phoi va tieu thu dien nang Nha nuoc dieu khien nhimg cong ty de hg khong Igi dung dugc the dgc quyen ciia minh Sir phat trien cua he thong dien (HTD) dugc dam bao nho viec dua phan von dau tu vao gia doi voi hg tieu thu Gia dien dugc xac lap theo miic chi phi san xuat dien trung binh ciia HTD cong voi mgt phan von dau tu moi gia Vao thap nien 70-80 ciia the ky truoc bat dau xuat hien mgt so nhugc diem cua dgc quyen dieu tiet: gia ban cao 6f mgt loat nuoc, dau tu qua miic va phat trien thira nguon (du phong len toi 30-40%)) v.v Nguyen nhan chii yeu la sir cham doi moi thuc hien co cbl dieu tiet cua nha nuoc Xuat hien y tuong to chiic canh tranh ITnh vuc san xuit va phan ph6i dien nang voi by vgng canh tranh thay cho dieu tiet nha nuoc se nang cao hieu qua san xuit va din den giam gia dien (2) Hdng mua diin doc quyin: Trong mo hinh nay, cac nha san xuit dien dgc lap vl tai chinh canh tranh voi viec cung cap dien nang cho mgt hang mua nhit Cac ITnh vuc lai ciia HTD dugc giii nguyen co cau phan nganh theo chilu dgc va doi voi nguoi tieu thu no dugc gift dgc quyin nhu tmoc Hoat dgng cua Hang mua dien (kl ca viec quyet dinh gia dien mua cua nha san xuat va ban cho hg tieu thu) dugc dilu tilt boi nha nuoc Hgp dong voi nha dau tu san xuat dien moi dugc ky dai ban (10-15 nam) voi gia du dam bao viec thu hoi von dau tu va c6 Igi nhuan hgp ly Viec mua dien tir cac nha may dien dang boat dpng dugc thuc hien theo hgp dong dai ban (2-4 nam) c6 sir dilu chinh gia Dilu van hanh, ke ca toi uu che dugc thuc hien tuong tu nhu dilu tilt dgc quyin Gia ciia cac nha san xuat khac theo toan hang mua di?n (trong ca cac nha san xuit moi) dugc trung binh hoa (nhu dieu tiet dgc quyen), dilu cho phep dam bao miic thip ciia gia dien cho ho tieu thu Trong mo hinh Mgt hang mua dien nhit se hien thuc hoa dugc hieu qua canh tranh giua cac nha san xuat dien nang Khi co sir dilu tilt diing cua nha nuoc, gia dien cho cac 324 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010 hg tieu diing se vi vay ma thap hon so voi dieu tiet dgc quyen Day chinh la uu the co ban ciia mo hinh so voi mo hinh tren (3) Cgnh tranh trin thi trudng bdn buon: LTnh vuc tmyen tai dien nang dugc tach Cong ty luoi - tmyen tai dieu tiet doc lap LTnh vuc phan phoi va tieu thu dien nang dugc chia theo vung voi sir lap mgt so cong ty phan phoi - tieu thu dien, doc quyen cung cap dien cho tat ca cac hg tieu diing lanh tho cua minh Thi truong ban buon dien dugc to chiic voi mgt Nha dieu hanh be thong thuong mai, cac nha san xuat va nha phan phoi - tieu thu dien canh tranh voi nhau, va nhu vay se cham diit tinh trang dieu tiet gia ban buon Dong thofi ciing lap Nha dieu he thong dgc lap thuc tbi nhiem vu dieu van hanh HTD Hoat dgng cua Nha dieu he thong dgc lap can dugc thong nhat voi Nha dieu hanh he thong thuong mai, dieu tao kho khan nbat dinb cho viec dam bao tin cay cua HTD thong nhat (4) Thi trudmg cgnh tranh cd bdn buon vd bdn le: LTnb vuc phan phoi va tieu thu dien nang dugc chia tach them voi sir hinh nhimg cong ty dieu tiet luoi phan phoi (theo viing lanh tho) va nhieu cong ty ban le dien Thi tmong ban le dien dugc to chiic, cac cong ty ban le dien (mua dien tren thi truong ban buon) canh tranh voi Cham diit viec dieu tiet gia ban le Can nhan manh rang, tat ca cac mo binh neu tren deu la mo hinb tbi truong, Hai mo hinh va la mo hinh thi tmong dieu tiet gia (tbi trucmg dieu tiet) mac du thi truong Mgt hang mua dien nhat co su canh tranh giiia cac nha san xuat dien Ca mo hinh neu tren deu dugc cac nuoc tren the gioi sir dung duoi dang hoac dang khac Vi du: Thi truong dieu tiet dgc quyin Nhat, Phap va da so cac bang ciia My; Thi tmong mgt hang mua dien nhat - o Nam Trilu Tien, Trung Quoc, Bic Ai NhT Lan, Me Hi Co; Thi truong canh tranb o Anh, Ao, mgt so bang cua My (va da tin tai mgt so nuoc nhu Chi Le, Braxin, Achentina, song sau khung khoang va that bai da quay lai thi truong dieu tiet) Nhieng nhuac diim vd tdn tgi cua thi trucmg cgnh tranh (md hinh vd 4) Trong [4] tren co so phan tich nhilu tai lieu (114 nguln tai lieu) da xac dinh dugc cac kho khan, ton tai va bau qua tl chiic thi truong dien canh tranh Nhimg tin tai co ban nhat la: (1) Chi phi Ion cho viec to chiic va van hanh thi tmong canh tranh; (2) Xuit hien quyen lire thi truong ITnh virc san xuit dien; (3) Sir phan nho gia tren thi trudng ban buon; (4) Thilu v6n diu tu phat triln nguln va luoi dien; (5) Giam tin cay cung cip dien; (6) Tang gia dien (o dai da s6 thi tmong); (7) Hieu qua ciia viec phi dilu tilt, nlu no co, chii yeu cho cac nha san xuat (ma khong phai cho ngudi tieu diing) Nhiing ton tai neu tren ciia thi trudng canh tranh (phi dilu tiet) la ban chat von co ciia no Chiing dugc trinh bay bing ly thuyet va da xuit hien thuc tl Trong [3,5] da chi ring, dilu kien thi trudng canh tranh, nhung nha san xuat dien nang dang boat dgng se co giir "quyin lire thi trudng" bing viec dung xay dung cac nha may dien de tao sir khan hiem dan din tang gia va tang Igi nhuan Trong [6] da giai thich rd mgt sir that rang, viec chuyin dli sang thi trudng canh tranh chi co Igi cho nha san xuat va dua lai tdn that (do hau qua tang gia dien) cho ngudi tieu thu dien nang Ngudi ta thudng cho ring My luon di diu viec cai each nganh dien theo hudng chuyin sang thi tmdng canh tranh Thuc tl din eudi nam 2005 (va tir d6 den hau nhu chua CO gi thay dli) da s6 (27) bang cua My chua timg thuc hien viec phi dieu tilt thi trudng, van giii cac cdng ty dieu tiet theo nganh doc (md hinh 1) Bon bang (cd Kaliphonia) da bat diu cai each song da loai bd va quay vl dilu tilt Cdn bang da thuc hien viec cai td cau triic timg phin va chi cd 1/3 (17) bang chuyen sang thi trudng dien canh tranh 325 Tiiu ban: Mdi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 Nhieng vi du tdt cua thi trudmg diiu tiit gid: CJ cac nude Chinh phii van giii sir dieu tiet gia dien (md hinh va 2) khdng tdn tai nhiing nhugc diem va hau qua mang tinh ban chat cua thi tmdng canh tranh (md hinh 3, 4) neu tren Minh chiing cho ket luan la Tmng Qudc, Nam Trieu Tien, Phap, Nhat HTD ciia nhiing nude phat trien va van hanh cdng vugt qua dugc nhiing khd khan lien quan den tdc tang trudng phu tai dien cao hoac sir ban che ve tiem nang nhien lieu - nang lugng nude Trung Qudc thuc hien dieu tiet gia theo md hinh 2, nganh dien Tmng Qudc phat trien vdi tdc chua timg thay Trong nhiing nam 2004-2007 mdi nam TQ dua vao van hanh 50-100 GW Vdn dau tu xay dimg cdng trinh dugc huy dgng tir mgi ngudn lire: Igi nhuan tir cac cdng ty phat dien ciia Chinh phu, cac nha dau tu tu nhan ciing nhu tir ngan sach ciia nha nude Mac du vdn dau tu cho phat trien nganh dien rat ldn va dau dd van cdn hien tugng thieu hut cdng suat, nhung nhd vao sir dieu tiet cua Chinh phii, nen gia dien nang van giii dugc d miic tuong ddi thap Theo sd lieu [7] gia dien ddi vdi dan sinh chi gan 5,4 cents/KWh, 9,5 cents/KWh ddi vdi ITnh vuc kinh doanh thuong mai Cac hd tieu thu dien ITnh vuc cong nghiep phai tra chi phi sir dung dien nang va cdng suat, dd gia dien nang tieu thu khoang 3,7 - 5,3 cents/KWh va gia cdng suat phai tra bao gdm phan la gia phu tai toi da (khoang 2,68 USD/KW cdng suat tieu thu mgt thang) va gia cdng suat ciia tram bien ap dau ndi vdi HTD (khoang 1,83 USD/KVA mdt thang) Phap la nude ngheo tiem nang nang lugng, nen sau khiing hoang nang lugng vao nhirng nam 70 cua the ky tmdc da day manh phat trien dien hat nhan San lugng dien phat tir cac nha may dien nguyen tu chiem tdi hon 80%) tieu thu dien ciia dat nude ciing nhu xuat khau Hau nhu toan bd nganh dien ciia Phap deu hang EDF ciia nha nude ddc quyen Theo de nghi ciia Hdi ddng Chau Au nam 2000 da thdng qua luat ve sir md rgng tu thi trudng dien va da lap Dieu he thdng nang lugng {TSO) va IJy ban dieu tiet nang lugng (CRE) Uy ban la co quan dieu tiet he thdng nang lugng va nd dugc giao quyen dac biet ve td chiic va kiem tra, kiem soat mgi boat ddng ciia thi tmdng [8] nhu: Phe duyet chuong trinh dau tu hang nam hang EDF va hang ludi dien RTE lap; Thiet lap nhiing quy dinh lam viec cua cac dieu he thdng; Kiem tra viec ky ket cac hgp ddng; Thiet lap gia dien nang cd tinh din chi phi bii dap tdn that dien, thue, vdn dau tu va gia ddi ndi vdi he thdng nang lugng Uy ban ciing dam bao cho viec tu tiep can vdi thi tmdng cua cac hd tieu dimg dien Gia dugc dieu chinh lien tuc va lira chgn dua vao he thdng mdt nha may dien mdi, Uy ban luon giii nguyen tac lira chgn gia thap nhat cho ca dieu he thdng va hd tieu thu dien Nhu vay, tu hda thi tmdng nang lugng d Phap khdng chi dan den phi dieu tiet hda ma ngugc lai da sip xip In dinh ho^t ddng cua he thdng nang lugng dudi su quan ly dieu hanh ciia Chinh phu Giii hang EDF qudc gia va dieu tiet da dam bao phat trien cdng nganh dien va gia dien dn dinh d miic thap so vdi cac nude lang gieng Phap xuit khiu dien sang Anh, Y, Diic va nhilu nude khac Trong xu the du kien cd phan hda hang EDF, Chinh phu chic se giu lai cd phin chi phdi Tai Nhat cd khoang 10 Cdng ty nang lugng dilu tilt theo nganh dgc cung cip nang lugng cho cac vung lanh thd tuong ling Cai each nganh dien cua Nhat bit diu tir nam 1995, bing viec quyet dinh bat budc cac hang ddc quyen mua dien cua cac nha san xuit ddc lap Nhd vay, mdt sd HTD da hinh gia ban le thip hon ddi vdi hg tieu thu dien, tiic la dat dugc hieu qua duong Tir nam 2004 da sap xep lai thi trudng trao ddi cdng suit giiia cac he thdng va hinh mdt td chiic tmng gian (Hdi ddng cac he thong nang lugng Nhat) chiu trach nhiem xay dung luat va kiem tra sir tmng thuc, sang cua thi tmdng Vi vay, mac dii gia dien kha cao, nhung Nhat van giii md hinh dgc quyin tu nhien, va nhd da dam bao dugc sir phat trien HTD binh thudng ciing vdi tien diu tu xay dung cac nha may dien 326 Hdi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Viet Nam - Hd Ndi 10/2010 ddi hdi vdn dau tu ldn nhu dien nguyen tu Viec chuyen hudng sang ap dung co che thi tmdng, cd the da dan den viec tang gia dien nhilu hon MOT SO KET LUAN 1) Viec chuyen ddi sang thi trudng dien canh tranh vdi gia dien tu (phi dieu tiet nganh dien) khdng phai la xu the chung ciia the gidi Nbieu Bang cua My, hau bet Canada, Phap, Nhat ciing nhu da sd cac nude dang phat trien van giir md hinh dieu tiet ddc quyen tir nhien vdi cac cdng ty dien phan cap theo nganh dgc (md hinh 1) cimg vdi viec md rdng va cho phep cac nha san xuat dien doc lap tham gia thi tmdng 2) Kinh nghiem cho thay, cai each nganh dien chi nen gidi ban den md hinh Hd mua dien nhat vdi viec giu quyen dieu tiet gia dien cua Chinh phii Md binh thi trudng dang thuc bien dugc viec canh tranh ITnh vuc phat dien mdt ITnh vuc chiem ty trgng chi phi ldn nhat ciia HTD Gia dien dugc hinh tren co sd chi phi san xuat tmng binh toan he thong va dam bao sir phat trien hgp ly, kip thdi ciia HTD ciing nhu tin cay cung cap dien Nha dau tu san xuat dien se nhan dugc phan Igi nhuan hgp ly, dn dinh Day chinh la md hinh dugc trien khai cdng d Tmng Qudc, Nam Trieu Tien, An Do va nhieu nude khac Cl Viet Nam md hinh ciing se phat huy hieu qua tdt nhat 3) Nhung nam gan day da phat hien nhung khd khan va tdn tai nghiem trgng nganh dien cua cac nude da chuyen ddi sang md hinh canh tranh tu (mo hinh va 4) Kalifonia, Brazil, Ontanio, Achentina, Chi Le da xay khiing khoang, keo theo sir thieu dien tram trgng va tang gia dien rat manh, cat dien hang loat, su cd v.v Sau nhung khiuig hoang da quay lai md hinh dieu tiet cua Chinh phu (md binh va 2) Hau bet d cac nude da xuat hien su tang gia, thieu vdn dau tu de phat trien nha may va ludi dien Nam 2003 va 2006 da xay nhimg sir cd ldn he thdng dien Dong - Bac My, Tay Au, Texzat Viet Nam can sdm nit kinh nghiem de khdng lap lai budc di ciia cac nude tren 4) Nhiing khilm khuyet neu tren ciia thi tmdng dien canh tranh mang tinh ban chat dac thu rieng ciia HTD khac vdi cac nganh san xuat hang hda khac Dieu kien kinh doanh dien nang hoan toan khdng dap ung dugc yeu cau ciia thi tmdng canh tranh hoan bao, ma d hieu qua dat dugc la gia chi phi san xuat hang boa Vi vay, nhiing that bai, dd vd cua thi tmdng dien canh tranh tren thi gidi can phai thira nhan nhu mot quy luat khach quan khdng the tranh dugc tir kinh nghiem tren thi gidi nhiing nam gan day Khdng ngac nhien xu hudng thi tmdng dien tranh d mgi noi deu dugc xem xet lai (xay hien tugng cai each cua cai each) va khong the cho rang qua trinh cai each da hoan d bat cii qudc gia nao 5) Trong dilu kien thi trudng canh tranh viec buon ban trao ddi dien nang giiia cac quoc gia cd thi se gap nhilu khd khan, bdi vi viec xuat khau dien se lam gia tang nhu cau va gia dien d qudc gia xuit khiu Viec chuyin dli sang thi tmdng dien canh tranh d nude ta cd thi se gay anh hudng din viec thuc thi chu tmong hgp tac lien kit ludi dien khu vuc 6) Kit luan quan trgng va dang chii y nhit la viec chuyen tir thi trudng dilu tilt sang thi tmdng canh tranh (tir md hinh va sang md hinh va 4) se chi mang lai hieu qua cho nhimg nha san xuit dien, (viec phi dilu tilt hda dugc tien hanh vi muc tieu cua chinh ho) Nhiing hd tieu dung dien (cac nganh kinh tl khac va toan bd nhan dan) se phai chiu thiet hai viec tang gia, thieu hut dien va sir cd 327 Tiiu ban: Mdi truang vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Belyaev L.S., 2007, "Electricity markets: Comparing competitive and single buyer markets", IEEE Power & Energy magazine, V 5, No 3, p 16-26 Clavel P., and Bauchet S., 2006, "Organization of the French Electricity Sector", CIGRE, Paper C5-106, Paris Hunt S., Shuttleworth G., 1996, "Competition and Choice in Electricity", John Wiley, Chichester, England Woo C.K., King M., at al., 2006, "Costs of electricity deregulation ", Energy V 31, p 747768 Wu F.F., and Fu S., "China's Future in Electric Energy", IEEE Power & Energy, Vol 3, No 4, July/August 2005, p 32-38 BejiacB JI.C, "Mupoeou onumpetpopMupoeanuHpuuKoe 3JieKmpo3Hep2uu", Tai lieu Hdi nghi qudc te vl phat trien nang lugng bin viing lin thii nhit Vien Khoa hgc nang lugng - Vien KHCNVN, Ha Ndi - thang 4/2008, Tr 12-32 BenacB JI.C, 2007, ''Hyotcen uu Poccuu KOUKypeHmHuii pbiHOK e 3mKmpo3Hep2emuKe? ", 3HeprHH: 3K0H0MHKa, TexHHKa, SKOJiorna, JVb 4-2007 BejiaeB JI.C, Ho^aKOBajibKHKOB C.B., 2004, "PUHOK e 3JieKmpo3HepaemuKe: HpodneMbi paseumuM aeuepupyioufux Moiquocmeu ", HoBocndnpcK: HayKa BoHKOB 3.n., BapHHOB B.A., ManeBMH A.C, 2001, "HpodneMbi u nepcncKmueu paseumuR 3JieKmpo3HepsemuKU Poccuu", M., SneproaTOMHS^iiaT, 2001, 432 c 328 ... md hinh dugc trien khai cdng d Tmng Qudc, Nam Trieu Tien, An Do va nhieu nude khac Cl Viet Nam md hinh ciing se phat huy hieu qua tdt nhat 3) Nhung nam gan day da phat hien nhung khd khan va... nhu nhieu quoc gia dang phat trien, Viet Nam thoi gian qua da su dung tu van nuoc ngoai viec xay dung chien luge tong the cai each thi tmong dien Viet Nam De gop them thong tin, chiing toi xin... dai ban (10-15 nam) voi gia du dam bao viec thu hoi von dau tu va c6 Igi nhuan hgp ly Viec mua dien tir cac nha may dien dang boat dpng dugc thuc hien theo hgp dong dai ban (2-4 nam) c6 sir dilu